Education in Great Britain and the USA.

1. In America, all children from six to sixteen go to school. They spend six years in “elementary” school, and four or six years in “secondary” or “high” school. School education is free.

2. Most schools have modern teaching equipment, like computers and closed circuit television, but there are also small country schools, with just one classroom. At the end of every school year, the child takes a test. If he does well, he goes into the next class (“grade”). If he doesn’t do well, he has to repeat the grade. At the end of their time at school, most students get a high school diploma. If they want to go on to college, they take college admission tests.

3. In Britain, all children from five to sixteen go to school. They spend six years in “primary” school, and then go on to a “secondary” school. In Britain there are state schools, which are free, and private schools for which parents pay. Many British private schools are “boarding” schools. The children stay at school all the time, and only come home in the holidays. They usually wear uniforms.

4. Teaching in both countries is usually quite informal. Students often work together in groups, and go to the teacher only when they need help. Nearly half of all Americans go on to college (a place of higher education) when they leave school. Some colleges are small, with only a few hundred students, but some of the big state universities are huge with up to 60 000 students. There are more then 2 600 universities in the USA, and nearly all colleges have both men and women students.

5. You can study many interesting subjects at college, in short or long courses, but if you want to get a degree, you have to study for at least four years. Classes start in September and go on to early June with a break in the middle.

6. In Britain, you can get a degree in a university, in a “polytechnic”, or in some of the many colleges of further education. There are more than 40 universities in Britain. There are also many colleges in Britain that teach English as a foreign language. Some have short courses (a few weeks or month), and some have one- or two-year courses. University classes start in September and go on until mid-June with two breaks, one at Christmas, and one at Easter. Most degrees take three years, but some take four.

Задание № 2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1) How long do children usually study in Great Britain and in the USA?

2) Do children go to “elementary” school in Great Britain?

3) Is education for children free in Great Britain and in the USA?

4) Why do students take college admission tests?

5) How can school leavers continue their education in Great Britain and in the USA?

Задание № 3. Прочтите текст, раскройте скобки, употребив выделенные глаголы в нужной видовременной форме (Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple):

When I (1) (be) a school student I really used to admire our sports teacher – Mr Popov. I think I (2) (admire) him then because he was a sort of hero to us and also because he (3) (be) very tall. As far as I (4) (remember), he was in the national football team. Though I (5) (not think) he ever actually won a medal or anything like this. In fact, he (6) (be) a good teacher, we (7) (encourage) by him to do our best in sport.

He used to say “It (8) (not matter) if you win or not. The important thing (9) (be) to do your best”. He also (10) (teach) us a lot about health. We (11) (can) communicate with him for hours. We (12) (admire) him.

Задание № 4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях предлогами места, времени и движения:

1. What day do students leave … Rome?

2. What time do they arrive … Moscow?

3. I don’t like driving ….. night.

4. …… Saturday night I went …. bed ….. midnight.

5. What time do they get … Rome?

6. I’m going away ….. the end of the month.

7. There was a long queue of people …. the bus stop.

8. There was a list of names, but my name wasn’t ….. the list.

9. The students go ……. Marseilles ……… Thursday.

10. How long does it take to get … Moscow … New York.

 

Задание № 5. В предложениях вставьте правильные предлоги после глаголов и прилагательных. В некоторых случаях предлог не требуется:

1. I can’t talk ….. you now. I’ll call you in ten minutes.

2. He is saving … for a trip round the world.

3. Sarah was born in Ireland but grew …. In England.

4. The car broke …. and I had to phone for help.

5. How much do you spend ….. food each week?

6. I wrote ….. the hotel complaining …. the poor service we had received.

7. I don’t want to be dependent …. anybody.

8. The Italian city of Florence is famous …. its art treasures.

9. Who was responsible …. all that noise last night?

10. The film was different ….. what I’d expected.

Задание № 6. Напишите нижеприведенные предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме:

1. You were taught English by Mr. Brown.

2. A number of important exercises is done in class every day.

3. This book is very often asked for.

4. Students have to study for at least four years to get a degree.

5. She prepared for her report in the library.

6. The translation can be done in three days.

7. The students must read all these articles

8. My sister has all necessary coursebooks.

9. The senior students will be in class at 2pm.

10. My friend was able to visit us last holidays.

Задание № 7. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, употребив прилагательные в скобках в необходимой степени сравнения:

1) My sister is the (tall) girl in her class.

2) Ann was a (quiet) student. She was much (quiet) than his sister.

3) This pretty girl is the (good) student in our group.

4) Who is the (attentive) student in your group?

5) The professor did not like an answer and as he listened to it, he became (angry) and (angry).

6) My cousin speaks (bad) than you do.

7) Please, be (careful) next time and don’t make the same mistake again.

8) Spanish is (easy) than German.

9) Your handwriting is now (good) than it was last year, but still it is not (good) as Mary’s handwriting.

10) This classroom is (large) and (light) than that one.

