Кафедра языкознания И иностранных языков

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО

ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ ПРАВОСУДИЯ»

РОСТОВСКИЙ ФИЛИАЛ

КАФЕДРА ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЯ И ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

Английский язык.

Сборник устных тем

для студентов очной формы обучения

(специальность 030501.65 – «Юриспруденция»)

 

 

Ростов-на-Дону

Авторы-составители:

Сосканова М.Р., кандидат философских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры языкознания и иностранных языков Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия

Лысенко Н.А., старший преподаватель кафедры языкознания и иностранных языков Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия

Рецензенты:

Кудряшов И.А., доктор филологических наук, профессор ФОУ ВПО ПИ ЮФУ.

Гришечко О.С., кандидат филологических наук, доцентФОУ ВПО ПИ ЮФУ.

 

 

 

Сборник одобрен кафедрой языкознания и иностранных языков Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия (протокол № 5 от 25 декабря 2009 г.)

Рекомендован к изданию УМС Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия (протокол № 2010 г.).

 

© Ростовский филиал Российской академии правосудия, 2010

© Сосканова М.Р.Лысенко Н.А., 2010

Предлагаемый сборник направлен на развитие навыков чтения, перевода и монологической речи студентов первого и второго курсов юридического факультета, изучающих английский язык на дневном отделении.

Лексический материал подобран с учетом требований, предъявляемых студентам 1 и 2 курса юридического факультета очной формы обучения.

Основными целями пособия являются:

· обеспечение студентов лексическим материалом для последующего изучения на аудиторных и внеаудиторных занятиях

· активизация навыков разговорной речи

· расширение и обогащение словарного запаса студентов по основным лексическим темам

 

 

Содержание

1. Сlimate and weather……………………………………………………….5

2. Environmental protection………………………………………………….6

3. Work and jobs…………………………………………………………….11

4. My future profession……………………………………………………...12

5. In the USA:The Media……………………………………………………14

6. In Britain: The Media…………………………………………………….16

7. Geography of the USA……………………………………………………18

8. The American Political System…………………………………………..20

9. The Judicial system of the United States of America…………………...22

10. Higher education in the USA…………………………………………….23

11. Legal education in the USA..…………………………………………….26

12. The American legal profession…………………………………………..27

13. The Geography of the UK……………………………………………….29

14. The Political system of the UK…………………………………………..31

15. The Court system of the UK……………………………………………..33

16. The Legal profession in Great Britain………………………………......35

17. The Geography of the Russian Federation …………………………….37

18. The Political set-up of the Russian Federation…………………………38

19. Judicial system of the Russian Federation……………………………...41

20. Higher education in Russia………………………………………………43

21. Rostov academy of justice and legal training in Russia……………….46

22. The legal profession in Russia…………………………………………...48

23. International law…………………………………………………………50

CLIMATE AND WEATHER

Warming-up questions

How many seasons are there in a year?

When does nature awaken from her long winter sleep?

Is summer the best season for tourism?

THE SEASONS AND THE WEATHER

There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season lasts three months.

Winter usually begins in December and ends in March. In Russia winter is usually a cold season. It often snows, the rivers and lakes are frozen over. The average temperature is about 5 degrees below zero.

It gets dark early in the evening. It gets light late in the morning. In winter we have the shortest days and the longest nights. It is difficult and unpleasant to get up early in the morning in winter because it is dark and cold, the sky is often grey, nature is sleeping.

But winter is a good time for sports. In winter we can go in for such kinds of sport as skating and skiing. It is very pleasant to go skiing in the country on a bright sunny day. At the end of winter the sun begins to shine as brightly as in spring, but it is not so warm as in spring yet.

Spring comes in March. The sun begins to shine more brightly, the days become longer and the first spring flowers appear everywhere. Everything is so fresh and so beautiful, nature awakens after a long sleep of winter. Everybody enjoys the beginning of spring. The birds return from the South. Everything around is full of life and joy, the sky is blue and cloudless.

At the beginning of spring it is still cold, but at the end of spring it gets much warmer. Sometimes it rains. But the rain does not last long, sometimes there are storms with thunder and lightning, and it is not so warm as in summer.

Summer is the warmest season of the year. It begins in June and ends in August. July is the warmest month of the year. The sky is blue. The sun is bright and hot. In summer we have the longest days and the shortest nights. It rains but the rain is warm and the flower smell sweet. Most people have their holidays in summer and spend a lot of time in the open air. The countryside looks very nice and most people leave town for the country. We can swim and bathe, we can play tennis and football, have a walk through the fields and meadows.

