Граматичний матеріал: Узгодження часів.

Ex. 1. Convert the following statements into indirect speech.

1. John said: "I met them at the airport yester­day." 2. He said: "I shall come to the party if I am free tomorrow." 3. She said: "I shall go to the cin­ema in the evening if I am not very tired." 4. My mother said to me: "It will be difficult for you to get up tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once." 5. Nina said: "I like music and I listen to it every evening before going to bed." 6. My aunt said: "I shall not be thirsty if I eat some grapes." 7. Moth­er said to us: "Don't go out before I return." 8. My sister said: "I shall be neither hungry nor thirsty if I have a cup of tea with a sandwich." 9. Mary said: "Don't switch on TV, Fred, I am working." 10. The teacher said to us: "You will have to work hard tomorrow." 11. My girl-friend said to me: "I shall not be able to go for a walk with you today, because I am very busy." 12. She said to me: "How long are you going to stay in the country?" 13. He said to me: "I like to go to the canteen during the break." 14. He asked me: "When will you go to the canteen?"

 

III. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.

1. See Dinos Demetriades. Information Technology, Unit 14 “Sending files over the Internet”, Ex. 1-7).

 

 

Модуль самостійної роботи:

1. Прийменник.

2. Індивідуальне читання за фахом.

Прийменник

Питання для самоконтролю (відповідати у письмовій формі):

1. Дайте визначення прийменника.
2. На які групи поділяються прийменники за значенням?
3. Назвіть якомога більше прийменників.
4. Яке місце в структурі англійського речення займають прийменники.
5. Дайте характеристику багатозначності прийменників в англійській мові.

Вправа 1. Вставте прийменники on, in або into.

1. There are many people … the park today.
2. There is a girl standing … the bridge. Why is she crying? – She has dropped her doll … the water.
3. There is no tea... my cup.
4. Pour some tea … my cup.
5. Put these flowers … the windowsill.
6. I saw many people … the platform waiting for the train.
7. We went … the garden and sat down … a bench.
8. The teacher hung a picture … the black-board.
9. He put his hand … his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it … the mailbox which hung … the wall of the house. Then he got … his car and drove off.
10. Where is the book? – It is … the table.

Вправа 2. Вставте прийменники to або of.

1. The young scientist was trying to prove … the professor the necessity … the experiment.
2. London is the capital … Great Britain.
3. It is clear … me that you don’t know your lesson.
4. He was devoted … his friend.
5. I explained … the teacher that by the end … the lesson I had not finished the translation … the text and that’s why I had not handed it … him. The surprise … the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange … the teacher.
6. He bought a book … English poems and gave it … his sister.
7. I wrote … him asking to send me a box … chocolates.
8. There is a monument … Pushkin in the Square … Arts.

Вправа 3. Вставте прийменники with або by.

1. He was taken to hospital … an ambulance.
2. He was treated … very effective drugs.
3. The boy cut his finger … a knife.
4. The boat was carried … the waves into the open sea.
5. He wrote his latter … a pencil.
6. America was discovered … Columbus.
7. We eat soup … a spoon.
8. He was killed … a knife.
9. He was killed … the robbers.
10. He was knocked down … a big stick.
11. He was knocked down … a car.

Вправа 4. Вставте прийменник, якщо це необхідно.

1. We tried to speak … him, but he did not want to listen … us. He did not even look … us and did not answer … our questions.
2. Your brother complains … you. He says you always laugh … him, never speak … him and never answer … his questions.
3. When I entered … the room, everybody looked … me with surprise: they had not waited … me.
4. At the end … the street she turned … the corner, walked … the bus stop and began waiting … the bus.
5. My mother is afraid … rats.
6. “What do you complain …?” asked the doctor.
7. Turn … the corner … the house and look … the flowers grown … my mother: aren’t they beautiful?
8. He was an excellent pupil, and the teacher never complained … him.
9. She complained … the feeling bad and could not answer … the question … the teacher.

Індивідуальне читання за фахом

Read the text and decide on a suitable title for it.

Make vocabulary to the text.

In 1952, a major computing company took a decision to get out of the business

of making mainframe computers. They believed that there was only a market for four

mainframes in the whole world. That company was IBM. The following year they

reversed their decision.

In 1980, IBM decided that there was a market for 250,000 PCs, so they set up a

special team to develop the first IBM PC. It went on sale in 1981 and set a worldwide

standard for IBM-compatibility which, over the next ten years, was only seriously challenged by one other company, Apple Computers. Since then, over seventy million PCs made by IBM and other manufacturers have been sold. Over this period, PCs have become commodity items. Since IBM made the design non-proprietary, anyone can make them.

The history of the multi-billion dollar PC industry has been one of mistakes.

Xerox Corporation funded the initial research on personal computers in their Palo

Alto laboratory in California. However, the company failed to capitalize on this work,

and the ideas that they put together went into the operating system developed for

Apple's computers. This was a graphical interface: using a mouse, the user clicks on

icons which represent the function to be performed.

The first IBM PC was developed using existing available electrical components.

