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Practise introducing ideas or statements using phrases from list number 1.Содержание книги
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TALKING AND DISCUSSING
This unit deals mainly with the art of discussing everyday themes and leads you through the main stages of argument. The main thing to remember throughout is that the British are less inclined to get to the point immediately.
TALKING AND DISCUSSING
1. Introducing opinions is done by phrases which are not always forthright.
2. Asking other people ’ s opinions on a subject not only demonstrates your interest in their opinions, but draws them into the discussion at the same time.
3. Agreeing to opinions can be done by using some of the phrases listed below.
4. Being convinced at the end of an argument
5. Doubts, reservations and only partial agreement are expressed in these phrases:
6. Disagreeing completely with people is sometimes inevitable, but phrases beginning with “I’m afraid …” can often soften the disagreement. Useful phrases are:
In an informal atmosphere or among people who know each other very well you may well use the following exclamations to express your total disagreement or disbelief.
7. Agreeing to differ at the end of an argument
8. Referring to facts or other people’s opinions can help support your argument. Begin your sentences with:
9. Hesitating and playing for time is important when you are not quite sure what to say next or how to express your opinion clearly.
10. Conjunctions provide thenecessary link or juxtaposition (сопоставление) for your ideas. Some common ones are listed below:
Exercises Find out other people’s opinions. Using the same statements as above refer to list number 2 to help you. Example: All boys should learn to cook. Don’t you think that all boys should learn to cook? Mini-dialogues 1. Two students talk about exams. A introduces: needed for qualification В agrees partially: fear not healthy A disagrees partially: knowledge increases В convinced 2. Two colleagues talk about the influence of television. A introduces: source of information В agrees partially: many disadvantages A agrees partially: advantages outweigh disadvantages В convinced 3. Two people talk about men and women drivers. A introduces: women terrible drivers В disagrees totally: men take risks A doubts: women too hesitant В can’t agree 4. Father and daughter talk about fashion. A introduces: latest fashion sometimes silly (глупа) В disagrees: variety important A agrees partially: expensive to keep up with fashion trends В convinced 5. Two friends talk about marriage. A introduces: marriage out of date В disagrees totally: good basis for relationship A disagrees totally: not necessary, love binds В agrees partially: love lasts forever 6. By referring to certain things you express an opinion on the subject in
Example: If you take his young age into account... or: Considering his young age he plays the violin wonderfully. 7. Give a one-minute talk, totally unprepared, as in the example below on “babies”. The idea is to keep constantly talking and not to be silent while you are speaking. Refer to the phrases for “Hesitating and playing for time” from list number 9 and “Conjunctions” number 10. A good way to start is “Well, I’ve been asked to talk about ….” or: “I’d like to begin by saying ….” Example: “Well, I’ve been asked to talk about babies. Babies – well, we cannot imagine our life without babies, you know, and we come across babies and young children everywhere in everyday life, but to give a talk about them that’s not so easy. You see, if you haven’t got one of these – how shall I put it – little nuisances (неприятности) at home, it is difficult to talk about them. Anyway, Ishall look at it from a theoretical point of view. I mean, it’s quite good to think of the theoretical aspects before actually dealing with the practical side. However, it’s sort of (как-то) difficult to separate (отделить) theory from practice, nevertheless …. 8. Give a similar talk on one these subjects: breakfast / coffee / tourism / nudism / gardening / leisure What other subjects would you like to talk about? 9. A family of four discusses the question where to go on holiday next year. Everybody wants to join in the talk by either contradicting* or adding** to what has been said. Father: seaside, very tired, relax Mother: enjoys walking, going to places of interest Daughter: camping, save money Son: cook meals ourselves, not worry about restaurants Mother: too much work, prefers hotel Daughter: accommodation at a lake Son: walking, swimming and going to places of interest ------------------------------------------------ * contradicting – противоречие ** adding – дополнение 10. Should families have pets (a dog, a cat, a bird etc.)? Talk about the pros and cons. Pros joy, pleasure, affection*, companion, walks healthy, nice to care for dependent being, children love pet Cons time, need constant attention, dirty, ruin furniture**, no natural environment***, expensive, no freedom, can’t travel ------------------------------------------------ * affection – взаимодействие ** furniture – мебель *** environment – окружающая среда Thank you!
Reading Comprehension Tests Text 1A EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Practise introducing opinions using phrases from list number 1. Try to use appropriate phrases from lists number 3,4,5,6 for expressing agreement, doubt, reservations, partial agreement and disagreement.
1. Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states and held the last place in the world history, would not you agree on that? 2. The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Hungary in the 9th century, didn’t it? 3. Between the 15th-18th centuries Russians developed a high civilization, didn’t they? 4. During this period numerous cultural treasures were accumulated, weren’t they? 5. The level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of Ancient India, wasn’t it? 6. Monasteries were cultural and educational centres, weren’t they? 7. They had large libraries and well-equipped Internet Clubs, hadn’t they?
8. In pre-revolutionary Russia there were not primary schools for common people, were there? 9. Illiteracy among common people was very high, wasn’t it? 10. Well-off people could teach their children in grammar or commercial schools because the entrance to the schools for nobles only was limited, could not you agree on that? 11. Only girls at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for six years, wouldn’t you agree? 12. Great attention was paid to physical training which consisted of running, jumping, wrestling and throwing the discus, couldn’t you agree on that? 13. The aim of this school was to bring up hard and warlike people, wasn’t it?
14. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1896 when the Moscow Railway Transport Institute was founded, don’t you think so?
15. After the revolution 1917 education was free of charge, including higher education and was guaranteed to the citizens of Moscow, wasn’t it? 16. Teaching at schools was carried out in russian language only and the system of education was the same throughout the country, wouldn’t you agree?
17. Changes in political, economic and social conditions didn’t require changes in the system of education, did they?
Thank you!
Reading Comprehension Test Text 2A HISTORY OF EDUCATION
Practise introducing opinions using phrases from list number 1. Try to use appropriate phrases from lists number 3,4,5,6 for expressing agreement, doubt, reservations, partial agreement and disagreement.
1. We continue to learn as long as we live, don’t we? 2. But the education we receive in the secondary school doesn’t help us to continue learning, does it? 3. We are taught to read, write, do calculation and are taught many important facts about the world around us, aren’t we? 4. However later in life we are not able to find out things ourselves and we have to ask other people to help us. Could not you agree on that? 5. Very early in the history of mankind children were taught by their parents, would not you agree on that? 6. It is thought that the first schools started in ancient Greece, didn’t they? 7. In order to teach reading and writing specially trained people were not needed. It could be done by everyone, don’t you think so? What about Great Britain? 8. In Egypt as in ancient India people were divided into groups or into the four castes, and only the sons of the priestly caste attended the schools, would not you agree on that? Could not you comment it? 9. In China education was organized according to social classes and consisted of learning the Ethics and Psychology of Family Life by heart until the middle of the XX-th century, would not you agree? 10. As for Greece, this country gives a clear example of the way in which neighbouring peoples produce the same type of education, don’t you think so? I mean two Greek states: Sparta and Athens. At the very same time they were building what we call a liberal education, don’t you see it that way? Could you comment it? 11. The Athenians and Spartans thought it important to educate the body as well as the mind, didn’t they? 12. As time went on Athenian education paid special attention to reading, writing, literature, didn’t it? 13. As for common people in Greece, they were not educated and were not trained in craftsmanship, workmanship, trades, were they? 14. However since those days Greek ideas have influenced European education especially secondary and higher education, haven’t they? 15. Would not you agree, when I said that the Romans at 6 or 7 went to the primary school, where they learned “three R’s”: reading, writing, arithmetic? How many stages did the education provide? 16. In Great Britain the main system of teaching was the “Monitor” system, wasn’t it? 17. The teacher could manage a class of 1000 or more by using “monitors” to help him, couldn’t he?
Thank you!
Reading Comprehension Test Practise introducing opinions using phrases from list number 1. Try to use appropriate phrases from lists number 3, 4, 5, 6 for expressing agreement, doubt, reservations, partial agreement and disagreement.
1. The designing of London’s Underground was a great success and its building was a great achievement, wasn’t it? 2. Bands were playing and the gentlemen in hats were preparing to make the first underground railway travel in the world, weren’t they? 3. The first underground railway travel in the world was not long, the distance of almost 6,5 km, couldn’t you agree? 4. It was the year 1890 and on that first historic day 3,000 Londoners used this new and strange way of travel, wouldn’t you agree on that? 5. Now the London tube carries more than a million passengers every year, doesn’t it? 6. The total number of passengers carried by the London Underground each year is enormous, and it is constantly growing, don’t you think so? 7. In the early days the trains were driven by horses or buffalos, but their use was very inefficient, because the animals got very tired and lost their ability to haul trains. Wouldn’t you support this argument? 8. It is said that the train staff and porters had to have a smog mask, because the atmosphere “underground” was very hard, couldn’t you support this argument? 9. Tunnelling a tube through miles of clay, sometimes sand and gravel is no easy task, wouldn’t you agree on that? 10. One of the longest continuous railway tunnels in the world is the 17 ½ mile tunnel on the Western line, isn’t it? 11. There are numerous escalators which help to keep the traffic moving. The first was put into operation in 1900, wasn’t it? 12. On long escalators the speed is changeable. The “up” escalator runs at full speed when carrying passengers, but when empty it doesn’t run, couldn’t you agree? 13. The air in the London’s Underground is changed every 10 min., and the temperature is maintained according to the season and weather conditions outside, wouldn’t you agree on that? 14. The problem of overcrowding on certain lines at peak periods is very important, it is being discussed and it is planned to improve the service for the future, couldn’t you support this statement? 15. The fare in the Underground doesn’t depend on the distance and is not more than 50 pence, don’t you see it that way? 16. Crime levels on London’s transport are generally reflected by crime levels in London, wouldn’t you agree on that? 17. According to the statistics the crime level in the Underground is rather high, isn’t it?
