Countries, languages and nationalities

Names of countries, nationalities and languages, for example, Brazil/Brazilian, Canada/Canadian,

China/Chinese, France/French, Ireland/Irish, India/Indian, Italy/Italian, Spain/Spanish, etc.

Continents

Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America.

Page 38

Appendix 2

Affixes

The words in the alphabetical list may be extended by the use of one or more of these affixes:

mini- with nouns, sometimes without a hyphen, e.g. minibus, mini-tour

non- with nouns and adjectives, e.g. non-essential

re- with verbs and their related nouns, usually without a hyphen,

e.g. rename, renaming

self- with nouns and adjectives, e.g. self-importance, self-confident

un- negative prefix, e.g. unsafe

-able with verbs, to form adjectives, e.g. affordable

-ed (-d) with verbs, to form adjectives, e.g. limited, used

-er (-r) with verbs, to form nouns, e.g. teacher, advertiser; shopper, also

comparative forms, e.g. brighter

-ese for nationalities/languages, e.g. Japanese

-ess referring to a woman or female animal, e.g. princess, lioness

N.B. it is less common to refer to women in this way nowadays,

and usually safer to use the ‘standard’ form e.g. actor, author

-est superlative forms, e.g. tallest

-ful with nouns, for amount contained, e.g. spoonful; with nouns to form

adjectives denoting characteristics or qualities, e.g. painful, peaceful

-ing with verbs, for activity or state, e.g. reading, frightening

-ish for nationalities or languages, e.g. Swedish; with nouns to form

adjectives, e.g. childish

-ist with nouns, for occupations, e.g. novelist, guitarist

-less with nouns to form adjectives, e.g. breathless

-ly with adjectives to form adverbs, e.g. seriously; with nouns to form

adjectives, e.g. friendly

-ment with verbs to form nouns, e.g. enjoyment

-or with verbs to form nouns, for people, e.g. inventor

-y with nouns to form adjectives, e.g. hairy, sunny

Page 39

Appendix 3

Topic Lists

Clothes and Accessories

backpack

belt

blouse

boot

button

cap

cloth

(rain) coat

collar

cotton

dress

dry cleaning

earring

fashion

fasten

fit (v)

fold (v)

glasses

glove

go with (phr v)

handbag

handkerchief

hat

jacket

jeans

jewellery

knit

laundry

leather

lipstick

make-up

match (v)

material

old-fashioned

(adj)

pants

pattern

perfume

plastic

pocket

pullover

put on

pyjamas

raincoat

shirt

shoe

shorts

silk

size

skirt

sleeve(less)

socks

suit

sweater

sweatshirt

swimming

costume

take off

tie

tights

tracksuit

trainers

trousers

T-shirt

sweatshirt

swimsuit

try on

underpants

umbrella

uniform

wear (out)

wool(len)

Colours

(dark/light/pale)

black

blue

brown

gold

green

grey

orange

pink

purple

red

silver

yellow

white

Communications and Technology

access

address

airmail

by post

calculator

call (v)

call back

CD (player)

CD-Rom

chat (v)

chat room

click (v)

computer

connect

connection

delete

dial

dial up

digital

directory

disc/disk

download (n &

v)

DVD (player)

electronic(s)

email

engaged

enter

envelope

equipment

fax

hang up

headline

homepage

internet

invent

invention

IT

keyboard

laptop

(computer)

laser

machine

message

mobile phone

mouse

mouse mat

network

online

operator

parcel

password

phone

postage

postcard

print

printer

program(me)

reply

ring

ring up

screen

software

switch on

switch off

telephone

text

text message

turn off

turn on

Page 40

Education

absent

advanced

arithmetic

art

bell

biology

blackboard

board

break(time)

break up

certificate

chemistry

class

classroom

college

composition

corridor

course

curriculum

degree

desk

dictionary

diploma

drama

economics

educate

elementary

essay

geography

history

handwriting

homework

intermediate

instructor

IT

laboratory (lab)

languages

lesson

mark (v)

mathematics

math(s)

music

nature studies

notice board

pencil case

photography

physics

primary school

qualification

qualify

register

science

secondary

school

state school

study (v)

subject

technology

Entertainment and Media

act (v)

action

actor

adventure

admission

advert

advertisement

article

audience

ballet

band

book

camera

cartoon

cassette (player)

