Навчально-методичні рекомендації до практичних занять з англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням 


Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!



ЗНАЕТЕ ЛИ ВЫ?

Навчально-методичні рекомендації до практичних занять з англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням



НАВЧАЛЬНО-МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ДО ПРАКТИЧНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ

для студентів 2 курсу

Галузь знань 0305 «Економіка та підприємництво»

Спеціальність 5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»

 

Одеса-2012


 

Укладачі: Беньковська Н.Б. – викладач

 

Рецензент: к.ф.н., доцент кафедри перекладу Одеського Національного Університету ім. І.І. Мечнікова Коваленко О.В.

 

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри

_____________________________

Протокол № 10 від 10.05.2012р.

Зав. кафедри соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін ____________________ в.о.доц., к.політ.н. – Л.О. Малишенко


ЗМІСТ

1. Вступ.............................................................................................. 4

Тема 1. Фінансові професії................................................................ 5

Тема 2. Плани на майбутнє................................................................ 7

Тема 3. Економічні відносини України з Великобританією.......... 10

Тема 4. Економіка великобританії.................................................. 12

Тема 5. Написання CV..................................................................... 15

Тема 6. Ділове листування............................................................... 19

Тема 7. Нові технології у світі бізнесу............................................ 25

Тема 8. Нові технології у світі бізнесу............................................ 27

2. Література.................................................................................. 29

Вступ

Соціально-економічні та культурні тенденції розвитку сучасного суспільства викликають необхідність навчання студентів іноземної мови як важливого засобу міжкультурного спілкування. Оволодіння іноземною мовою надає додаткові можливості для самореалізації особистості в сучасних умовах. Цілі навчання іноземних мов зорієнтовані на розвиток іншомовної комунікативної компетенції (мовленнєвої, мовної, соціокультурної, навчально-пізнавальної) та розвиток і виховання студентів засобами іноземної мови.

Дисципліна «Англійська мова за професійним спрямуванням»,що вивчається в Одеському інституті фінансів як і в інших вищих навчальних закладах передбачає вивчення всіх мовних навичок та закріплення їх.

Мета рекомендацій – набування студентами практичних знань за визначеними тематиками, вивчення та закріплення загальної термінології. Система вправ методичних рекомендацій до практичних занять забезпечує ефективне засвоєння студентами необхідних знань та вмінь.

Методичні рекомендації складено відповідно до робочої програми підготовки молодших спеціалістів 2 курсу фінансово-економічного факультету, які містять навчальні матеріали для проведення практичних занять та самостійної роботи. Робота з текстами, виконання лексичних вправ та завдань сприятиме активному засвоєнню програмового матеріалу. До методичних рекомендацій додається список використаної та рекомендованої літератури.


ТЕМА І. ФІНАНСОВІ ПРОФЕСІЇ

I. Read and translate the following text.

Financial Careers

What am I going to do after school or university? Maybe I should consider a job in the financial world. There's a surprisingly wide range to choose from. For example, I could raise money for charities or sell famous paintings or write about economics as a financial journalist or run my own company or...

Fund-raiser. There are thousands of different charities these days — e. g. "for children", "cancer research", "the disabled", "the third world", "AIDS research". They all do important work and they all need to raise funds (collect money).

That's why they employ fund-raisers. What does the job involve? Well, it's very varied, but basically fund-raisers organize special events like concerts and fun runs, ask governments for money, try to get support from local companies and organizations.

Most major charities have fund-raising departments, which employ teams of workers. Some of these people do office work — others organize publicity, visit companies or arrange special events. Sounds interesting?

Tycoon. A wealthy and powerful person in business or industry. If you are the independent, creative type, why not start your own business? Lots of people do these days. Some aren't successful, of course, but plenty are — and if you do succeed, the rewards of being your own boss can be enormous. To become a business tycoon you need to have an original idea; be practical, reliable and well-organized; understand the business world; keep control of your finances. After that it's all a question of hard work and luck, but then that's the key to success in any job.

Financial journalist. Financial journalists work in three main areas — newspapers, radio and television. Their job is to understand what's happening in the financial world and explain it as quickly and accurately as possible. Economic journalists don't just report today's news, though. They need the ability to predict future events, too. Will interest rates rise or fall? Will the stock market go up or down? And what about trade... are exports going to increase or decrease?

To become a financial journalist you train as a general reporter first. Then you specialise in finance and economics. And when you've done that? Well, if you are lucky you'll get a job in the media. One word of warning, though — financial journalism is a very competitive career. In Britain, for example, there are only 2,000 jobs available.

