Eat, go, go, see, sleep, understand

1. I was tired but ….I couldn’t sleep….

2. She spoke very quickly. I couldn’t ……………….. her.

3. His eyes are not very good. He ………………. very well.

4. I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I ………………… my dinner.

5. He …………………… to the concert next Saturday. He is working.

6. He ………………….. to the meeting last week. He was ill.

 

III. Complete the sentences. Use must +one of the verbs:

be, buy, go, go, help, hurry, learn, meet, phone, read, wash, win.

1. We …..must…… go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.

2. I ………………………………………….. I haven’t got much time.

3. She is a very interesting person. You ……… her.

4. I forgot to phone Dave last night. I……………………………him today.

5. You ………………………………. to drive. It’s very useful.

6. This is an excellent book. You ………………………it.

7. We …………………… some food. We’ve got nothing for dinner.

8. My hair is dirty. I ……………………… it.

9. I ……………………. To the post office. I need some stamps.

10. I have a big problem. You …………………………………..me.

11. The game tomorrow is very important for us. We ………………………...

12. You can’t always have things immediately. You …………………… patient.

IV. Put in must or had to:

1. I …….had to…… go to the bank yesterday to get some money.

2. The windows are very dirty. I ………………….. clean them.

3. The windows were very dirty yesterday. I …………………………… clean them.

4. I ………………………….. get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.

5. Come on! We ……………………….. hurry. We haven’t got much time.

6. We arrived home very late last night. We ………………… wait half an hour for a taxi.

7. These cakes are very nice. You ……………………. have one.

8. Ann came to the party but she didn’t stay very long. She ………………….. leave early.

9. He didn’t know how to use the machine. I ………………………. Show him.

10. I was nearly late for my appointment this morning. I …………………………. Run to get there on time.

 

V. Complete the sentences. Use should + one of these verbs:

Clean go read visit watch wear

1. When you play tennis, you ….. should watch ….. the ball.

2. You look tired. You …………………………… to bed

3. You …………………………… your teeth after every meal.

4. The city museum is very interesting. You ……………………………….. it.

5. When you are driving, you ………………………… a seat-belt.

6. It’s a good book. You …………………….. it.

VI. Make sentences with shouldn’t ….so…

1. (you smoke too much) You shouldn’t smoke so much.

2. (you work too hard) You ………………………… so hard.

3. (he eats too much) He ………………………… much.

4. (She watches TV too often) She…………………………………….

5. (you talk too much) You …………………………………………..

VII. You ask a friend for advice.

Make questions with Do you think I should ….?

1. (buy this jacket?) Do you think I should buy this jacket?

2. (buy a new camera?) Do you think ……………………………………….?

3. (get a new job?) Do ………………………………………………………?

4. (do an English course?) …………………………………………………..?

5. (learn to drive) ……………………………………………………............?

Vocabulary and Speech Exercises

 

I. Find the words of opposite meaning in the text and fill the chart; translate the pairs of words into Russian:

٧	guilty
careful	٧
honestly	٧
lawful	٧
fair	٧
constitutional	٧
٧	unreasonable
usual	٧
٧	law-breaker
legal	٧
encourage	٧

 

II. Chose the word to describe crimes in this situation:

burglary, arson, vandalism, terrorism, forgery, blackmail, smuggling, fraud, rape, mugging, kidnapping, drug pushing, shoplifting.

He threatened to send the love letters to her husband unless she gave him 500 pounds.

The telephone box had been smashed, the young trees broke.

An old man has been attacked and robbed in a city street. He is recovering in hospital.

Department stores lose millions of pounds each year through goods being stolen off the shelves.

Thieves broke into the house while the family was away on holiday.

The young woman was sexually attacked as she walked across the dark park late at night.

He watched with satisfaction as the fire he lit burnt down the factory. “That’ll make them wish they’d never given me the sack”, he thought.

It was a perfect copy. It was so good, in fact, that it could even fool an expert.

The bank believed her to be trustworthy. They had no reason to suspect that she had transferred thousands of pounds to false accounts.

If you want to see your child again, put $50.000 in an old suitcase and wait for further instructions.

George gave the man 50 pounds in return for a small packet of heroin.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and people were sitting outside the café enjoying the sunshine. Then the bomb went off.