Задание № 8. Выберите из данных глаголов (а-d) тот, который больше всего подходит к данному предложению:

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

The Open University (1)........ in 1968 to give people who (2) …… afford to attend regular courses of study, the opportunity of studying and obtaining a university diploma or degree. They study at home and their academic performance (3) …….. by means of written examinations or project work. Most Open University students (4) …….. in study while also holding down a job or coping with a busy home life. They (5) ………… in order to update their job skills or personal satisfaction.

At the heart of most courses is a set of specially written and professionally printed textbooks and workbooks which students (6) ……… by post. On many of the courses, students (7) ……….. to watch television programmes on the BBC network, which (8)........... in the early hours of the morning. The aim of these programmes (9) is ………. and broaden the study experience, so that students (10) ……….. only on the printed materials they are sent.

1. a) is created b) creates c) was created d) is to create

2. a) cannot b) might c) must d) were to

3. a) is assessing b) assessed c) assesses d) is assessed

4. a) are fitted b) fit c) cannot fit d) were fitting

5. a) studying b) study c) were studying d) shall study

6. a) may receive b) were receiving c) have received d) receive

7. a) are expecting b) expect c) might expect d) are expected

8. a) broadcast b) must broadcast c) are broadcast d) have broadcast

9. a) may develop b) develop c) to develop d) have to develop

10. a) are to rely b) are relied c) are relying d) do not have to rely

Задание № 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1. Стихотворение было выучено наизусть.

2. В будущем году построят много новых школ.

3. Лекции этого знаменитого профессора всегда слушают с большим вниманием.

4. Не могли бы Вы повторить свой вопрос еще раз?

5. Завтра мы пишем тест по английскому языку, поэтому я должен к нему готовится сегодня.

6. Каждый день студенты посещают 3 лекции, которые начинаются в 8 утра и заканчиваются в 2 дня.

7. Мне пришлось прочесть много книг, когда я готовилась к докладу.

8. Я не могу смотреть телевизор с тобой, потому что я не сделал домашнюю работу.

9. Он может знать ответ на этот вопрос, но я не уверенна.

10. Вам следует работать усерднее, тогда вам удастся сдать экзамен хорошо.

Задание № 10. Употребите слова в скобках в необходимой по контексту грамматической форме и заполните пропуски в предложениях полученными словами:

I always wanted to be a great (1) (science) I had these dreams of discovering a (2) (revolution) new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people. Unfortunately, I was never very good at (3) (chemist) at school and I kept producing these horrible smells and the teacher used to get very cross with me.

After a while, I decided I would become an (4) (invent) and design an amazing new (5) (produce) which would become a household name. My parents were quite encouraging, but told me to be a little more (6) (real) and not quite so (7) (ambition). A few weeks later I had a brilliant idea for a pen that, at least (8) (theory), would write upside down. To my (9) (disappoint) a friend of mine pointed out that it was not a new (10) (discover).

Контрольная № 3

Вариант № 1.

Задание № 1. Прочтите текст и письменно переведите на русский язык:

SMART STUFF

1. Increasingly over the last few years, we have become familiar with the range of small electronic gadgets that come under the heading 'smart' accessories. Joggers, for example, run with heart-rate monitors, and shop assistants carry pocket-sized computers but these are just the first examples of a whole range of new products that promises to change our lives in all sorts of surprising ways.

2. As a scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab, Rosalind Picard tries out all kinds of smart accessories before they go on the market. One of these was the so-called “frown headband”. It came as a shock to Rosalind to realize just how often she frowned. Stuck in a traffic jam recently, waiting for the cars to move forward, Rosalind kept hearing the sounds of the tiny sensor inside the band worn around her forehead - each time she frowned in frustration, the sensor gave out a signal.

3. Headlands that check facial expressions are just one of the things she and her colleagues have designed. Their aim is to make ready-to-wear items that both look good and give the wearer useful feedback. Body sensors, like those in Rosalind's headband, can detect physical changes that the wearer might not otherwise be aware of. Hidden inside watches, rings or shoes, these sensors can check for signs of stress, give information and offer advice.

4. Another computer scientist, Steven Feiner, is working on a pair of glasses that will do more than help you to see. Imagine you want to try a restaurant in a foreign city but you're not familiar with the dishes on the menu. If you are wearing a pair of Steven's glasses, all you have to do is glance above the restaurant's doorway and your glasses will immediately become windows to the Internet, offering you full details of the meals served inside. Are you one of those people who lack confidence when giving a talk to an audience? Look to the right and the glasses will flash your notes in front of your eyes. They could also prove useful for cooks who want to check a recipe without leaving sticky fingermarks all over their cookery books.

5. At the moment, Steven's invention looks more like a pair of ski goggles than a pair of glasses. It's a headset connected to a hand-held computer and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, which tracks the wearer's position. Students who don’t mind being stared at have tried out the Star Trek-like device on campus. But Steven says that these head-worn displays will eventually get smaller, lighter and smarter as technology improves. As they will be relatively cheap, he foresees them replacing the notebooks and manuals that workers have to carry. He predicts that they will be useful to surgeons, giving them instant access to a patient's medical notes while carrying out operations.