After summer comes autumn. Autumn is the harvest time, when the fruit and vegetables become ripe, the corn gets golden in the fields. Autumn is very beautiful at the beginning when it is still warm and the leaves are getting yellow and red. In late September people enjoy Indian Summer, when the weather is still warm and in the air you can feel gossamer. Little by little the days become shorter and the nights become longer. It gets colder and colder. In October and November it often rains and people put on raincoats and take umbrellas. The streets, the houses, the trees are wet with rain, heavy clouds hang in the sky. But every season is pleasant in its own way.

CLIMATE

In the first place the climate varies according to altitude. On the equator at a height of 8,000 metres it is no warmer than in England at sea level. The highest point is the coldest.

Another factor is the effect of ocean currents. Thus the British Isles lie in the way of the warm Golf Stream. The warm air rising from the Golf Stream surrounds Great Britain and prevents the freezing of the rivers even on the coldest days. In spite of lying at the same distance from the equator Moscow and London have a different climate: the average temperature in London is higher than that in Moscow.

Finally there are the effects of prevailing winds blowing across the Atlantic and carrying warm air, which keeps the winter climate mild, moist and foggy.

The climate of a country is one of the factors that influence the style of its architecture. It can be best illustrated by British residential buildings. The weather in England is often cloudy and there are few sunny days. Therefore, the windows in an English house are of a large size to catch as much light and sunshine as possible.

Since there is much rain in England, typical British houses have high, steep roofs where rain water and melting snow can easily flow down.

Most of the houses have a fireplace which forms the most characteristic feature of an English home.

The plan of an English house also differs from that of the houses where we live. English architects plan some apartments vertically instead of planning them horizontally, so that an English family having a separate apartment lives on two or sometimes three floors with rooms connected with a narrow staircase. They find it the most convenient style of apartment.

An Englishman prefers to have an individual cottage in the suburbs. But the problem of housing brought about great changes into the architectural design of modern houses which differ greatly from those of the older type. The typical features of ah English house are disappearing one by one, which makes it look like a standard residence in any country.

Comprehension check

Do you like late autumn?

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

WORK AND JOBS

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

Who are called freelancers?

MY FUTURE PROFESSION

Warming-up questions

What are your future plans?

Comprehension check

What is law for you?

IN THE USA: THE MEDIA

Warming-up questions

WHAT’S ON TV?

On the average, American viewers watch TV four hours a day, and usually tune to one of the national commercial networks: ABC, NBC, CBS, or Fox Broadcasting Company. These stations attract about 98 percent of TV audiences. During a sixty-minute TV program, they show about twelve minutes of commercials.

The commercial networks broadcast a variety of shows: news, drama, soap operas, comedy, sports, music, movies, children’s programs, game shows, and talk shows. There is a lot of competition for viewers, especially during prime time, from 7 to 11 P.M.

PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) is the only noncommercial network. It is supported by government and private funding and broadcasts more serious drama, performing arts, science, public-affairs documentaries, and educational children’s programs. All five networks broadcast twenty-four hours a day.

Some viewers pay to receive a wider selection of programs on cable television. There are up to 500 cable stations. Two well-known ones are HBO (Home Box Office), which shows movies, and CNN, which specializes in news.

ON THE AIR

Across the United States there are more than nine thousand radio stations. Almost all of them are commercial, except for National Public Radio stations. Listeners can tune into all kinds of stations: pop or classical music, news, sports, or community radio. Talk radio shows are very popular. Listeners call in and ask the talk show host or guests questions about anything from cooking or car repair to politics or health.

IN THE NEWSPAPERS

Eight out of ten Americans read a tabloid or standard newspaper every day. There’s something for everyone to read, because there are 1,700 daily and 6,300 weekly newspapers. Often newspapers are delivered early in the morning so people can read them before leaving home for the day to go to work.

Standard newspapers have long articles about local, national, and international news, while tabloid newspapers include short news articles and a lot of photos, stories about famous people, comic strips, advice columns, and horoscopes.

Most newspapers are regional rather than national, although some are distributed all over America. The New York Times, for example, is available in New York and in most big cities.

The paper with the largest circulation (1.9 million copies a day) is The Wall Street Journal, which specializes in business news.

On Sundays The New York Times has fourteen sections, and weighs up to five pounds! The table of contents for a Sunday edition includes: Arts and Leisure; Automobiles; The City; Editorials and Op-Ed; Magazine; Money and Business; Real Estate; Regional Weeklies; SportsSunday; Television; Travel; Week in Review.

Comprehension check

IN BRITAIN: THE MEDIA

Warming-up questions

Do you read newspapers?

THE NATIONAL PRESS

British people like reading newspapers. They read more newspapers than in any other European country.

There are two types of newspaper in Britain: tabloid and broadsheet. Tabloids (The Daily Mirror, The Sun) have lots of stories about famous people; the photos are large; the headlines are big and there is not much text. Tabloids sell many more copies than broadsheets. Broadsheets (The Times, The Guardian) have long articles with lots of information; some pages report international news; the photos and the headlines are smaller than in the tabloids. A broadsheet newspaper is double the size of a tabloid newspaper. It is more difficult to hold. The differences between the tabloids and the broadsheets are breaking down. Broadsheets now have a tabloid section, and now have stories about famous people.