Auctioneer. Two of the best-known auction houses in the world are Christie's and Sotheby's. The auctioneer who works there regularly sells famous paintings worth millions of pounds. But you'd be wrong to think that auctioneers just sell Rembrands and Van Goghs. It's much more varied career than that. Some auctioneers sell farm animals, for example. Others sell houses, antique furniture or even rock'n'roll "memorabilia" (i. e. guitars, cars, clothes etc, which ones belonged to pop stars). And what does it take to be a good auctioneer? Well, three qualities are absolutely essential — a calm personality, a quick mind and (last but not least) a strong voice.

Dealer. Dealers work for companies which buy and sell foreign currencies, commodities like oil or steel. They work in large, noisy rooms, called dealing rooms and do most of their business over the phone and on computer screens. The majority of them are under 35. The majority of them also earn very big salaries because their work involves huge amounts of pressure and responsibility. You don't need a degree to be a dealer. What you do need, though, is talent, energy, confidence and ambition.

 

Vocabulary

cancer ['kænsə] — мед. рак

disabled [dɪs'eɪbld] — інвалід

to involve [ɪn'vɔlv] — втягувати; спричинювати, полягати

tycoon [taɪ'ku:n] — промисловий або фінансовий магнат

to predict [prɪ'dɪkt] — передбачати

Will interest rates rise or fall? — Підвищуватимуться чи знижуватимуться процентні ставки?

to increase [ɪn'kri:s] — збільшуватися

to decrease [di:'kri:s] — зменшуватися

auctioneer [ɔ:kʃə'nɪə] — аукціоніст

dealer ['dilə] — ділер, торговельний агент

 

ІІ. Answer the following questions:

1. What are you going to do after school?

2. What jobs can you choose in the financial world?

3. What charities are there these days? What work do they do? What does the job involve?

4. Who is tycoon?

5. How to become a business tycoon?

6. Where do financial journalists work? What does their job involve?

7. What do, you need to become a financial journalist?

8. What are two of the best-known auction houses in the world?

9. What does it take to be a good auctioneer?

10. What companies do dealers work for?


ТЕМА ІІ. ПЛАНИ НА МАЙБУТНЄ.

I. Read the following words.

Economist, cashier, financier, society, important, book-keeper, special, saving, busy, realize, corner-stone, science, economics, specialty.

 

II. Read and translate the following text.

I аm а Student

I am Kovalenko Katya. So, I am a student now. I’m a first-year student of the day-time department. I’ve entered State Tax Service Academy of Ukraine after finishing a secondary school. You know, that was my dream to enter this Institute. No wonder, as all members of our family are economists.

My father taught me to understand and love mathematics. I realize now mathematics is a corner-stone of all sciences. My father works as a financier at the Planning Economic Department of the plant.

My mother is a book-keeper at a book-keeping department of the factory. She likes her specialty very much. I love a sister. She is twenty. And she is also an economist. She works as a cashier at the post-office savings-bank. She combines her work with studies at the Institute. She is a second-year student of non-resident instruction at this Institute.

As you see, I took my parents’ way. I worked hard to pass my entrance examinations well. And now I’ve become a happy member of the great, young family of students.

Many new things and notions came into my life with it. At first, I didn’t know what they meant. Now I became familiar with such words as “a freshman”, “a sophomore”, “an undergraduate” and such terms as “a period”, “a seminar”, “labworks”. I know what it means “to make notes”, “to pass thousands”, etc.

I’m still to know more, and first of all how to save time to be able to not only study well, but to take an active part in the students’ life, to join some students’ scientific society and to sing in our Academy choir, to become a member of our Academy famous football team and to visit interesting students’ evening-parties.

I’m fond of everything at my Academy. I like its great beautiful building, sport complex, its lecture halls, laboratories, and studies.

I’m a freshman, as they call the first-year students. It’ll take time to take time to know everything about our Academy.

 

Comments

1. a student of the day-time department – студент денного відділення; syn. a student of resident instruction; a full-time student

2. no wonder – не дивно

3. all the members – всі члени; syn. whole – увесь; remember: the whole world but all the students; the whole family but all the books

4. the Planning Economic Department – планово-економічний відділ

5. a book-keeper – бухгалтер; syn. – an accountant; a book-keeping department – бухгалтерія

6. a cashier – касир; syn. a teller; cash – гроші (готівка) syn. money

7. the post-office savings-bank – ощадбанк на поштампі

8. non-resident instruction – заочне навчання; syn. extra-mural education, education by correspondence

9. to take somebody’s way – піти чиїмось шляхом

10. at first – спочатку; first of all – перш за все

11....became familiar with... – дізналась

12. a freshman – a first-year student; a sophomore – a second-year student; undergraduate – student of senior courses

13. I’m still to know more –я маю дізнатись ще більше

14. to join some students’ scientific society – стати членом сту­дентського наукового гуртка

to join the army – піти до армії

to join a team – увійти до складу команди (спортивної)

15. students’ evening-parties – студентські вечори

16. a lot more – багато іншого; a lot of – багато

a lot of books, a lot of time

syn. many, much, a great deal of, plenty of

17. to be fond of – любити, подобатись; syn. to like

18. like – подібно як; to be like – бути схожим

He is like his father – Він схожий з батьком.

