Make the list of the unknown words from the text (not less than 20), translate and learn them.

3. Find the word or phrase in the text which means the same as the following:

 

1) debate;

2) offer;

3) to bе alike;

4) оссur,

 

3. Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the bох and translate them:

tremendous extinct selective the fossils

 

1) Darwin's work has had а... impact оп religious thought.

2) In South America, Darwin found fossils of.... animals that closely resemble modern species.

3) Не believed that а similar kind of.... process took place in nature.

4) Darwin col1ected.... and other specimens of organisms for future study.

 

4. Find the ends of the following halves of the sentences in the text:

1) Such noted British scientists as Thomas Henry Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace...

2) The expedition visited places throughout the world,...

3) The earth cannot possibly support аll these organisms,...

4) Darwin called this process...

5)..., presented facts that disputed this belief.

 

6.Answer the questions: · Where did Charles Darwin study?· How was the impact of Darwin’s theories on religious thought?· What was the essence of Darwin’s theories of evolution?

 

GRAMMAR

Articles

We use a/an when the listener doesn’t know which thing we mean. We use the when it is clear which thing we mean. For example, in a room we talk about “ the light / the floor / the ceiling / the door ” etc. We also say the police/the fire-brigade/the army/the bank/the doctor.

We say the … when there is only one of something. We say the sea/the sky/the ground/the countryside/the country. We say go to sea/be at sea (without the) when the meaning is “ go/be on a voyage ”. We say space when we mean space in the universe.

When we say the cinema, the theatre, we don’t necessarily mean one particular cinema or theatre.

We usually say the radio but television. The television means the television set.

We don’t normally use the with the names of meals. We say a meal and we also say a when there is an adjective before the names of meals.

We use the +a singular countable noun when we talk about a type of plant, animal, machine, invention and about musical instruments.

We use the with some adjectives (without a noun). The meaning is always plural.

 

 

The rich, the poor, the old, the young, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the dead, the disabled, the unemployed, the injured.

 

You use the with some nationality adjectives when you mean “the people of that country”:

The British, the English, the Welsh, the Irish, the Spanish, the French, the Dutch, the Swiss.

We use the with nationality words ending in – ese (the Japanese, the Chinese), with other nationalities you have to use a plural noun ending in – s (the Russians, the Italians, the Arabs, the Scots, the Turks)

Exercise 7

Complete the following sentences, insert the proper articles or words into the gasps.

1. I turned off ___ light, opened ___ door and went out.

2. Do you live very far from ____ centre?

3. I’d like to speak to ____ manager, please.

4. Excuse me, can I ask ___ question, please?

5. What’s on ___ television tonight?

6. I never have ____ breakfast.

7. When I’m working at home I like listening to ___ radio.

8. You’re ill. You should go to ___ doctor.

9. Do you often go to ___ cinema?

10. We had ___ nice dinner list night.

11. ___ giraffe is the tallest of all animals.

12. Why doesn’t the government do more to help ___ unemployed?

CHECK YOUSELVES

TEST № 2

Task № 1

Choose the correct word!

Would you like … apple.

a)an

b) a

c) the

d) -

Task № 2

Choose the correct word!

Have you got … car?

а) an

b) the

c) a

d) -

Task № 3

Choose the correct word!

There were no chairs so we all had to sit on … floor.

а) an

b) a

c) -

d) the

Task № 4

Choose the correct word!

As soon as I saw the fire, I callеd … fire brigade.

а) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

Task № 5

Choose the correct word!

When we found that someone had broken into our house, we called … police.

а) a

b) the

c) -

d) an

Task № 6

Choose the correct word!

Ann isn't very well, she has gone to … doctor/

a) the

b) an

c) a

d) -

Task № 7

Choose the correct word!

… President of the United States is elected every four years.

a) an

b) the

c) a

d) -

Task № 8

Choose the correct word!

We didn't have any money, so we had to go to … bank.

a) -

b) an

c) a

d) the

Task № 9

Choose the correct word!

It was … biggest hotel in the city.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

Task № 10

Choose the correct word!

I wrote my name at … top of the page.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

Task № 11

Choose the correct word!

I'm not very hungry. I had … big breakfast.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

Task № 12

Choose the correct word!

I 've invited Tom to … dinner next Friday.

a) -

b) a

c) an

d) the

Task № 13

Choose the correct word!

Did you see the film at … cinema?

a) a

b) an

c) -

d) the

Task № 14

Choose the correct word!

… moon goes round the earth every 27 days.

a) the

b) a

c) an

d) -

Task № 15

Choose the correct word!

We often watch … television.

a) a

b) -

c) an

d) the

Task № 16

Choose the correct word!

Jill plays … violin in an orchestra.

a) a

b) an

c) -

d) the

Task № 17

Choose the correct word!

… whale is a mammal but it lives in the sea.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

Task № 18

Choose the correct word!

That man over there is collecting money for … blind.

a) the

b) an

c) a

d) -

Task № 19

Choose the correct word!

… French are famous for their food.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

Task № 20

Choose the correct word!

Do you think … rich should pay more taxes?

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

 

 

COMMUNICATION

 

Case study

Working in groups of three or four read the texts about Sir Winston Churchill and Charles Darwin (Unit I and Unit II) and prepare presentations about these famous people.

While preparing presentations use advise below to be more successful.

 

The Most Effective Format of Presentation · Introduction: set the tone and the theme · Motivation opening: tell them why to listen; lift your visor · Outline of agenda: help them to understand and picture the structure of your material · Present your basic idea: explain the whole idea first so whatever further explanation comes next can be hung from the framework you create right at the beginning · Content - section by section: begin to break into segments; present each segment with its details · Recap each section: build in a recap at the end of each section before you finish and go on, for reinforcement and additional clarification · Make transitions to next section: let everyone know you're about to go to a new topic; this makes your outline structure continuously clear · Wrap-up: at the end of all the components, wrap up by restating the whole idea, hitting the major points · Conclusion: finish memorably with a grand finale - bringing together all the elements of your presentation by reviewing the highlights and restating your major argument.

WRITING