Sunday newspapers are a part of the British way of life. These newspapers only appear on Sundays and are more popular than the daily newspapers. They concentrate on general issues and famous people. Some people spend all day reading Sunday newspaper.

MAGAZINES

There are thousands of weekly and monthly magazines in Britain. They can be divided into four main categories: specialist magazines, general magazines, women’s magazines and teenage magazines. Young people below the age of 18 do not buy newspapers, but they do buy magazines. Many more girls than boys buy magazines. Their main interests seem to be boys, pop music, clothes and makeup. Smash Hits is a music magazine which both girls and boys buy. Just Seventeen is one of the most popular girl’s magazines. Shout is popular with young teenage girls.

WHAT’S ON ‘THE BOX»?

Over 99 per cent of British homes have a TV and the average person watches “the box” 26 hours a week. There are four (non-satellite) TV channels in Britain: BBC1, BBC2, I TV and Channel 4. BBC1 and BBC2, the two state channels, do not show adverts. ITV and Channel 4, the two independent channels, do show adverts.

BBC1 and ITV tend to broadcast popular programmes: sports programmes, recent films, the news, game shows, children’s programmes and soaps. BBC2 and Channel 4 show programmes which usually attract much smaller audiences: TV plays, classical concerts, foreign films and programmes for minority groups. Only eight per cent of British homes subscribe to satellite or cable TV.

LET’S WATCH A VIDEO

About 70 per cent of UK households now have a video recorder. People mostly use them to record TV programmes which they then watch at a more convenient time.

Teenagers aged between 14 and 16 like getting together with friends to watch a video. They often choose films with an 18 rating. These videos ore unsuitable for people below the age of 18 because they are violent, but many teenagers watch them anyway.

RADIO WAVES

The BBC broadcasts on five national and 32 local radio stations. Each of the BBC radio stations specialises in a particular type of programme: Radio 1 specialises in rock music; Radio 2 in popular music and light entertainment; Radio 3 in classical music; Radio 4 in current affairs and drama; Radio 5 in current affairs and sport.

Most people listen to the radio in the morning. They like background music while getting ready to go to school or driving to work.

 

Comprehension check

GEOGRAPHY OF THE USA

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

What is the climate like?

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

Where does it meet?

Are they elected?

How long do they serve?

What are Courts of Appeals?

 

 

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA

Warming-up questions:

Comprehension check

What is a GPA?

LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE USA

Warming-up questions

1. When did you decide to enter the educational institution you are studying at?
2. What exams did you take to get admitted?
3. What degree will you obtain?

 

Legal education mode in the USA is rather complex consisting of several important stages. It takes seven years to become a lawyer in the USA. That means four years of undergraduate study for a bachelor’s degree followed by the graduate Juries Doctor (JD) law degree. Law is not offered at the undergraduate level; so students read law only at law schools. Law students need to develop the three basic skills: communication skills both written and spoken; research skills; and especially analytical thinking skills. These abilities can be developed by any major: social sciences, history, economics, humanities, and engineering. So a bachelor’s degree at any top college or university that provide highly efficient background will give a better chance for admission.

It’s not really difficult to enter a law school, if a person has high undergraduate grades and also score high on the LSAT (Law School Admission Test). This test measures reading and verbal succeed in law school. It consists of five 35-minute sections of multiple choice sections will contribute to the applicant’s score. These sections include one reading comprehension section, one analytical reasoning section, and two logical reasoning sections, an experimental section which can be any of the above and finally, and an essay writing section. A successful applicant becomes a happy student.

During the first year of law school the students usually take major courses such as Constitutional Law, Contracts, Property Law, Torts, Civil Procedure and Legal Writing. There is also a Program of Legal Research and Writing. The students learn how to work with documents just the way a lawyer usually does. They attend the library, write legal memoranda, draft documents, and prepare briefs. The students also participate in the school’s moot competitions in which the skills of argumentation are developed, in mock trials under the supervision of experienced lawyers and judges, and in legal clinic activities. A special clinical semester is aimed at gaining practical experience by young lawyers. It is a hands-on learning model when students develop their lawyering skills working with real clients. The clinical semester is offered for the second on third year students.

For upper-level students the courses are mainly optional. There usually is a broad range of offerings from which a student can plan his or her own curriculum. It depends on the perspective practice area he or she is aiming at. But at the same time it’s essential to deepen and broaden the basic legal literacy and understanding the law as a whole.

