The verb in Old English epic poem Beowulf

The epic poem Beowulf deals with Anglo-Saxon poetic diction and technique in general terms. Definitions are given of literature, beauty, prose, verse, poetic diction, poetic technique, style, convention, and tradition. The position of Anglo-Saxon studies in the 1920’s. Is mentioned along with Anglo-Saxon research since 1925. The main crux in the study of Anglo-Saxon poetic works is shown to be an understanding of the Anglo-Saxon language made more difficult by a scarcity of Anglo-Saxon works. It Is not uncommon to be led astray in the interpretation of allusions and meanings of Anglo-Saxon poems.

This is illustrated by reference to an article by Paull F. Baum on the poet of Beowulf, and clarification of the problem regarding allusions to the Old Testament. The discovery of the Sutton Hoo treasure, the Intellectuality of the seventh and eighth centuries, the many important libraries set up at the time, the centers of learning, the monastery schools, the appearance of saints and scholars, are mentioned in support of the claim that Beowulf was written in a period of marked intellectual achievements. The oral formulaic theory advanced by Francis P. and Magoun J., regarding the making of Beowulf, is examined, discussed, and rejected. Beowulf is seen as having been written pen in hand.

The epic poem Beowulf shows the importance of semantics as a prerequisite for an understanding of Anglo-Saxon vocabulary, and investigates the influence of Latin and Christianity on the vocabulary and the literature of the Anglo-Saxons. Semantics is defined, and several words, including wineleas, daegwoma, widewe, lencten, cealdheort, serve to illustrate the role of etymology in the understanding of Anglo-Saxon words. The allusion inherent in brunecg is explained in terms of knowledge of the tempering of steel. The description of the helmet found in the Sutton Hoo treasure is used to explain the meaning of wala, a word appearing in line 1031 of Beowulf. The multiplicity of meanings of some Anglo-Saxon words and the difficulty in arriving at a precise understanding of then is illustrated by way of thirteen Anglo-Saxon words and their eighty-seven possible modern English equivalents. Colours in Anglo-Saxon poetry are discussed, and their frequency of appearance in Anglo-Saxon poetical works given. A conclusion is reached that the function of the dictionary is not usually to give the historical sense of words.

The influence of Latin on Anglo-Saxon vocabulary is found to exist in Latin borrowings, abstract ideas rendered by native compounds, and in the analogical transference of ideas. Virgil and Anglo-Saxon are discussed, and books known to Anglo-Latin writers mentioned. The influence of Virgil is seen in Virgilian phrases used by Anglo-Saxon literary ecclesiastics, among Anglo-Saxon kings who were scholars, and in the technique of composition of Anglo-Saxon writings. The effects of Latin appear in Anglo-Saxon idioms and inflexions.

CONCLUSION

English verb system from the VII century to the present day is a part of the continuous and regular development of all English language. This allows us to talk about the English verb system as a system, directly and gradually growing out of each of the preceding period of the system. And every time the verb system is characterized by some specific features in comparison with the system of the previous period. But on the other hand, the new system saves a significant part of the system from which it arises.

We examined whether the most characteristic features of the system of the English verb ancient, middle and new periods that make it qualitatively different in each individual period.

English verb is the result of the formation of the national language in Modern Englishduring the nation based on language Middle English period, which, in turn, formed on the basis of the Old English period.

As a result of the development of the English verb system, we see almost a complete breakdown of the system of verbs with alternation, which has lost owing to complicated phonetic changes its systemic nature and preserved as an old quality item to our days.

All the features of English verbs that were reported in this study allows to distinguish three phases in terms of periodization of the history of the formation of the English verb system.

Summing up, it should be noted:

1. English verb system has changed considerably throughout history, but, nevertheless, it continues to maintain its basic traits of Germanic language group.

2. Despite the fact that the English verb for the whole period of its development was influenced by a variety of languages, he came out the winner in all cases and continued to develop according to its own internal laws.

3. Changes that have occurred in the area of ​​the English verb system is slow and gradual, and elements of the old quality of dying out, and new quality components gradually accumulate and eventually led to a significant qualitative change typologically throughout the verb system.

It can be concluded that the study of the emergence and formation of a modern system of the English verb formed understanding of its structure, which allows more deeply to understand a particular feature of the system of the old English verb, to accept it as a whole, formed on the basis of a variety of options.

Our research is to monitor the morphological changes during development and formation of old English verb. Comparative Analysis Old English and Modern English language leads us to believe that nothing comes from nowhere and disappear into nowhere. Language as a means of human communication, is formed in the process of evolution of humanity itself. Borrowing words from one language supplement, supplement, forming another language. Of course, the historical development, migration of peoples, the development of the arts, the professions and other aspects of human activities also affect the modification of language. These are the aspects we have tried to highlight in the course of this work, and to show how the Old English language was transformed into Modern English. Some words, grammar, phonetic, lexical structure are lost or modified and shaped, and was generated during the development of new words and language constructs, but, of course, the following: that the distant linguistic ties are always present in modern English. And as an illustration to this conclusion confirms our idea, we gave an example of the Old English epic poem Beowulf and the Middle English Shakespeare's works. William Shakespeare in his works actively uses the Old English grammar and language of Modern English. In this paper, through the prism of events that took place in the language of the early Modern Englishperiod, basic grammatical features of the language of William Shakespeare have been investigated. As for the morphological features of Shakespeare's language, the word he easily passes from one grammatical category to another. It is very enriching, makes it more succinct and colorful, colorful language of his works, appealing to the reader and inimitable masterpiece of literature.

 

 

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