CD (player)

CD-Rom

channel

cinema

circus

classical music

comedy

comedian

comic

commercial

concert

costume

dance

disc

disco

display

deejay / DJ

documentary

drama

DVD (player)

entrance

exhibition

exit

festival

film

film maker

film star

folk music

headline

hero

hit song

interview(er)

interval

jazz music

journalist

magazine

magic

MP3 player

music

news

newspaper

opera

orchestra

perform

performance

play

poem

pop music

programme

quiz

recording

review

rock music

romantic

row

scene

screen

series

stage

star

studio

television

thriller

venue

video

Environment

bottle bank

climate change

gas (Am Eng)

litter

petrol

pollution

public transport

recycle

recycled

recycling

rubbish (bin)

traffic (jam)

Page 41

Food and Drink

apple

bake (v)

banana

barbecue (n &

v)

bean

biscuit

bitter (adj)

boil (v)

bowl

bread

breakfast

buffet

butter

cabbage

cake

can (of beans)

candy

canteen

carrot

cauliflower

celery

cereal

cheese

chicken

chips

chocolate

cocoa

coconut

coffee

cola

cook (v)

cooker

cookie

corn

cream

cucumber

cup

curry

dessert

diet

dinner

dish

drink

duck

eat

egg

fish

flour

fork

French fries

fresh

fruit

fruit juice

fry

frying pan

glass

grape

grill (n & v)

honey

hot

hungry

ice cream

ingredients

jam

jug

juice

knife

lamb

lemon

lemonade

lettuce

loaf

lunch

meat

melon

menu

microwave (n)

milk

mineral water

mushroom

mustard

oil

omelette

onion

orange

pan

pasta

pastry

pea

peanut

pear

pepper

pie

pizza

plate

potato

recipe

refreshments

rice

roast (v & adj)

roll

salad

salt

sandwich

saucer

sausage

slice (n)

snack

soft drink

soup

sour

spinach

spoon

steak

strawberry

sugar

sweet (adj & n)

taste

tea

thirsty

toast

tomato

turkey

vanilla

vegetable

vegetarian

Health, Medicine and Exercise

accident

ache

ambulance

ankle

appointment

aspirin

balance

bandage

bend

bleed (v)

blood (n)

bone

break

breath

breathe

chemist

chin

clean

cold (n)

cough (n & v)

cut

damage

dentist

diet

dressing

earache

emergency

faint

feel better/ill/sick

fever

flu

get better/worse

go jogging

gym(nastics)

headache

hospital

hurt

ill

illness

injure

keep fit

knee

medicine

operate

operation

pain

painful

patient (n)

pharmacy

pill

prescription

recover

run

shoulder

skin

sore throat

stomach ache

stress

swim

tablet

take exercise

temperature

thumb

toes

toothache

walk

wound (n & v)

Page 42

Hobbies and Leisure

barbecue

camera

camp

camping

campsite

chess

club

collect(or)

collection

computer

cruise

dancing

doll

drawing

facilities

fan

fiction

keep fit

gallery

guitar

hang out

hire

jogging

join in

keen on

member(ship)

model

museum

music

opening hours

painting

picnic

playground

playing cards

quiz

sculpture

sightseeing

slide

swings

sunbathe

tent

House and Home

accommodation

address

air-conditioning

alarm (fire/car)

alarm clock

antique

apartment

armchair

balcony

basement

basin

bath

bathroom

bed

bedroom

bell

bin

blanket

blind

block (of flats)