He likes skating – Він любить кататися на ковзанах

He is a student like me – Він, як і я, студент

19. it’ll take time – знадобиться час

 

III. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following.

1. the planning economic department 1. студент першого курсу

2. the post-office savings-bank 2. денне відділення

3. a sophomore 3. вступати до інституту

4. a book-keeping department 4. планово-економічний відділ

5. to take one’s parents’ way 5. бухгалтерія

6. a freshman 6. ощадбанк на поштамті

7. to pass ”thousands” 7. студент другого курсу

8. the day-time department 8. піти шляхом батьків

9. a lot more 9. студент старшого курсу

10. an undergraduate 10. здавати ”тисячі”

11. to enter the Institute 11. студентський науковий гурток

12.it’ll take time to know 12. ще більше

13.students’ scientific society 13. знадобиться час, щоб дізнатися

 

 

IV. Use the words and word combinations given in Ex.III in the sentences of your own.

V. Translate the following sentences.

А) 1. He took his brother’s way and became an economist. 2. How much does it take you to get to the Institute? It takes me ten minutes. 3. How much will it take you to get to Lviv by train? It will take me 14 hours. 4. It will take him two hours to translate this article. 5. He takes after his father. 6. When going to the Institute he takes a bus. 7. She took the shortest way to get to the library. 8. It’ll take time to forget this event.

B) 1. He is like his father. 2. He likes Political Economy very much. 3. My friend does this work like me. 4. It looks like snow. 5. This book costs something like 1 dollar. 6. They mustn’t talk like that. 7. He was running like a sportsman. 8. My sister likes dancing. 9. I should like to take my father’s way. 10. He should like to be the first student in his group.

C) 1. I’ll join you in your work. 2. My friend joined the National Guard. 3. The best students of our group joined Scientific Societies. 4. My junior brother will soon join the school volley-ball team.

 

VI. Complete the following sentences.

1. Kate has become a student of.... 2. All the members of her family are.... 3. Her father works as.... 4. Her sister works.... 5. Kate... worked hard to pass.... 6. She became familiar with.... 7. Kate is still to know how.... 8. She will take an active part in....

 

VII. Say if it is right.

1. Kate’s dream was to enter the Medical institute. 2. Kate’s mother is a doctor. She works at a hospital. 3. Kate’s sister works at a plant. She is a freshman. 4. Kate didn’t take her parents’ way. 5. Kate doesn’t know what it means ”to make notes”, ”to pass thousands”.

 

VIII. Answer the following questions.

1. What higher school has Kate entered? 2. Is she a sophomore or a freshman? 3. Whose way did she take? 4. What are all the members of her family? 5. Who taught her to understand and love mathematics? 6. Where does Kate’s father work? 7. What is Kate’s mother? 8. What does Kate’s sister work as? 9. Is Kate’s sister a full-time student? 10. Why did Kate pass her entrance exams well? 11. What did Kate become familiar with? 12. What is Kate still to know more? 13. What does it mean to take an active part in the student’s life at the Institute? 14. What does Kate like at the Academy?

 

IX. Speak about yourself using the lexics of the text.


British Economy

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest exporters of manufactured goods per head of population. For every person employed in agriculture eleven people are employed in mining, manufacturing and building.

Apart from coal and iron ore Britain has very few natural resources. Its agriculture provides only half the food it needs. Most of if the raw materials such as oil and various metals (copper zinc, uranium ore and others) have to be imported. Britain also has to import timber, cotton, fruit and farm products.

Britain used to be richly forested, but most of the forests were cut down to make more room for cultivation. The greater part of land is used for cattle and sheep breeding, and pig raising. Among the crops grown on the farms are wheat, barley and oats. The fields are mainly in the eastern part of the country. Most of the farms are small. Farms tend to be bigger where the soil is less fertile.

Britain produces high quality expensive goods, which has always been characteristic of its industry. A shortage of raw materials, as well as the high cost of production makes it unprofitable for British industry to produce semi-finished goods or cheap articles. Britain mostly produces articles, requiring skilled labour, precision instruments, and chemicals. Britain high quality consumer goods and articles made of various kinds of synthetic (man-made) materials.

