The Higher Organs of Power in the USA

By the US Constitution the government of the nation is entrusted to three separate authorities: the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. The executive power is vested in the President, who holds his office during the term of four years, and is elected together with the Vice-President.

Among the duties and powers of the President listed by the Constitution are the following: the President is Commandeering-Chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties and appoints ambassadors to foreign powers as well as other high officers of the United States. Within his competence is also the responsibility for taking care that the laws be faithfully executed.

From this one can see that the Constitution gives the President some measure of control of the military establishment, imposes upon him a responsibility for foreign policy and assigns to him the obligation to administer federal programmes.

The administrative business of the nation is conducted by Secretaries who form the Cabinet. They are appointed by the President but their nomination must be confirmed by the Senate. The Cabinet is a kind of an advisory group to the President which has developed by custom rather than by the provisions of the Constitution. The Vice-President likewise participates in the cabinet meetings. The cabinet members are: the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defence, the Attorney General, the Postmaster General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labour, and the Secretaries of Health, Education and Welfare.

As chief executive officer, the President can at his discretion remove any Secretary. The Executive Office of the President is represented by a group of agencies. First of all, these are: the White House Office, the Bureau of the Budget, the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Council of Economic Advisers, and the Office of Civil and Defence Mobilisation. These are not advisory bodies but the bodies which carry out administrative functions.

The whole legislative power in the USA is vested in the Congress. There are two chambers in the US Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Besides the legislative function the Senate is entrusted with the power of ratifying or rejecting all treaties made by the President.

Төменде берілген сөйлемдерді қазақ тіліне аударыңыз

Translate the sentences from English to Kazakh and remember the grammar:

1.We expect that Mayor Roberts will speak at the conference

2.We are going to invite Professor Green and his wife.

3.The report was prepared by Anna Brown, professor of economics at London University.

4.John Clayton, president of the United Bank, spoke in favor of the project.

5.The meeting was attended by Helen Ashley, director of the Science Library.

6.The general manager is on vacation now.

7.Thomas Leads became general manager of a large advertising agency two years ago.

8.Jane Parker was appointed music director of the local theater.

9. King George III was a very educated man.

10. Could you tell me who President of the Dominican Republic is?

11. Agatha Christy, the queen of the detective novel, was an outstanding woman.

12. Former California governor Ronald Reagan became president of the United States in 1981.

13. Among the duties and powers of the President listed by the Constitution are the following.

14. As chief executive officer, the President can at his discretion remove any Secretary.

15. The Congress of the United States is composed of two houses.

16. The administrative business of the nation is conducted by Secretaries who form the Cabinet.

17. The Senate represents the states.

18. The chairmen of the standing committees are considered the real rulers of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

19. The Vice-President likewise participates in the cabinet meetings.

20. Two senators from the same state never finish their terms at the same time, one of them is called "Senior Senator" and the other — "Junior Senator".

 

Lesson 2 (201, 202)