Thank you!
Reading Comprehension Test Reading Comprehension Test Reading Comprehension Test Reading Comprehension Test Text 7A THE HOUSE
Practise introducing opinions using phrases from list number 1. Try to use appropriate phrases from lists number 3, 4, 5, 6 for expressing agreement, doubt, reservations, partial agreement and disagreement.
1. The kind of house the man built depended upon the air pressure, didn’t it? 2. The first houses in many parts of the world were made of flowers and stone, weren’t they? If not, so why? 3. In other regions the most convenient building material was clay, wasn’t it? 4. The most ancient homes on the territory of Greece were eathenhouses, weren’t they? 5. One such home was discovered near Athen in 1927, couldn’t you agree on that? 6. Don’t you think that it was created as a deep hole of ring shape with the floor covered with leaves and grass? As far as I know the roof had been conical and stood on poles (столб) covered by skins of silver fox, would’t you agree? 7. The ancient Egyptians built very complicated and expensive houses, didn’t they? 8. The Egyptian art of building was ugly (безобразный), don’t you think so? 9. Their pyramids and monuments, palaces and sphinxes arouse our indignation (негодование, возмущение) to this day, don’t they? 10. The Egypt learned much from the Greeks, wouldn’t you agree on that? 11. A slanting roof was borrowed by the Greeks because they liked rolling on the roof, don’t you think so? 12. It was ancient Egypt that gave the world its first lessons in the art of making arch, couldn’t you agree on that? 13. The famous Cathedral of St. Sophia has remained, don’t you think so? Its cornerstone was laid in 1037 in Kiev in commemoration of the victory over the Pechenegs, couldn’t you agree on that? 14. The churches of that time were strong buildings with thick walls and huge windows, weren’t they? 15. The churches were often used as fortresses against enemy invasions, weren’t they? 16. Buildings of the 19th century are not characterized by the use of new materials and by a great diversity of architectural styles, don’t you think so? 17. Architecture of the 20th century is characterized by very high buildings, wouldn’t you agree?
Thank you!
Reading Comprehension Test Practise introducing opinions using phrases from list number 1. Try to use appropriate phrases from lists number 3, 4, 5, 6 for expressing agreement, doubt, reservations, partial agreement and disagreement.
1. The word transport means to carry people or freights from place to place, doesn't it? 2. And it is also used for the vehicles that carry people or goods, isn't it? 3. Motor transport includes buses, lorries, motor coaches and supersonic airplanes, doesn't it? 4. In New Zealand there is a word transportation for the same thing, isn’t it? 5. The remark "transportation is civilization " was made by an aristocrat, businessman Charles Rolls, who was especially interested in cars, and lived in Great Britain, would not you agree on that? 6. And now it is time to draw you attention to the history of transport. There are two stages, aren't they? 7. The 1 st stage began with the development of the steam engine, didn't it? The 2 nd stage depended on the development of the electricity, electric motor and the internal combustion engine, as the main sources of power for transport, didn't it? 8. As to the ancient people, the most of them were good builders and they had never left their places where they lived in, wouldn’t you agree? They lived in the good built settled homes, didn’t they? 9. At that time the men had two, three or more wives, they had to provide two or more families and moved from place to place, don't you agree? 10. As they moved from place to place the men were followed by the women who carried their goods and had to be ready to give advice concerning housekeeping, kids education, wouldn't you agree on that? 11. Then pack animals were used for carrying goods, weren’t they? 12. The dog was one of the first transport animals used for carrying freights because it is too small to carry much, don’t you think so? 13. With the invention of the wheel a new headache to be solved appeared: a system of roads was necessary, couldn’t you agree? 14. The first long- distance paved roads in Britain and also over much Europe were made by the Gipsy wandering tribes, wouldn't you agree on that? 15. When the Roman Empire collapsed, the first new road called Autobahn was built, wasn't it? 16. There were two problems to be solved – first, how to make good roads, and, second, to decide who was to pay for them, don’t you think so? 17. In Great Britain these problems were solved in the 19 th century, could you agree? 18. A cabriolet is a heavy four – wheeled carriage introduced from France in the 19 th century, isn’t it? 19. The word taxi is short for taxi cab which in turn comes from the words taximeter and cabriolet, don’t you think so? Thank you! Библиографический список