The original basis of British industry was coal mining, and the early factories grew up not far from the main mining areas.

Glasgow and Newcastle became great centers of engineering and shipbuilding. Lancashire produced cotton goods and Yorkshire woolens, with Sheffield concentrating on iron and steel. Birmingham developed light engineering. There appeared a tendency for industry and population to move to the south, particularly to the London area. Britain’s industry is now widely dispersed. Great progress was made in the development of new industries, such as the aircraft, automobile, electronic industries and others. A number of atomic power reactors were made.

Great emphasis was made on the development of the war industry.

Comments

1. manufactured goods – промислові товари

2. per head of population – на душу населення

3. apart of smth. – крім чогось

4. used to be smth. – був кимось колись

5. used to do smth. – робив щось колись

6. to make room for smth. – звільняти простір (місце) для чогось

7. to breed smth. – розводити, вирощувати (тварин)

8. to tend to do smth. – мати тенденцію робити щось

9. article – виріб, товар, предмет виробництва

10. to require smth. (doing smth.) – вимагати, потребувати чогось (робити щось)

11. precision instruments – точні інструменти

12. to be widely dispersed – широко розповсюджуватись

13. to make emphasis on smth. – надавати чомусь особливого значення, приділяти комусь особливу увагу

 

III. Find the English in the right-hand column for the following.

1. недостатня кількість сировини 1. raw materials

2. дорогі товари високої якості 2. various metals

3. свинарство 3. to be richly forested

4. вівчарство (розведення овець) 4. to import timber

5. ввозити деревину 5. to make room for smth.

6. бути багатим на ліси 6. sheep breeding

7. різноманітні метали 7. pig raising

8. сировина 8. high quality expensive goods

9. звільняти місце 9. shortage of raw materials

10. військова промисловість 10. semi-finished goods

11. синтетичні матеріали 11. precision instruments

12. точні інструменти 12. electronic equipment

13. атомний реактор 13. man-made materials

14. електронне обладнання 14. the original basis

15. напівфабрикати 15. atomic power reactor

16. початкова основа 16. war industry

 

IV. Complete the following sentences.

1. Great Britain is rich in.... 2. Britain has very few.... 3. Britain also has to import.... 4. Most of the forests were cut down to.... 5. Among the crops grown on the farms are.... 6. Britain produces high quality.... 7. Britain mostly produces article requiring.... 8. Britain produces and exports.... 9. The original basis of British industry was.... 10. Great emphasis was made on the development of the....

 

V. Say if it is right.

1. The United Kingdom is the largest exporter of manufactured good. 2. Britain is rich in very few natural resources. 3. Britain has to import coal and iron ore. 4. The greater part of land is used for sheep breeding, pig raising and flower growing. 5. Britain produces high quality cheap goods. 6. Britain mostly produces articles requiring skilled labour, precision instruments and electronic equipment. 7. Britain exports cotton and woolen goods but not leather goods. 8. Coal mining was the original basis of British industry. 9. Aircraft, automobile and electronic industries are new Britain’s industries. 10. Glasgow is famous for engineering and shipbuilding.

 

VI. Fill in the blanks with prepositions.

1. Britain produces goods and articles made... various kinds of synthetic materials. 2. For every person employed... agriculture, eleven people are employed... mining, manufacturing and building. 3. Most... the raw materials have to be imported. 4. The fields are mainly... eastern part... the country. 5. A shortage... raw materials makes it unprofitable... British industry to produce semi-finished goods or cheap articles. 6. Sheffield is concentrating... iron and steel. 7. A present industry has a tendency to move... the south, particularly... the London area.

 

VII. Answer the following questions.

1. What natural resources does Great Britain have?

2. What raw materials does Britain import?

3. Why does Britain have to import raw materials?

4. What does Britain export?

5. What is the characteristic feature of British industry?

6. Why is it unprofitable for Britain to produce semi-finished goods or cheap articles?

7. What are the main articles produced by British industry?

8. What are Britain’s traditional industries?

9. What are Britain’s main industries today?

10. What are the main industrial centres of Great Britain?

11. What are the main branches of British agriculture?

12. What is the greater part of land used for?

 

VIII. Speak on the text “British Economy”.


ТЕМА V. НАПИСАННЯ CV.