With IBM's badge on the box it became the standard machine for large corporations

to purchase. When IBM were looking for an operating system, they went initially to

Digital Research, who were market leaders in command-based operating systems

(these are operating systems in which the users type in commands to perform a

function). When the collaboration between IBM and Digital Research failed, IBM

turned to Bill Gates, then 25 years old, to write their operating system. Bill Gates founded Microsoft on the basis of the development of MS/DOS, the initial operating system for the IBM PC. Digital Research have continued to develop their operating system, DR/DOS, and it is considered by many people to be a better product than Microsoft's. However, without an endorsement from IBM, it has become a minor player in the market. Novell, the leaders in PC networking, now own Digital Research, sо things may change.

The original IBM PC had a minimum of 16K of memory, but this could be

upgraded to 512K if necessary, and ran with a processor speed of 4.77MHz. Ten

years later, in 1991, IBM were making PCs with 16Mb of memory, expandable to

64Mb, running with a processor speed of 33MHz. The cost of buying the hardware

has come down considerably as the machine's have become commodity items. Large

companies are considering running major applications on PCs, something which, ten

years ago, no one would have believed possible of a PC. In contrast, many computers

in people's homes are just used to play computer games.

The widespread availability of computers has in all probability changed the

world for ever. The microchip technology which made the PC possible has put chips

not only into computers, but also into washing-machines and cars. Some books may

never be published in paper form, but may only be made available as part of public

databases. Networks of computers are already being used to make information

available on a worldwide scale.

General understanding.

Answer the questions in written form:

1. How many mainframes did IBM think it was possible to sell in 1952?

2. How many PCs have now been sold?

3. Who paid for the initial research into PCs?

4. Which company later used the results of this research to develop their

operating system?

5. What are command-based operating systems?

6. Since the invention of the IBM PC, many of its features have been improved.

Name them.

VІІІ. Змістовий модуль „Їжа. Заклади харчування”

Практичне заняття 1

Тема: Українська кухня. Традиційний та святковий стіл.

План роботи

Ukraine enjoys a variety of traditional cookery, as well as favourite imported dishes. Breakfast is a simple meal of bread, butter, and perhapssoft-boiled eggs. Homemade jam with whole berries in heavy syrup is prized. Lunch may consist of a fish dish, a salad, or a vegetable.

Dinner is the main meal, and guests are treated with great hospitality. Soup is made from available vegetables, such as carrots, cabbage, or turnips, plus a piece of meat that is removed for serving. Accompaniments may include kasha /buckwheat grouts/, cabbage, or pearl barley.

Desserts are simple, perhaps small pastries, a fruit puree, or fruit compote. Tea is the favourite drink, although coffee is enjoyed as well. Kvass, a slightly fermented drink, may be made from white or dark rye bread,

Dialogue

WaiterAre you ready to order now?

Bob: Yes, I think so. Could you tell me what "dolmadakia" is, please?

W: It is vine leaves stuffed with meat and onions and served with lemon sauce.

B: It sounds delicious. I will try that, please. I will have the fish and vegetable soup and the roast lamb with salad, please.

W: What dressing would you like on the salad?

B: French dressing, please.

W: And would you like anything to drink?

B: I’d like some white wine. Is there a Greek wine you can recommend?

W: Well, the Santa Helena is very nice.

B: Yes, a bottle of the Santa Helena then, please.

W: Thank you. Would you like a desert?

B: No, thank you. Just a cup of coffee. And could I have the bill, please?

W: Yes, sir.

Граматичний матеріал: Ex. 5. Convert into indirect speech.

1. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 2. The secretary said to me: "The delegation ar­rived in Kyiv yesterday." 3. "Open the window, please," she said to me. 4. He said: "I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast." 5. "Don't run to the door when you hear the bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 6. She asked me: "How long are you going to stay here?" 7. Mary asked me: "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?" 8. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my elder sister to me. 9. "Have you received a telegram from your wife?" she asked Robert. 10. Mabel said: "Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight." 11. "Please don't smoke in the room," said the old woman to her nephew. 12. "I am shivering with cold," said the girl.

Ex. 6. Convert into indirect speech.

1. "Why did our team lose the game?" said Vera. "It has always been very strong." 2. "Where have you put my book, Mary?" said Tom. "I cannot find it." 3. "I am very happy," said Fred. "I have bought a very good bicycle." 4. "Whom are you waiting for, boys?" asked the man. 5. "I shall not go to the party tomorrow because I don't feel well," said Mary. 6. "We saw a lot of places of interest when we were travelling around Europe last summer," said Wal­ter. 7. "I suppose we shall go to the theatre tomorrow.' " said Jane. 8. "Please, don’t take the books from my table," said Lena to me. "I have specially prepared them for working at my report." 9. "Don't be afraid, Nick," said his grandfather. "This dog is very clever and it won't do you any harm." 10. "I shall gladly go to the cinema with you because I haven't seen this film and I want to see it very much," said my aunt. 11. "Which of you can an­swer my question?" the teacher asked the pupils. 12. "Do you think that simple food is better for children than rich food?" she asked the doctor." 13. Не said: "I haven't yet seen the film you are talking about." 14. He said: "I seldom went to see my friends”.

III. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.