1. Английский язык для инженеров: у чеб. / Т.Ю. Полякова, Е.В. Синявская и др. – 5-е изд., стереотип. – М.: Высш. шк., 2000. – 463 с. 2. Шпаковская И.В. О себе по-английски: Learn to Speak About Yourself. Учеб. диалоги на различные темы. Отрывки из лит. пр. Ключевые слова и выражения: учеб. пособие / И.В. Шпаковская. – М.: Астрель: АСТ: Транзиткнига, 2005. – 222, [2] с. 3. Каджазнуни Л.К., Фролова И.Е., Баранова Н.И. Dive and Swim. Начальный курс разговорного английского языка: пособие для студентов нефилологических вузов / Л.К. Каджазнуни, И.Е. Фролова, Н.И. Баранова – М.: Линка-Пресс, Владос, 1994. – 232 с. 4. Баранников А. Русско-английский разговорник. – М.: «Мартин», 1997. – 223 с. 5. Гринбаум С., Уиткат Дж. Словарь трудностей английского языка. – М.: Рус. яз., 1990. – 786 с. 6. Хорнби А.С. Учебный словарь современного английского языка: спец. изд. для СССР / А.С. Хорнби при участии К. Руз. – М.: Просвещение, 1984. – XII, – 769 с. 7. Большой англо-русский словарь. В 2-х т. Ок. 160 000 слов / Ю.Д. Апресян, И.Р. Гальперин, Р.С. Гинзбург и др. М.: Русский язык, 1987. 8. Wollen wir uns unterhalten: /Susanne Schenk, Erika Schönemann, Lorraine Watkins-Mathys. – 1. Aufl. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie, 1987. – 171 S. 9. Löwe R. Sprachführer Deutsch-Englisch / bearb. von R. Löwe. – 4./ unferänd. Aufl. – Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie, 1987. – 174 S. 10. Дубровин М.И. Иллюстрированный путеводитель по английской грамматике. Экспресс-курс: пособие для учащихся и их родителей. / М.И Дубровин – Ч. I. М.: «Начала-ПРЕСС», 1992. – 224 с. 11. Дубровин М.И. Иллюстрированный путеводитель по английской грамматике. Экспресс-курс: пособие для учащихся и их родителей. / М.И Дубровин – Ч. II. М.: «Начала-ПРЕСС», 1992. – 208 с. 12. Dean Curry. Illustrated American Idioms: Advanced Level Functional Activities for Development of Vocabulary. – Office of English Language Programs, Materials Branch United States Department of State Washington D.C. 1999. – 99 р. TALKING AND DISCUSSING
This unit deals mainly with the art of discussing everyday themes and leads you through the main stages of argument. The main thing to remember throughout is that the British are less inclined to get to the point immediately.
TALKING AND DISCUSSING
1. Introducing opinions is done by phrases which are not always forthright.
2. Asking other people ’ s opinions on a subject not only demonstrates your interest in their opinions, but draws them into the discussion at the same time.
3. Agreeing to opinions can be done by using some of the phrases listed below.
4. Being convinced at the end of an argument
5. Doubts, reservations and only partial agreement are expressed in these phrases:
6. Disagreeing completely with people is sometimes inevitable, but phrases beginning with “I’m afraid …” can often soften the disagreement. Useful phrases are:
In an informal atmosphere or among people who know each other very well you may well use the following exclamations to express your total disagreement or disbelief.
7. Agreeing to differ at the end of an argument
8. Referring to facts or other people’s opinions can help support your argument. Begin your sentences with:
9. Hesitating and playing for time is important when you are not quite sure what to say next or how to express your opinion clearly.
10. Conjunctions provide thenecessary link or juxtaposition (сопоставление) for your ideas. Some common ones are listed below:
Exercises Practise introducing ideas or statements using phrases from list number 1. Example: All boys should learn to cook. I think all boys should learn to cook. Now you try to introduce some of the following: 1. Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents. 2. School and university holidays are too long. 3. Saving money is a waste of effort (пустая затея). 4. 25 is the best age to get married. 5. Women work harder than men. 6. Smoking is a bad social habit. 7. Television is an enemy of family life. 8. Accidents (аварии, катастрофы) in industry are the inevitable (неизбежный) price of technological progress. 9. Taste isn’t inborn (врожденный), it can be acquired.
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