Name the word-building elements (suffixes, prefixes) and

the part of speech of each word:

economy — economic — economical — economically — economics — economist — economize; industry — industrial — industrialist — industrially — industrious — industrialization; satisfy — satisfactory — satisfaction.

Text C

Industry is the most important area of Ukraine’s economy. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied by heavy industry, especially the steel, machine-building and coal industries.
A considerable part is played by the food and light industries. About two-fifth of Ukraine’s people work in industry, and about a fifth work in agriculture. Most other Ukrainians have jobs in such service industries as education and health care.

Many of Ukraine’s heavy industries are concentrated in the Donbas region, the centre of Ukraine’s heavy industry. It has rich mineral deposits and major industrial base with bias towards¹ heavy industry. A large industrial output²is yielded³ by the mining, ferrous metallurgy⁴, chemical and machine-building industries.

The machine-building is presently the largest branch of industry. It accounts for a third of the national industrial output and employs about a fourth of Ukraine’s workers. Automobiles and buses, locomotives and railway cars, airplanes and ships, tractors and harvesters⁵, machine tools⁶ and metallurgical equipment are produced at Ukraine’s plants and factories.

However, today’s industries are unable to satisfy the consumers’ wants⁷. The reason is that they are not integrated into the world process of economic, technological and scientific progress. The national industries have low standard in processing raw materials⁸, outdated and worn-out production equipment⁹, unwillingness to accept progressive techniques and approaches and lack of innovating initiative. These and other problems must be solved in the course of new economic reforms aimed at creating a market economy.

COMMENTS

1. with bias towards — тут: на користь

2. output — випуск; продукцiя

3. ... is yielded... — виробляється

4. ferrous metallurgy — чорна металургiя

5. harvester — збиральна машина; комбайн

6. machine tools — верстати

7. to satisfy the consumers’ wants — задовольняти бажання споживачiв

8. raw material — сировина

9. outdated and worn-out production equipment — застарiле та

зношене устаткування

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

I. Find equivalents:

1. heavy industry 2. ferrous metallurgy 3. enterprise 4. with bias towards 5. outdated equipment 6. raw materials 7. light industry 8. machine-building industry 9. coal industry 10. to satisfy the consumers’ wants и. сировина 11. branch of industry 12. industrial output

а. легка промисловiсть б. на користь в. промислова продукцiя г. вугiльна промисловiсть д. важка промисловiсть е. машинобудiвна промисловiсть є. галузь промисловостi ж. пiдприємство з. чорна металургiя и. сировина і. застарiле устаткування ї. задовольняти бажання споживачiв

 

II. Substitute the words in bold type by their synonyms:

1. Industry is the most significant area of Ukraine’s economy. 2. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great part is occupied by heavy industry. 3. Nearly two-fifth of Ukraine’s people work in industry. 4. Many of Ukraine’s heavy industries are centred in the Donbas region. 5. It has rich mineral deposits and major industrial base in favour of heavy industry. 6. Today’s industries cannot meet the consumers’ wants. 7. A large industrial output is produced by machine-building industry.

 

III. Complete the following sentences:

1. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied.... 2. A considerable part is played.... 3. The machine-building industry accounts.... 4. Ukraine’s plants and factories produce.... 5. Today’s industries are unable....