population, populate, depopulate, populous

a) When the first Europeans arrived, the New World was a populous place, but soon European deseases depopulate d it.

b)In the New World Europeans saw rivers and woods populate d with fa miliar and unknown species.

c)After the first European settlements started, Native American population was constantly decreasing.

Task 5. Historical consequences. Match two statements from columns A and B into a compound sentence with a conjunction "so".

A	B
1.Cultural revival increased technological development and political changes in Europe in the 15^thcentury, so E	a) thousands of them died in the epidemics of smallpox, influenza and measles
2. Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases, so A	b) the new land was given his name
3. Amerigo Vespucci was the first explorer of the New World, whose notes on voyage were widely disseminated, so B	c) Catholicism became the first European religion to be imposed on Native Americans
4. The Spanish established colonies in Central America, so C	d) local Indian tribes abandoned traditional modes of life
5. Europeans established permanent trading posts ki North America, so D	e) Europeans began to explore the world

 

Task 6. Study the diagram representing causes and motives for establishing English colonies in the New World using the scheme. What were three main causes for establishing English colonies?

In the 15^th century, powerful centralized states of England, France and Spain were established		1.New powerful monarchs tried to expand their territories and wealth through conquest
In the 15^lh century, Europe witnessed significant technological change		3.New navigational instruments were invented to enable seamen to cross oceans
The printing press was invented in Germany in the 1450s		2.Newly printed books and accounts of voyages stimulated Europeans' curiosity about overseas countries

 

Task 7. Fill in the table representing thirteen original colonies. Speak about the colonies using the information from the table.

Colony name	Year founded	Founded by	Reason for establishment
Virginia		London Company	Profit from trade and farming (tobacco)
Massachusetts		Puritans	Religious freedom for Pilgrims and Puritans (Separatists)
New Hampshire		John Wheelwright	Trading and fishing villages that were part of Massachusetts that asked to be a separate colony
Maryland		Lord Baltimore	Founded so Catholics could worship freely
Connecticut		Thomas Hooker	Religious and political freedom – Thomas Hooker felt the governor (Winthrop) had too much power in Massachusetts.
Rhode Island		Roger Williams	Separation of church and state and religious toleration
Delaware		Peter Minuit and New Sweden Company	First colonized by the Swedes for religious freedom, then taken over by the Dutch, then the English.Delaware demanded a separate government: they complained Philadelphia was too far to travel. Pen granted their request. All religions were welcomed.
North Carolina		Virginians	Profit from trade and farming
South Carolina		Eight Nobles with a Royal Charter from Charles II	Profit from trade and farming
New Jersey		Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret	New Jersey was included in the grant of Charles II to his brother James, the Duke of York, in 1664. The Duke thought he had too much land to rule so he separated the colony and gave what in now called NJ to his friends to rule.
New York		Duke of York	Economic and political reasons - The Dutch colony on the Hudson separated New England from the other English colonies and threatened British rule in North America. In 1664, King Charles II gave the entire country, from the Connecticut to the Delaware, to his brother James, Duke of York, ignoring the claims of the Dutch colony. English warships sailed to New Amsterdam harbor and took it over without firing a shot.
Pennsylvania		William Penn	Colony founded so Quakers could worship freely
Georgia		James Edward Oglethorpe	Founded as a haven for debtors. Acted as a buffer zone between South Carolina and Spanish Florida

 

Task 8. Fill in the table representing differences between three groups of original colonies.

	Patterns of settlement	Main occupations of settlers	Religious affiliations	Educational patterns
New England	Town meetings; could speak out; vote; high degree of self-government	English, Puritan Farmers	Puritans, very strict, gloomy, superstitious	Schooling for boys and girls; important that everybody could read the Bible; advanced school for boys; Harvard 1636
The Middle colonies	Mixture of town meetings and county governments	Quakers, Dutch, French, Germans, Scot-Irish; Diverse	Quakers, Catholics, Jews, protestants TOLERANCE	Fewer schools than NE; started by religious groups; Princeton
The Southern colonies	Counties were basic unit; sheriffs and justice of the peace, appointed by governor	English aristocrats, planters, small farmers, slaves	Church of England; Catholics (Maryland) *not as important	Planters’ sons taught at home by tutors; College of William and Mary