When the student graduates from the school, he or she gains the Juries Doctor degree and looks for a job. He may find the position but he can’t practice law. He must be licensed or admitted to the Bar. All states require that applicants for admission to the Bar pass a written Bar Examination; most jurisdictions also require applicants to pass a separate written Ethics Examination.

Comprehension check

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE UK

Warming-up questions

Where is UK situated?

Comprehension check

Warming-up questions

 

Comprehension check

How does the Cabinet work?

THE COURT SYSTEM OF THE UK

Warming-up questions

Magistrates’ Courts

A magistrates’ court usually consists of a ‘bench’ of three lay, unpaid magistrates known as justices of the peace ‘JP’s. There are nearly 28,000 lay magistrates serving some 450 courts.

Usually those charged with criminal offences first appear in a magistrates’ court. The less serious offences are tried by the magistrates themselves. The most serious offences, such as murder, manslaughter, rape and robbery, are tried on indictement (or formal accusation) only by the Crown Court. Usually those charged with such offences first appear before a magistrates’ court, which decides whether to commit them to the Crown Court for trial.

Youth Courts

Cases involving people under 18 are heard in youth courts (formerly juvenile courts). These are special magistrates’ courts. There are restrictions on public access and media coverage.

The Crown Court

The Crown Court sits at about 90 centres and it presided over by High Court judges, full-time ‘circuit judges’ and part-time recorders. England and Wales are divided into six circuits for the purpose of hearing criminal cases.

The Crown Court tries the most serious offences. All contested cases are presided over by a judge sitting with a jury.

The High Court deals with the more complicated civil cases (it also cover some serious cases) as well as dealing with appeals from tribunals and from magistrates’ courts in both civil and criminal matters. It has several divisions, such as the family division dealing with the family problems or the Chancery Division dealing with wills, administration of property, etc.

Comprehension check

What is coroner’s court?

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

Warming-up questions

 

Comprehension check

Warming-up question

Comprehension check

Where can graduates work?

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

INTERNATIONAL LAW

Warming-up questions

Comprehension check

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО

ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ ПРАВОСУДИЯ»

РОСТОВСКИЙ ФИЛИАЛ

КАФЕДРА ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЯ И ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

Английский язык.

Сборник устных тем

для студентов очной формы обучения

(специальность 030501.65 – «Юриспруденция»)

 

 

Ростов-на-Дону

Авторы-составители:

Сосканова М.Р., кандидат философских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры языкознания и иностранных языков Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия

Лысенко Н.А., старший преподаватель кафедры языкознания и иностранных языков Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия

Рецензенты:

Кудряшов И.А., доктор филологических наук, профессор ФОУ ВПО ПИ ЮФУ.

Гришечко О.С., кандидат филологических наук, доцентФОУ ВПО ПИ ЮФУ.

 

 

 

Сборник одобрен кафедрой языкознания и иностранных языков Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия (протокол № 5 от 25 декабря 2009 г.)

Рекомендован к изданию УМС Ростовского филиала Российской академии правосудия (протокол № 2010 г.).

 

© Ростовский филиал Российской академии правосудия, 2010

© Сосканова М.Р.Лысенко Н.А., 2010

Предлагаемый сборник направлен на развитие навыков чтения, перевода и монологической речи студентов первого и второго курсов юридического факультета, изучающих английский язык на дневном отделении.

Лексический материал подобран с учетом требований, предъявляемых студентам 1 и 2 курса юридического факультета очной формы обучения.

Основными целями пособия являются:

· обеспечение студентов лексическим материалом для последующего изучения на аудиторных и внеаудиторных занятиях

· активизация навыков разговорной речи

· расширение и обогащение словарного запаса студентов по основным лексическим темам

 

 

Содержание

1. Сlimate and weather……………………………………………………….5

2. Environmental protection………………………………………………….6

3. Work and jobs…………………………………………………………….11

4. My future profession……………………………………………………...12

5. In the USA:The Media……………………………………………………14

6. In Britain: The Media…………………………………………………….16

7. Geography of the USA……………………………………………………18

8. The American Political System…………………………………………..20

9. The Judicial system of the United States of America…………………...22

10. Higher education in the USA…………………………………………….23

11. Legal education in the USA..…………………………………………….26

12. The American legal profession…………………………………………..27

13. The Geography of the UK……………………………………………….29

14. The Political system of the UK…………………………………………..31

15. The Court system of the UK……………………………………………..33

16. The Legal profession in Great Britain………………………………......35

17. The Geography of the Russian Federation …………………………….37

18. The Political set-up of the Russian Federation…………………………38

19. Judicial system of the Russian Federation……………………………...41

20. Higher education in Russia………………………………………………43

21. Rostov academy of justice and legal training in Russia……………….46

22. The legal profession in Russia…………………………………………...48

23. International law…………………………………………………………50

CLIMATE AND WEATHER

Warming-up questions