Задайте пять вопросов по содержанию текста.

Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2-3 предложения).

Составьте реферат текста (10-15 предложений).

 

5. Выскажите свое мнение по проблемам, изложенным в тексте:

Обозначение проблемы

Анализ различных мнений по проблеме (С одной стороны…, с другой стороны….)

Выводы (ваше отношение и решение проблемы)

Заключение.

 

Вариант №6

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Handling operations occur in practically all production processes. At first they were carried out manually, but then the development of hardware components made it possible to relieve people from the necessity of handling heavy loads.

From this standpoint the industrial robot is not something supernatural. It is only the most perfect form of the technique used in handling processes. Their purpose is not only to substitute or imitate manual actions of human beings, but also to perform production processes more quickly and better than a man.

Robots fill the gap between special-purpose automation and human endeavor. They have demonstrated an ability to perform work that requires simple repetitive motions and, therefore, can relieve human operators from hazardous or monotonous tasks.

Terms like "teachable", and "programme-controlled" often are applied to robots. However, robots are best understood in terms of their real capabilities. Essentially, they are "off-the-shelf" automation. It is the robot's ability to be easily taught or reprogrammed that distinguishes it from other types of automated handling equipment.

Robot is one of the very few Slav words (in this case Czech) borrowed in the different languages. It comes from the Old Slav word "robu", which means a servant. In modern Slav, the word "robotnik" means workman and is linked to the Russian word for work, "rabota.

Industrial robots are helping to eliminate the hazards involved when workers put their fingers in metalworking presses, are subjected to long exposures of toxic materials, must load and unload parts from processing furnaces, or lift heavy loads. According to GOST 25686-85 the industrial robot as defined as "an automatic machine, stationary or mobile, comprising actuator in the form of a manipulator which has some degrees of motion and a reprogrammable device of program control to perform movement and control functions in the production process".

The industrial robot as considered here, is a general-purpose, programmable, parts-handling machine that will also control and synchronize the equipment or production machinery with which it works. As with a human it can be "taught" a job, can "remember" instructions it has been given, can be "retaught" when the job content changes, and can be transferred to a different job when the first job ends.

Today, more than 100 companies around the world produce industrial robots and several thousand robots have been installed in factories in the Soviet Union and other countries.

Industrial robots are powerful tools for increasing productivity and profitability and for solving problems of worker safety and poor working conditions and they are available now in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and capabilities.

Modern predecessors of robots were different kinds of apparatus for handling objects at a distance, because human contact with such objects is hazardous or impossible. The first such manipulators were developed between 1940-1950 for application in the atomic industry. Such manipulators were also applied in deep-sea technology, metallurgy and other branches of industry.

The first robot for industrial application appeared on the USA market in 1962. The term "industrial robot" appeared at the same time. The first serious results in robot design and its application in industry were achieved in the sixties in the USSR. The first under-water computer-controlled automatic manipulator was designed in 1968. The first samples of modern industrial robots in the USSR were designed in 1971 (УМ-1, Универсал-50).