I. Read the following text.

How to write a resume

No matter what method of job hunting you use, inevitably somebody will ask you for a resume. Most companies require a resume before seriously considering a job candidate from the outside. Resumes are sometimes also required in order to receive a job transfer within a company. The purpose of a resume is to help you obtain a job interview, not a job. Very few people are hired without a personal interview. Effective resumes are straightforward, factual presentations of a person's experience and accomplishments. They are neither overdetailed nor too sketchy. A general rule is that two or three pages in length is best. One page seems too superficial; a four-page (or longer) resume may irritate an impatient employment official. Some writers suggest that a chronological (the standard-type) resume be used; others argue for an accomplishment resume. A useful resume should include both your experiences and key accomplishments. When sent to a prospective employer, a resume should be professionally reproduced, with particular attention to misspellings, typographical errors, and careful spacing. To attract attention, some job seekers print resumes on tinted paper, in a menu-like folder, or on unusual-sized paper. If done in a way to attract positive attention to yourself, these approaches have merit.

 

Vocabulary

inevitably [ɪn'evitəblɪ] — неминуче, неодмінно

to require [n'kwaɪə] — вимагати

to hire ['haɪə] — наймати, брати на роботу

accomplishment [ə'kʌmplɪʃmənt] — виконання; досягнення

superficial [,sju:pə'fɪʃ(ə)l] — поверховий

to irritate ['ɪrɪteɪt] — дратувати

tinted ['tɪntɪd] paper — тоновий кольоровий папір

merit ['merɪt] — гідність

 

CHRONOLOGICAL RESUME

Mrs Helen Voroshilova ap. 12, 18 Lenina Str., Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine

Years of study Education
  Special Programming Training Courses. Certificate
  Specialized Training Courses for Professional Improvement of Technical Engineering Workers at Kharkiv House of Engineering. Certificate
1966-1972 Kharkiv Aviation University. Diploma for Radio Equipment Designing and Manufacture
1954-1966 Kharkiv Secondary School No 100. Certificate
Years of work Employment
1994 -till present Place of work. ENERGOSBEREZHENIE International Consortium. Position: Engineer-programmer
  1. Software development of the group control, controller for asynchronous engines. 2. Development of the circuits and switching devices control programme in connection with an object of control. 3. Software development within take-over and turnover tests system for asynchronous engines. Programming is made under ASSEMBLER language.
1993-1994 Place of work. ENERGETICHESKAYA ELECTRONICA State Small Business. Position-. Engineer-programmer
  Programmed problems: 1. Regular software modelling of engine management controllers on personal computers. 2. Development of engine control electronic devices. Programming is made under ASSEMBLER language.
1993-1974 Place of work: KOMMUNAR Production Association Position: Electronics engineer Programmed problems: 1. Maintenance of electronic equipment for automatic process control production systems of multilayer printed-circuit cards. 2. Maintenance of electronic equipment for automatic process control system of vacuum spraying current-conducting layers of printed-circuit cards. 3. Maintenance of electronic equipment of automatic process control system of galvanic lines.

Supervising experience

All the posts were connected with necessity of brain-work and technical supervising.

Sociability

Effectiveness in communication with the staff of employees. The capability to be on good terms with people, to handle with tact the human conflicts in the labour relations. Fluent skills in Ukrainian and Russian.

Special skills

The ability to work as the engineer-technologist, having a good understanding in this field. Certificate for clothes sewing and modelling.

 

 

CURRICULUM VITAE

Surname Arkusha
First name Yury
Date of birth 9th January, 1969
Place of birth Markovka, Lugansk Reg.
Nationality Ukrainian
Religion Orthodox
Personal status Married
Children Daughter Olga, 1993
Profession Pharmaceutist
Present occupation Head and pharmaceutical chemist of pharmacy No 2 of "FORMA LTD" Research and Production Medical and Stomatological Company of Lugansk
Language proficiency Ukrainian: mother tongue Russian: reading, writing, speaking — well English: reading, writing — with the help of dictionaries
Education • Ukrainian Pharmaceutical academy (Kharkiv), from 1987 to 1993, majors: nine subjects in chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical and factory technology of medicine production, organization and economics of pharmacy, marketing and management • Secondary School No 9 (Belovodsk, Lugansk Reg.), from 1976 to 1986
Working experience • Head and pharmaceutical chemist, Pharmacy No 2 of "Forma Ltd" Research and Production Medical and Stomatological Company of Lugansk, from 1997 • Head and pharmaceutical chemist, Pharmacy No 2 of "Doctor Watson" Pharmaceutical Centre, from 1996 to 1997
  • Pharmaceutical chemist, Pharmacy No 2 of "Doctor Watson" Pharmaceutical Centre, 1996 • Commercial Director and Pharmaceutical Chemist, Lugansk branch office of "Askol'd" Private Business, Wholesale and Retail Sale in Medicines, from 1995 to 1996 • Deputy Head, Reception Department of Lugansk Regional Pharmaceutical Warehouse, from 1993 to 1995 • Military Service, as a part of Academic Studies, from 1988 to 1989 • Turner of II Grade in Metal, Specialized Mobile Column No 48 (Belovodsk, Lugansk Reg.), from 1986 to 1987
Personal features Easy to contact and communicate, active, sociable, enterprising
Driving license and experience ABK No. 483953 of 1988, ABC categories, experience of car and truck driving
Contact address Ap. 35, 9 Dzerzhyns'kyi kvartal, Lugansk 349040
Contact telephone (0642) 22 33 99 (Home)
Remarks All the members of my family deal with medicine. My wife has got higher pharmaceutical education and works as a pharmaceutical chemist in a commercial pharmacy. My mother, father and elder brother have got higher medical education and all work as doctors in hospital and out patient clinics

