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For and Against Classical Music

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1. For: Classical music gives the listener a keen sensual delight. This music creates a special mood. It is wonderful to dream and medi­tate to this music. The metallic monotonous beat of jazz or the shrill shouts of pop singers: what are they in comparison with this special miraculous world created by sensitive talented men?

Against: Classical music is a complicated art: it is difficult to find one's way in it.

2. For: Classical music has a deep intellectual appeal.

Against: Classical music is also an exclusive art: most people don't like or understand it; that's why it is not popular. The very length of most classical pieces can send any listener to sleep. People want the kind of music to which they can dance or just talk to friends. It should be simple, cheerful and up-to-date.

3. For: Classical music creates a special spiritual world for the listener which immensely enriches his inner life and makes him happy.

Against: Pop music and jazz also create a special spiritual world for the listener, and this world is full of dynamism, harmony, sensua­lity. Jazz music, for example, has the advantage of extreme sincerity.

For and Against Pop Music

1. For: Pop music is the music of the young who search for new rhythms and new styles and reject the music of the past that is forced on them by the older generation.

Against: Before rejecting the old rhythms and styles, one should know something about them. Most pop-music fans don't.

2. For: The new rhythms are full of vigour and force: just what appeals to young people. The tunes are snappy and easily caught.

Against: The rhythms may be new and vigorous, but they lack variety. The tunes are mostly primitive and as easily forgotten as caught.

3. For: The words of the songs deal with the young people's world: their hopes, dreams, disappointments and joys.

Against: The words of some of the songs are absolutely sense­less, sometimes verging on the idiotic.

4. For: The very popularity of the genre speaks in its favour. It attracts great masses of young people. Why should we deprive them of the joy they obviously get from this music?

Against: Medical research has proved that the volume of sound produced by powerful amplifiers at some pop concerts does great da­mage both to the sense of hearing and to the nervous system. Indeed, cases of mass hysteria are not at all unusual at pop concerts. Are we bringing up a generation of half-deaf neurotics?

Music in Britain

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries English musicians had a great reputation in Europe, both for their talent and for their originality. It was their experiments in keyboard music which helped to form the base from which grew most of the great harpsi­chord and piano music. William Byrd was the most distinguished English composer of this time, and his name is still widely known.

In the centuries which followed, England produced no composers of world rank except for Purcell in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and Elgar in the twentieth century. Today, however, many people believe that there has been a reflowering of English music, and that the compositions of some contemporary compos­ers will live on after their deaths. The music of Michael Tippett, Benjamin Britten and William Walton is performed all over the world.

Benjamin Britten was not modern in the musical sense of the word, but he was modern in his attitude towards his public. He has been called a 'people's composer' because he composed music, particularly operas and choral works, that can be sung by ordinary people and by children. Some of his operas, such as Noyes Fludde (Noah's Flood) are performed in churches every year, and people from the surrounding area sing and act in them. The festival which he started in his little home town, Aldeburg, on the North Sea coast of Suffolk, has become one of the most important musical festivals in Europe. Benjamin Britten's music, however, is traditionally compared with the works of many of the younger generation of composers. The music of composers like Peter Maxwell Davies, Richard Rodney Benett, John Tavener, and Andrew Lloyd Webber are having considerable influence and popularity abroad. It is significant that Richard Rodney Benett is a very fine trumpeter and once played the piano in a jazz band. The dividing lines between serious music on the one hand and jazz, pop and folk music on the
other, are becoming less and less clear, and the influence that they are having on one another is increasing. Many twentieth-century British composers, including Vaughan Williams, Tipett and Britten have been attracted and influenced by old English folk songs. Most musicals of Andrew Lloyd Webber, like Jesus Christ Superstar, Cats, The Phantom of the Opera, Evita, Sunset Boulevard are still hits staged in the best theatres of England, the United States and other countries.

 

 

Musical theatre

Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. The emotional content of the piece – humor, pathos, love, anger – as well as the story itself, is communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called simply, " musicals ". Musicals are performed all around the world. They may be presented in large venues, such as big budget West End and Broadway theatre productions in London and New York City, or in smaller Fringe Theatre, Off-Broadway or regional productions, on tour, or by amateur groups in schools, theatres and other performance spaces. In addition to Britain and North America, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in many countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia. Some famous musicals include Show Boat, Oklahoma!, West Side Story, The Fantasticks, Hair, A Chorus Line, Les Misérables, The Phantom of the Opera, Rent, and The Producers.