“If only I hadn’t brought these watches through customs,” she thought as she sat crying in the police station.

III. What do you call the criminals who commit these crimes? Choose the words to complete the sentences:

A burglar, a smuggler, a shoplifter, an arsonist, a kidnapper, a hijacker, a thief, a forger, a mugger, a fraudster, a robber, a murderer.

1) … sets fire to buildings/forests on purpose.

2) … takes someone by force and doesn’t release them.

3) … gains money or financial benefits by a trick or by lying.

4) … breaks into a building in order to steal things.

5) … copies work of art/documents/signatures/etc/ to deceive people.

6) … takes things into or out of the country illegally.

7) … internationally kills another person.

8) …steals things from a shop while pretending to be a customer.

9) … steals money or property from a bank/shop/vehicle/etc. using force of threats.

10) … illegally takes control of a plane or other vehicle using force.

11) … steals another person’s property.

12) … attacks someone violently in a street in order to steal money from them.

 

IV. Arrange the following crimes into two groups:

a) crimes against people;

b) crimes involving things or property.

 

Murder, rape, assault causing grievous bodily harm, mugging, robbery, burglary, car theft, homicide, arson, blackmail, embezzlement, fraud, pick pocketing, shoplifting, stealing.

V. Match the beginnings and the endings of the sentences; translate the sentences.

1. Harold Jones was sent	a. before he was arrested.
2. The rapist had committed	b. several previous attacks.
3. The hijacker demanded	c. broken the law in my life.
4. He had mugged	d. you may have to pay a fine.
5. If you break the law	e. to prison for twelve years.
6. The thief stole	f. two people before.
7. I’m innocent! I’ve never	g. to be flown to another country.
8. He has committed two murders	h. diamonds worth $200.000.

 

Read and translate this text.

 

Modern Crimes

 

Many acts became criminal acts by law as the modern business world came into being in the 18-th and 19-th centuries following the Industrial revolution. This period of great change made it necessary to regulate human conduct in many new fields. Laws were passed to regulate, among other things, industry, business, trade, labor, health, welfare, taxes, and banking.

In the 20-th century came a new type of crime, known as “white-collar”, or corporate crime. “White-collar” crimes are crimes committed by business people, professionals, and politicians in the course or their occupation. Examples include conspiring with other corporation to fix prices of goods or services in order to make artificially high profits, bribing officials to obtain manufacturing licenses, constructing buildings or roads with cheap, defective materials. The term “white-collar crime” is also used to describe fraud and embezzlement. This constitutes crime for profit by the individual against the organization.

It is assumed that most crimes are committed by the poor and members of the underworld (which is organized crime). It is true that housebreaking, robbery, and similar crimes are often committed by persons in need. But sometimes well-educated people with good incomes commit crimes, usually out of greed. They sometimes use their education and talents in illegal ways to get bigger profits.

Organized crime is often based on “protection rackets” where a racketeer forces a merchant to pay money by threatening him. These protection rackets are most common in the distribution of food, in the building trades, and in transport. By organizing themselves in groups, the racketeers get better results by widening their field of operation, setting up monopolies, and guarding against competition.

Another form of organized crime has do with gambling, horse- or dog-racing, illegal lotteries, and so on. There are legalized forms of gambling in many countries and in some states of the United States, but even in those places illegal gambling takes place.

A narcotic trafficking, especially in the United States, is carried out by international groups of criminals and by local and regional groups working with international suppliers.

 

Find the English equivalents for the following words and word-combinations; memorize them:

1. по закону

2. преступление, совершенное служащим или лицом, занимающим высокое общественное положение

3. преступный мир

4. организованная преступность

5. совершать преступления из корысти

6. получать искусственно завышенную прибыль

7. покровительственный рэкет

8. заставлять кого-либо выплачивать деньги путем угрозы

9. азартная игра, запрещённая законом

10. торговля наркотиками.

 

Answer the questions:

1. When did “white-collar” crime come into being?

2. What crimes are known as “white-collar” crimes?

3. Is it right to say that most crimes are committed by the poor and members of the underground? Why?

4. What are the illegal ways to get bigger profit/

5. What is organized crime based on?

6. What are the main spheres of illegal activities for organized criminal groups?

 

UNIT 9

 

JUSTICE