I declare that all the responses and information given here are true and correct.

DATE SIGNATURE

ІV. Write your own curriculum vitae.


ТЕМА VІ. ДІЛОВЕ ЛИСТУВАННЯ.

 

I. Read the following text.

Business letters in English

Business letters are formal paper communications between, to or from businesses and usually sent through the Post Office or sometimes by courier. Business letters are sometimes called "snail-mail" (in contrast to email which is faster). This lesson concentrates on business letters but also looks at other business correspondence. It includes:

- Letter

- Memo

- Fax

- Email.

Why write Business Letters?

There are many reasons why you may need to write business letters or other correspondence:

- to persuade

- to inform

- to request

- to express thanks

- to remind

- to recommend

- to apologize

- to congratulate

- to reject a proposal or offer

- to introduce a person or policy

- to invite or welcome

- to follow up

- to formalize decisions.

Read through the following pages to learn more about the different types of business letters, and how to write them. You will learn about formatting, planning, and writing letters, as well as how to spot your own errors. These pages are designed to help you write business letters and correspondence, but they will also help you learn to read, and therefore respond to, the letters you receive. You will also find samples that you can use and alter for your own needs.

 

Business Letter Vocabulary

attachment extra document or image that is added to an email
block format most common business letter format, single spaced, all paragraphs begin at the left margin
body the content of the letter; between the salutation and signature
bullets small dark dots used to set off items in an unnumbered list
certified mail important letters that sender pays extra postage for in order to receive a notice of receipt
coherent logical; easy to understand
concise gets to the point quickly
confidential, personal private
diplomacy, diplomatic demonstrating consideration and kindness
direct mail, junk mail marketing letters addressed to a large audience
double space format where one blank line is left between lines of text
enclosure extra document or image included with a letter
formal uses set formatting and business language, opposite of casual
format the set up or organization of a document
heading a word or phrase that indicates what the text below will be about
indent extra spaces (usually 5) at the beginning of a paragraph
informal casual
inside address recipient's mailing information
justified margins straight and even text, always begins at the same place
letterhead specialized paper with a (company) logo or name printed at the top
logo symbol or image that identifies a specific organization
margin a blank space that borders the edge of the text
memorandum (memo) document sent within a company (internal), presented in short form
modified block format left justified as block format, but date and closing are centred
on arrival notation notice to recipient that appears on an envelope (e.g. "confidential")
postage the cost of sending a letter through the Post Office
proofread read through a finished document to check for mistakes
punctuation marks used within or after sentences and phrases (e.g. periods, commas)
reader-friendly easy to read
recipient the person who receives the letter
right ragged format in which text on the right side of the document ends at slightly different points (not justified)
salutation greeting in a letter (e.g. "Dear Mr Jones")
sensitive information content in a letter that may cause the receiver to feel upset
semi-block format paragraphs are indented, not left-justified
sincerely term used before a name when formally closing a letter
single spaced format where no blanks lines are left in-between lines of text
spacing blank area between words or lines of text
tone the feeling of the language (e.g. serious, enthusiastic)
transitions words or phrases used to make a letter flow naturally (e.g. "furthermore", "on the other hand")

Writing a Business Letter

The term "business letter" makes people nervous. Many people with English as a second language worry that their writing is not advanced enough for business writing. This is not the case. An effective letter in business uses short, simple sentences and straightforward vocabulary. The easier a letter is to read, the better. You will need to use smooth transitions so that your sentences do not appear too choppy.