Definitions: the three main components of a musical are the music, the lyrics, and the book. The book of a musical refers to the story of the show – in effect its spoken (not sung) lines; however, "book" can also refer to the dialogue and lyrics together, which are sometimes referred to (as in opera) as the libretto (Italian for “little book”). The music and lyrics together form the score of the musical. The interpretation of the musical by the creative team heavily influences the way that the musical is presented. The creative team includes a director, a musical director and usually a choreographer. A musical's production is also creatively characterized by technical aspects, such as set, costumes, stage properties, lighting, etc. that generally change from production to production (although some famous production aspects tend to be retained from the original production, for example, Bob Fosse's choregraphy in Chicago). The 20th century "book musical" has been defined as a musical play where the songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story, with serious dramatic goals, that is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter.. The material for musicals is often original, but many musicals are adapted from novels (Wicked and Man of La Mancha), plays (Hello, Dolly!), classic legends (Camelot), historical events (Evita) or films (The Producers and Hairspray). On the other hand, many familiar musical theatre works have been the basis for musical films, such as The Sound of Music, West Side Story, My Fair Lady, Beauty and the Beast and Chicago. India produces numerous musical films, referred to as "Bollywood" musicals, and Japan produces Anime-style musicals. Another recent genre of musicals, called "jukebox musicals" (Mamma Mia!), weaves songs written by (or introduced by) a popular artist or group into a story – sometimes based on the life or career of the person/group in question

Andrew Lloyd Webber

Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer of musical theatre, the elder son of William Lloyd Webber and also the brother of the renowned cellist Julian Lloyd Webber. Lloyd Webber started composing at the age of six and published his first piece at the age of nine.

Lord Lloyd-Webber has achieved great popular success, with several musicals that have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. He has also gained a number of honours, including a knighthood in 1992, followed by a peerage, seven Tony Awards, three Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, an Emmy Award, seven Olivier Awards, a Golden Globe, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2006. Several of his songs, notably "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from Jesus Christ Superstar, "Don't Cry for Me, Argentina" from Evita, "Memory" from Cats, and "The Music of the Night" from The Phantom of the Opera have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals. His company, the Really Useful Group, is one of the largest theatre operators in London.

Producers in several parts of the UK have staged productions, including national tours, of Lloyd Webber's musicals under licence from the Really Useful Group.

Приложение 3: Tаблица неправильных глаголов.

Infinitive (V1) Past Simple (V2) Past Participle перевод
1 be was/were been быть, находиться
2 begin began begun начинать
3 become became become становиться
4 break broke broken ломать
5 bring brought brought приносить
6 build built built строить
7 buy bought bought покупать
8 come came come приходить
9 do did done делать
10 have had had иметь
11 drink drank drunk пить
12 eat ate eaten есть
13 find found found находить
14 get got got получать, добираться
15 give gave given давать
16 go went gone ходить
17 know knew known знать
18 learn learnt learnt учить, узнавать
19 leave left left оставлять, покидать
20 let let let позволять
21 lose lost lost терять, проигрывать
22 make made made делать
23 mean meant meant значить
24 meet met met встречать,знакомиться
25 pay paid paid платить
26 put put put класть
27 read read read читать
28 say said said сказать
29 see saw seen видеть
30 send sent sent посылать
31 speak spoke spoken говорить
32 sit sat sat сидеть
33 spend spent spent проводить
34 stand stood stood стоять
35 take took taken брать
36 teach taught taught преподавать
37 tell told told рассказывать
38 think thought thought думать
39 understand understood understood понимать
40 write wrote written писать

 

 

Литература

 

  1. Бурова З.И. Учебник английского языка для гуманитарных специальностей вузов, М.: Айрис-пресс, 2006.
  2. Либерман Н. И. Английский язык для вузов искусств. М.: Высш. шк. 1989.
  3. Голицынский Ю. Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 6-е изд., – СПб.: КАРО, 2010.
  4. http://en.wikipedia.org

 

 



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