(notice) board

bookshelf

brick

brush

bucket

bulb

candle

carpet

cassette player

ceiling

cellar

central heating

chair

channel (with

TV)

chest of drawers

chimney

cloakroom

clock

coal

computer

cooker

corridor

cottage

cupboard

curtain

cushion

desk

digital (adj)

dining room

dish

dishwasher

door

downstairs

drawer

dustbin

duvet

DVD (player)

electric(al)

entrance

fan

fence

flat

flatmate

floor

freezer

fridge

frying pan

furnished

furniture

garage

garden

gas

gate

grill

ground (floor)

hall

handle

heat (v)

hedge

hi-fi

house

housewife

housework

iron

jug

kettle

kitchen

ladder

lamp

landlady

landlord

laptop

(computer)

laundry

lavatory

lawn

lift

light

(clothes) line

living-room

lock

lounge

microwave (n)

mirror

mug

neighbour

oil

oven

pan

path

pillow

pipe

plant

plug

plug in

property

radio

refrigerator

rent

repair

roof

room

roommate

rubbish

seat

sheet

shelf

shower

sink

sitting room

sofa

stairs

step

surround

switch

table

table-cloth

tap

telephone

television

toilet

tool

towel

tower

toy

TV (screen/set)

upstairs (adv)

vase

video

video recorder

videotape

wall

wash-basin

washing

machine

wastepaper basket

WC

window

Page 43

Language

advanced

answer

argue

ask

beginner

chat

communicate

communication

elementary

email

grammar

intermediate

interpret

joke

letter

mean

meaning

mention

message

pronounce

pronunciation

question

say

sentence

shout

speak

talk

tell

translate

translation

vocabulary

word

Personal Feelings, Opinions and Experiences (Adjectives)

able

afraid

amazed

amazing

amusing

angry

annoyed

anxious

ashamed

awful

bored

boring

bossy

brave

brilliant

calm

challenging

cheerful

clever

confident

crazy

cruel

curious

delighted

depressed

difficult

disappointed

dizzy

easy

embarrassed

embarrassing

excited

exciting

fantastic

fit

fond

frightened

funny

generous

gentle

glad

guilty

happy

hard

healthy

intelligent

jealous

keen

lazy

lucky

mad

merry

miserable

negative

nervous

noisy

normal

old-fashioned

ordinary

original

patient

personal

pleasant

positive

punctual

realistic

reasonable

relaxed

reliable

rich

rude

sad

satisfied

serious

skilled

slim

smart

special

strange

strong

stupid

sure

surprised

terrible

tired

true

typical

unable

unusual

well

wonderful

Places: Buildings

apartment block/

block of flats

bank

bookshop

café

castle

cathedral

church

cinema

clinic

club

college

cottage

department

store

factory

gallery

garage

guest-house

house

hospital

hotel

kiosk

library

mosque

museum

office block

palace

police station

post office

prison

ruin

school

shop

sports centre

stadium

supermarket

swimming pool

theatre

tower

university

Page 44

Places: Countryside

area

bay

beach

canal

cliff

desert

earth

farm

field

forest

harbour

hill

island

lake

land

mountain

ocean

path

port

quay

railway

rainforest

region

river

rock

sand

scenery

sea

seaside

sky

soil

stream

valley

village

waterfall

wood

Places: Town and City

airport

bridge

bus station

bus stop

car park

city centre

corner

crossing

crossroads

fountain

market

motorway

park

pavement

petrol station

playground

road

roundabout

route

shopping centre

signpost

square

station

subway

taxi rank

tunnel

turning

underground

zoo

Services

bank

café

cinema

dentist

doctor

dry cleaner

gallery

garage

guest-house

hairdresser

hotel

library

museum

post office

restaurant

sports centre

swimming pool

theatre

Shopping

advertise

assistant

bill

book

buy

cash

change

cheap

cheque

choose

collect

complain

cost

credit card

customer

dear

deposit

exchange

expensive

hire

inexpensive

luxury

money

order

pay

price

reasonable

receipt

reduce

reduced

rent

reserve

return

save

sell

Page 45

Sport

athlete

athletics

ball

baseball

basketball

bat

boxing

champion

changing room

climbing

coach

compete

competition

court

cycling

dancing

diving

enter

fishing

fitness

football

game

goal

golf

gym(nastics)

high jump

hit (v)

hockey

horse-riding

ice hockey

instructor

jogging

join in

kick (v)

locker (room)

long jump

match

motorcycling

motor-racing

net

point(s)

practice

practise

prize

race

race track

racing

racket

reserve (n)

riding

rugby

running

sail (n & v)

sailing

score

season

shoot(ing)

shorts

skateboard

skiing

squash

stadium

surfing

swimming

table-tennis

take part

team

tennis

track

track suit

trainer(s)