6. And, of course, this new technology has a fashionable as well as a useful application. A chemical engineer named Robert Langer has invented a new microchip that, if put inside a ring, can give off different scents according to a person's mood. That, of course, may or may not appeal to you. And, in the end, it is shoppers, not scientists, who will determine which of. These smart accessories will succeed as fashionable items and which are destined to join history's long list of crazy inventions. Steven Feiner, concerned that vanity may prevent some people from wearing his glasses, is already working on the idea of contact lenses with the same features.

7. It is clear, however, that as small computer displays get brighter and cheaper, they will pop up in all sorts of easily-wearable accessories, even in the buttons on your coat. What's more, this is something that's going to happen a lot sooner than we all expect.

1. Все чаще в течение последних нескольких лет, мы знакомимся с рядом маленьких гаджетов, которые подпадают под заголовок «умных» аксессуаров. Бегуны, например, бегают с мониторами сердечного ритма, а продавцы носят карманные компьютеры, но это только первые примеры целого ряда новых продуктов, которые обещают изменить нашу жизнь самым удивительным способом.

2. 2. Так ученый Массачусетского технологического института Media Lab, Розалинда Пикард испытывает все виды интеллектуальных аксессуаров, прежде чем они появятся на рынке. Один из них был так называемый "хмуритель". Он привел в шок Розалинду, зафиксировав, насколько часто она нахмурилась. Недавно Застрявшая в пробке, ожидая автобуса, чтобы двигаться вперед, Розалинда продолжала слышать звуки крошечного датчика, который был зафиксирован на лбу - каждый раз, когда она в отчаянии хмурилась, датчик выдавал сигнал.

3. 3. Датчики, которые проверяют выражения лица являются лишь одной из многих приборов, предназначенных для нее и ее коллег. Их целью является дать полезную информацию владельцу как хорошо выглядеть и наладить полезную обратную связь. Датчики для тела, как и для головы Розалинды, могут обнаружить физические изменения, о которых она сама не может узнать другим образом. Скрытые внутри часов, колец или обуви, эти датчики могут проверить наличие признаков стресса, дать информацию и кроме всего выдать рекомендации.

4. 4. Другой ученый – компьютерщик Стивен Фейнера, работает над парой очков, которые смогут больше, чем помочь вам видеть. Представьте, что вы хотите попробовать ресторан в незнакомом городе, но вы не знакомы с блюдами в меню. Если вы носите очки Стивена, все, что вам нужно сделать, это взглянуть поверх дверей ресторана и ваши очки сразу же становятся окнами Интернету, предлагая вам полную информацию о блюдах подаваемых в данном ресторане. Вы один из тех людей, которые чувствуют себя неуверенно во время общения с аудиторией? Посмотрите направо и очки будут листать ваши файлы перед вашими глазами. Они также могут оказаться полезными для поваров, которые хотят проверить рецепт, не оставляя липких следов пальцев на страницах кулинарных книг.

5. 5. В настоящее время изобретение Стивена выглядит скорее как пара лыжных очков, чем очков обычных. Это гарнитура подключена к ручному компьютеру и приемнику Глобальной системы позиционирования (GPS), который отслеживает положение владельца. Студенты, которые не были против, установили и уже опробовали устройство Star Trek-на территории кампуса. Но Стивен говорит, что эти устройства для ношения на голове будут гораздо меньше, легче и эффективнее, насколько позволит технология. Они будут относительно дешевыми, он предвидит замену ими ноутбуков и учебников, которые работники должны носить с собой. Он прогнозирует, что они будут полезны для хирургов, давая им мгновенный доступ к истории болезни пациента при проведении операций.

6. 6. И, конечно, эти новые технологии станут не только модными, но и полезными в применении. Инженер-химик по имени Роберт Лангер изобрел новый микрочип, который, если его встроить в колечко, может выделять различные ароматы в зависимости от настроения человека. Это, конечно, может или не может относиться к вам. И, в конце концов, это покупатель, а не ученый будут определять, какие из них выбрать. Эти умные аксессуары будут иметь спрос как модные элементы и которые предназначены, чтобы пополнить длинный список в истории сумасшедших изобретений. Стивен Фейнера, обеспокоен тем, что тщеславие может помешать некоторым людям носить очки, он уже работает над идеей контактных линз с теми же функциями.

7. 7. Понятно, однако, что, как маленькие яркие и дешевые компьютерные дисплеи они будут появляться в разного рода легко носимых аксессуарах, даже в кнопках и пуговицах пальто. Более того, это произойдет намного раньше, чем мы все ожидаем.

Задание № 2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1. What is the writer’s view of Robert Langer’s invention? The small computer displays get brighter and cheaper, they will pop up in all sorts of easily-wearable accessories

2. What does the writer think about “smart” accessories?