Salutation

First and foremost, make sure that you spell the recipient's name correctly. You should also confirm the gender and proper title. Use Ms. for women and Mr. for men. Use Mrs. if you are 100% sure that a woman is married. Under less formal circumstances or after a long period of correspondence it may be acceptable to address a person by his or her first name. When you don't know the name of a person and cannot find this information out you may write, "To Whom It May Concern". It is standard to use a comma (colon in North America) after the salutation. It is also possible to use no punctuation mark at all. Here are some common ways to address the recipient:

Dear Mr Powell,

Dear Ms Mackenzie,

Dear Frederick Hanson:

Dear Editor-in-Chief:

Dear Valued Customer

Dear Sir or Madam:

Dear Madam

Dear Sir,

Dear Sirs

Gentlemen:

First paragraph

In most types of business letter it is common to use a friendly greeting in the first sentence of the letter. Here are some examples:

I hope you are enjoying a fine summer.

Thank you for your kind letter of January 5th.

I came across an ad for your company in The Star today.

It was a pleasure meeting you at the conference this month.

I appreciate your patience in waiting for a response.

After your short opening, state the main point of your letter in one or two sentences:

I'm writing to enquire about...

I'm interested in the job opening posted on your company website.

Second and third paragraphs

Use a few short paragraphs to go into greater detail about your main point. If one paragraph is all you need, don't write an extra paragraph just to make your letter look longer. If you are including sensitive material, such as rejecting an offer or informing an employee of a layoff period, embed this sentence in the second paragraph rather than opening with it. Here are some common ways to express unpleasant facts:

We regret to inform you...

It is with great sadness that we...

After careful consideration we have decided...

Final paragraph

Your last paragraph should include requests, reminders, and notes on enclosures. If necessary, your contact information should also be in this paragraph. Here are some common phrases used when closing a business letter:

I look forward to...

Please respond at your earliest convenience.

I should also remind you that the next board meeting is on February 5th.

For futher details...

If you require more information...

Thank you for taking this into consideration.

I appreciate any feedback you may have.

Enclosed you will find...

Feel free to contact me by phone or email.

Closing

Here are some common ways to close a letter. Use a comma between the closing and your handwritten name (or typed in an email). If you do not use a comma or colon in your salutation, leave out the comma after the closing phrase:

Yours truly,

Yours sincerely,

Sincerely,

Sincerely yours

Thank you,

Best wishes

All the best,

Best of luck

Warm regards,

Writing Tips

Use a conversational tone.

Ask direct questions.

Double-check gender and spelling of names.

Use active voice whenever possible.

Use polite modals (would in favour of will).

Always refer to yourself as "I".

Don't use "we" unless it is clear exactly who the pronoun refers to.

Rewrite any sentence or request that sounds vague.

Don't forget to include the date. Day-Month-Year is conventional in many countries; however, to avoid confusion, write out the month instead of using numbers (e.g. July 5th, 2007)

 

Problems of Youth

Life used to be fun for 'teenagers'. They used to have money to spend, and free time to spend it in. They used to wear teenage clothes, and meet in teenage coffee bars and discos. Some of them still do. But for many young people, life is harder now. Jobs are difficult to find. There's not so much money around. Things are more expensive, and it's hard to find a place to live.

Teachers say that students work harder than they used to. They are less interested in politics, and more interested in passing exams. They know that good exam results may get them better jobs.

Most young people worry more about money than their parents did twenty years ago. They try to spend less and save more. They want to be able to get homes of their own one day.

For some, the answer to unemployment is to leave home and look for work in one of Britain's big cities. Every day hundreds of young people arrive in London from other parts of Britain, looking for jobs. Some find work, and stay. Others don't find it, and go home again, or join the many unemployed in London. There used to be one kind of teenage fashion, one style, one top pop group. Then, the girls all wore mini-skirts and everyone danced to the music of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.

But now an eighteen-year-old might be a punk, with green hair and chains round his legs, or a skin head, with short, short hair and right wing politics, or a 'rasta', with long uncombed hair and a love for Africa. There's a lot of different music around too. There's reggae, the West Indian sound, there's rock, there's heavy metal, country and western, and disco. All these kinds of music are played by different groups and listened to by different fans.

When you read the newspapers and watch the news on television, it's easy to get the idea that British young people are all unemployed, angry and in trouble.

But that's not true. Three quarters of them do more or less what their parents did. They do their best at school, find some kind of work in the end, and get married in their early twenties. They get on well with their parents, and enjoy family life. They eat fish and chips, watch football on TV, go to the pub, and like reading about pop stars. After all, if they didn't, they wouldn't be British, would they?

Vocabulary:

used to — раніше, бувало (+ infinitive to talk about things that happened regularly in past, but have changed now)

teenager — підліток, юнак

to worry — турбувати(ся), хвилювати(ся)

unemployment — безробітниця

chain — ланцюг

rasta від rastafari — растафарі (назва секти ямайських негрів)

do one's best — зробити якомога краще, проявити максимум енергії

get on well with — в ладу з

 

Computers in my life

Computer studies is a subject in many schools. Many young people have personal computers. Ninety-six per cent of them are males of all ages. All of them spend an average of twenty hours per week on home computers. The majority of the adults also use computers at work. About one in three hundred computer owners, so-called computer addicts, spend almost all his time using computers. All the computer addicts are very educated. They have been interested in science and technology from a very early age and they are usually very shy people who like being alone.

