Text 1. Role and contribution of the cooperative movement in today’s world

 

Active vocabulary to remember

contribution entrepreneurial needs profit for the sake of satisfaction sustainability creation employment purchase beneficiaries daily necessities mutualisation family dwelling distribution establishment environment impressive percentage provision integrated relation identification consumer saving-and-credit cooperative stakeholder consumption ordinary comparable competitiveness to reinforce dimension capacity reinvests expansion precious to evaluate solidarity notably developing countries transition recent forthcoming approval strengthening attempt conscious value expertise

– вклад, значение – предпринимательский – нужды, потребности – выгода, доход, польза – ради чего-л. – удовлетворение – устойчивость; устойчивое развитие – создание – занятость – покупка, приобретение – лицо, в интересах которого осуществляется доверительная собственность; бенефициарий – предметы первой необходимости – мутуализация (выгодное сотрудничество) – место жительства отдельной семьи – распределение – учреждение, организация – окружение, окружающая среда – впечатляющий – процентное соотношение – обеспечение – интегрированный, включенный – отношение – определение, идентификация – потребитель – сберегательный и кредитный кооператив – заинтересованное лицо – потребление – обычный, простой – сравнимый – конкурентоспособность – укреплять; усиливать – размер; объём; – возможность, способность – реинвестировать – расширение, экспансия – ценный – оценивать – солидарность, единение, общность – заметно; особенно; а именно; то есть – развивающиеся страны – переходное состояние – недавний – грядущий – одобрение, поддержка – укрепление, усиление – попытка – осознанный – ценность – экспертиза, проверка

 

The main features of the contribution of co-operatives in the world are as follows:

a) We find in the world no other entrepreneurial system having attained such scales and such strong economic sustainability (e.g. almost 7% of Italy's GDP, far ahead of Italy's largest enterprises) while not being motivated by profit for the sake of profit, but invested and democratically participated by the human communities themselves for the satisfaction of their socio-economic needs.

b) This system deals with the most fundamental socio-economic needs of human communities (creation of local economic activities and therefore employment creation, purchase of inputs and marketing of agricultural produce, consumption of daily necessities, mutualisation of savings, construction of family dwellings, distribution of rural electricity, establishment of schools, launching of social and health services to families, disadvantaged groups and local communities, mutualisation of SMEs, promotion of the environment etc.).

c) It covers an impressive part of the world's human communities (750 million people and their families, i.e. around 40% of mankind).

d) It often covers an important percentage of the satisfaction of these communities' needs (e.g. more than 30% of French agriculture, one of the main players within the EU banking sector, the first place in the provision of social services in Italy, one of the first places in the creation of structures for environmental management in the EU, the most important integrated health system in Brazil, one of the main systems of electrical distribution in the US etc.).

e) This system associates its members (and their families) democratically, according to the type of functional relation between those members and the co-operative, thus increasing considerably the sustainability of the latter thanks to the identification of its actors with its objectives (for example, the consumers in consumers' co-operatives, the savers in saving-and-credit co-operatives, the workers in worker co-operatives, the inhabitants in housing co-operatives etc.). More and more multi-stakeholders' group integrate in their midst members of different types (e.g. workers and beneficiaries of social services in Italian or Swedish social co-operatives), opening an important potential of integration of the different co-operative actors.

f) Thanks to its integrated enterprise systems, it is the only economic system belonging to ordinary people that is able to provide them with business scales comparable to large enterprises and therefore to ensure a comparable degree of competitiveness and sustainability. Furthermore, these enterprise systems reinforce a "meso-level" dimension to socio-economic development, thus improving the enterprises' co-ordination capacity and the sharing of resources, information and knowledge (e.g. R&D, marketing, training, consulting, specialisation in production etc.).

g) The co-operative system reinvests continuously in its own expansion, i.e., in the expansion of the satisfaction of the basic socio-economic needs of human communities.

h) Owing to its democratic and participative system, its contribution to socio-economic needs and local development, its entrepreneurial sustainability, and the fact that profit for the sake of profits is not its engine, the co-operative movement plays an important role in the development of civil society and peace. In this sense, co-operation represents an important factor of peace in the world, a very precious contribution though impossible to evaluate with figures.

i) Through its promotion of solidarity, the co-operative system also contains an important component of international solidarity, notably towards developing countries and economies in transition, which has already begun to be put in practice over the last decades, through the launching of a series of international development projects.

j) Through its emphasis on trans-national co-operation (reinforced by recent ICA strategic statements, the forthcoming approval of the European Co-operative Society, the strengthening of co-operative regional organisations such as CECOP in Europe and the recent regionalisation of ICA structures), the co-operative movement, through its organisations, has become an active player on the international arena, within the various regional integration attempts (EU, Mercosur, etc.) as well as between continents. Always conscious of its values and role in society, the co-operative movement carries this work through its international actions and development programmes, sharing the co-operatives' expertise, models and best practice.

