V. Ответьте на вопрос: How does the carbon content influence the properties of steel?

 

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2 (Вариант3) (“АВ”, “ИМ”)

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

 

а) 1. The problem of the structure of matter is constantly occupying the minds of many scientists.

2. The production of this sophisticated device has required some new means of steel treatment.

б) 1. The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors.

2. Nation-wide programs are being worked out and implemented in production.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Particle I и Particle II и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. While working with any dangerous substances specialists put on special suits.

2. Molecular crystals are solids constructed of molecules held together by relatively weak forces.

3. Unless properly treated the metal must not be applied for this purpose.

4. Plastic parts are often too difficult to repair if broken.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. You must be careful working with these dangerous substances.

2. The type of treatment may be more efficient than another one, but it may be too expensive.

3. The repair of that device can be done only by this specialist.

4. This part should be treated with special lubricant.

 

IV. Прочтите, перепишите и переведите.

METHODS OF STEEL HEAT TREATMENT

Metals are materials most widely used in industries because of their properties. It should be mentioned metals vary greatly in their properties that depend on the size, shape, orientation and composition of the metal grains. Heat treatment such as quenching, tempering and annealing control the nature of the grains and their size in metal.

Quenching is a heat treatment when metal at a high temperature is rapidly cooled by immersion in water or oil. Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure.

Tempering is a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloys. Hardened steel after quenching from a high temperature is too hard and brittle for many applications. Tempering, that is re-heating to an intermediate temperature and cooling slowly, reduces this hardness and brittleness. Tempering temperatures depend on the composition of the steel but are frequently between 100 and 650 °C. Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product. The colour of the oxide film produced on the surface of the heated metal often serves as the indicator of its temperature.

Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly. After cooling the metal again becomes malleable and ductile (capable of being bent many times without cracking).

All these methods of steel heat treatment are used to obtain steels with certain mechanical properties for certain needs.

 

quenching - закалка

tempering - отпуск после закалки

annealing - отжиг, отпуск

 

V. Ответьте на вопрос: What do the properties of metals depend on?

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2 (Вариант 4) (“АВ”, “ИМ”)

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

 

а) 1.. Thousands of researchers and scientists have taken part in the conference.

2. They are still looking for the suitable material for this purpose.

б) 1. Synthetic rubber products were developed between 1914 and the 1930s.

2. Many compounds can be decomposed when they are acted upon by different forms of energy.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Particle I и Particle II и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. Natural rubber is a thermoplastic material that becomes soft when heated and hard when cooled.

2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.

3. The machine-tool having some suitable for them characteristics required special lubricant.

4. To achieve a device with desired service life the engineers spent 2 years.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. These metal parts had to be subjected to X-ray examination.

2. You may use this device to analyze its exact composition.

3. These new materials should to withstand much higher temperatures than the metals.

4. Ethylene gas can be obtained by cracking petroleum.