A survey in a school showed that fewer girls are interested in computers because girls are less likely to have a computer. Even if they have one, they use them less frequently than boys. Possibly it is because we think of computers as something to do with Math and science, which are traditionally "male" subjects. Possibly it is because most of the computer teachers are men, who give the girls less attention. Possibly parents think it is less important for girls to have computer skills.

Computer addicts love debugging, develop programs and love learning programming languages. They learnt to communicate with other users through computer networks and the people they met in school and work think of them as experts who could help and advise when they had problems with their machines. A few spend their time “hacking” and one addict left a message on a computer of Buckingham House. Very few computer addicts play computer games, but many people use a computer exclusively for games.

Some parents worry about computer games because they think their children won't be able to communicate with real people in the real world. But parents do not need to worry. According to research computer addicts usually do well after they have left school. Parents also do not need to worry that computer addiction will make their children become unfriendly and unable to communicate with people. It is not the computer that makes them shy. In fact, what they know about computers improves their social lives. They become experts and others come to them for help and advice.

For most children computer games are a craze. Like any other craze, such as skate-boarding, the craze is short-lived. It provides harmless fun and a chance to escape.

If we didn't have these computer addicts, we wouldn't have modern technology. They are the inventors of tomorrow.

 

Vocabulary

male [meɪl] — чоловік; чоловічий

average ['æv(ə)rɪdʒ] — середній

majority [mə'dʒɔrɪtɪ] — більшість

owner ['əunə] — власник

to addict ['ædikt] — захоплюватися (чимсь); наркоман

survey ['sə:veɪ] — дослідження, огляд, опитування

debugging [di:'bʌgɪŋ] — finding and removing problems in computers and computer programs — пошук і усунення технічних і програмних неполадок у комп'ютерах

"hacking" ['hækɪŋ] (gaining access to computers when it is not allowed) — хакерство (отримання несанкціонованого доступу до комп'ютерів)

to do well — процвітати, досягати успіху

 

TASKS

I. Use the below-given vocabulary to make a report on computer technology.

Group A monitor • screen • window • keyboard- • mouse • mouse pad • floppy disk• CD-ROM • modem • printer

Group В software • hardware • online • memory • website • e-mail • Internet • to log on • word processing • to start up • to connect • to crash • to surf • to print

II. Insert the words from Group В in the text below.

'As soon as I get home from school, I... my computer. It's a couple of years old now so I've had to expand the... First of all I... to the... and go to Sporting Life, which is a sports news..., to find out the latest football results. Then I check my... to see if anyone has sent me any messages. If I have a homework project, I'll... the Internet to see if there is any useful information. If I find a good text that's quite long, I'll...it as it's often easier to read on paper. When my parents bought the computer, we got lots of free..., including an encyclopedia and a... package, which is very useful for writing my projects. I sometimes get bad days when the computer seems to... all the time. And some days the Internet is busy, so when you dial it doesn't.... People say it's because millions of users in the USA go... at that time. My mother is a bit worried that I'm going to run up huge bills on the Internet and that I'm going to become an Internet addict but I don't think I will.'


Список використаної та рекомендованої літератури:

1. Krylova I.P, Gordon E.M. A grammar of present-day English. Practical course. – M., 2000.

2. Longman’s Dictionary of English Language and Culture. – Longman, 1998.

3. Polupan V.L., Polupan A.P., Makhova V.V. English-speaking countries: A cultural reader. – Kharkov, 2000.

4. Raymond Murphy. English grammar in use (second edition). - Cambridge university press, 1998.

5. The American Heritage Dictionary (electronic edition).

6. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style by Bryan Garner. Copy right 1995 by Bryan A. Garner. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., www.oup-usa.org.

7. Верба Г.В., Верба Л.Г. Довідник з граматики англійської мови. – Київ «Освіта», 1995.

8. Качалова К. Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка. – М. «Юнвес», 2001.

9. Тучина Н.В., Меркулова Т.К., Кузьміна В.С.Read and speak English. – Київ, 2005.

 

 


 


 


 

 

НАВЧАЛЬНО-МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ДО ПРАКТИЧНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ

для студентів 2 курсу



Поделиться:


Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2017-02-09; просмотров: 90; Нарушение авторского права страницы; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

infopedia.su Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Обратная связь - 3.230.162.238 (0.288 с.)