train(ing)

volleyball

water skiing

Travel and Transport

abroad

accommodation

(aero)plane

bicycle/bike

airline

airport

ambulance

announcement

arrival

arrive

at sea

backpack

bag

baggage

board (v)

boarding pass

boat

border

brochure

bus

bus station

bus stop

by air

by land

by rail

by road

by sea

cab

cabin

canal

capital city

car

car alarm

car park

case

catch (v)

change (v)

charter

check in (v)

check out (v)

check-in (n)

coach

confirm

consul(ate)

crossing

crossroads

currency

customs

customs officer

cycle (n & v)

cyclist

deck (of ship)

delay

deliver

depart

departure

destination

direction

document(s)

dollar

double room

drive

driving licence

due

duty-free

embassy

euro

exchange rate

facilities

fare

ferry

flight

fly

foreign

fuel

gate

guide

guidebook

guest

guest-house

handlebars

harbour

helicopter

hitch-hike

hotel

hovercraft

hydrofoil

immigration

inn

interpret(er)

jet

journey

land (v)

lorry

lost property

(office)

luggage

map

motorbike/

motorcycle

motorway

nationality

on board

on business

on foot

on holiday

on time

on vacation

operator

overnight

overtake

parking lot

parking space

passenger

passport

path

petrol

petrol station

petrol pump

pilot

platform

railroad

railway

reception

reservation

reserve

return

ride

Page 46

road sign

roundabout

route

sail (v)

scooter

seat belt

(bus) service

ship

sightseeing

signpost

single room

speed

subway

suitcase

take off

taxi

taxi rank

terminal

tour

tourist

traffic

traffic jam

traffic lights

train

tram

translate

translation

traveller’s cheque

trip

tunnel

tyre/tire

underground

underground

train

unleaded

vehicle

visa

visit(or)

voyage

waiting-room

windscreen

The Natural World

animal

autumn

beach

bird

branch

bush

cave

cliff

climate

coal

coast

continent

countryside

desert

dolphin

duck

earth

elephant

environment

fall (Am Eng)

farmland

field

fish

flood

flower

forest

freeze

giraffe

hill

lake

land

leaf

lion

monkey

moon

mountain

mouse/mice

nature

planet

plant

pollution

rabbit

rainforest

range

river

rock

sand

scenery

shark

sky

soil

spring

star

stone

summer

sun

sunlight

sunrise

sunset

sunshine

tiger

tree

valley

waterfall

waves

wild

wildlife

winter

zebra

Weather

blow

centigrade

cloud

cloudy

cold

cool

degrees

dry

forecast

frost

fog

foggy

gale

get wet

heat

hot

ice

icy

lightning

mild

rain

shower

snow

snowfall

storm

sun

sunny

sunshine

temperature

thermometer

thunder(storm)

wet

wind

windy

Page 47

Work and Jobs

(travel) agent

actor

actress

application

apply

architect

army

artist

assistant

athlete

banker

boss

businessman

businesswoman

butcher

cameraman

candidate

canteen

captain

career

chef

chemist

colleague

comedian

company

conference

consul/consulate

contract

cook

crew

curriculum vitae

/ CV

customs officer

dancer

dentist

department

designer

detective

diploma

director

diver

doctor

employ (v)

employee

employer

employment

engineer

farmer

film star

fireman

flight attendant

full time

factory

farm

flight attendant

greengrocer

grocer

guard

hairdresser

housewife

housework

instructor

interpreter

journalist

judge

laboratory

labourer

lawyer

lecturer

librarian

manager

mechanic

model

musician

newsagent

novelist

nurse

occupation

office

officer (e.g.

prison/police)

operator

out of work

owner

part time

pension(er)

photographer

physician

pilot

poet

policeman

police officer

policewoman

politician

porter

postman

presenter (e.g.

TV/radio)

president

priest

profession

professional

professor

(computer)

programmer

publisher

qualification

quit

reporter

retire

retirement

sailor

salary

sales assistant

salesman

saleswoman

scientist

secretary

security guard

servant

shopkeeper/

shop assistant

soldier

staff

taxi driver

teacher

trade

unemployed

wage(s)

waiter/waitress