Practice:

 

1. Answer the questions:

1) What are the main objectives of co-operatives?

2) What are the main types of co-operatives?

3) What role do co-operativesplay in the development of civil society?

4) How does the co-operative system manage to ensure a comparable degree of competitiveness?

5) What important component does the co-operative system contain?

6) What is the role of co-operative system on the international arena?

2. Match the pairs:

1) entrepreneurial system 2) for the sake of profit 3) democratically participated 4) socio-economic needs 5) human communities 6) economic activities 7) employment creation 8) consumption of daily necessities 9) establishment of schools 10) launching of social and health services 11) economic system 12) ordinary people 13) large enterprises 14) socio-economic development 15) sharing of resources 16) civil society 17) development programmes 18) economies in transition 19) co-operative movement 20) developing countries

a) в поисках выгоды b) гражданское общество c) кооперативное движение d) крупные предприятия e) на основе демократического участия f) обмен ресурсами g) организация школ h) потребление товаров первой необходимости i) предоставление социальных услуг и услуг по здравоохранению j) программы развития k) простые люди l) развивающиеся страны m) система предпринимательства n) создание рабочих мест o) социально-экономические потребности p) социально-экономическое развитие q) человеческие сообщества r) экономики в переходном состоянии s) экономическая деятельность t) экономическая система

3. Read the sentences and tick (Ö) the statements which are true to the text. Correct the false statements.

1) Cooperatives are aimed at getting profits;

2) There is no need for the cooperative system to reinvest in its own expansion;

3) There must be greater co-operation between cooperatives of the various branches within each country and internationally:

4) Cooperation represents an important factor of peace in the world.

4. Choose one of the topics and prepare a report on it:

a) Setting up of the first cooperative in Russia.

b) Problems faced by the International Cooperative Alliance nowadays.

c) Collaboration of the International Cooperative Alliance and Russian cooperatives.

Text 2. From the history

Оf сo-operative education

Active vocabulary to remember

instruction (tuition)	– обучение
development of character or mental powers	– формирование характера и развитие умственных способностей
arrangements	– организация
concerning	– касательно
intellectually	– умственно
to carry out	– проводить, выполнять
distinguish	– отличать
to be established	– был образованным
a higher educational institution (establishment)	– высшее учебное заведение
continuous education	– непрерывное образование
stock exchanges	– фондовая биржа
major provider of co-operative education	– основной провайдер кооперативного образования
challenging and diverse opportunities	– престижные и разнообразные возможности
to be experienced	– заниматься
adult and lifelong learning programmes	– программы обучения для взрослых и непрерывного образования
emphasize	– подчеркивать, выделять
mutual	– совместный
to promote, encourage, facilitate	– содействовать и поддерживать
accessible	– доступный
to raise awareness	– повысить компетентность
perception	– восприятие
a range of	– ряд
tailored programmes	– индивидуальные программы
charged	– напoлненный
relevant skills	– соответственные навыки
reinforce your ability	– подкреплять ваши способности
career enhancement	– карьерный рост

The Co-operative College is UK’s major provider of co-operative education, training and development (it is its vision). Its mission is to provide challenging and diverse opportunities that enable learners and their organizations to put co-operative values and principles into everyday practice.

The Co-operative College was established in 1919 to meet the educational and training needs of the Co-operative movement. First, it was located in East Midlands, Leicestershire near Loughborough at Stanford Hall, now it is in Holyoake House, Hanover Street, Manchester (www.co-op.ac.uk).

The Co-operative College is experienced in delivering regional, local and residential adult and lifelong learning programmes that emphasize co-operative values and principles.

Strategic Objectives of the Co-operative College are:

– to meet the learning needs of diverse co-operative, mutual and social enterprises regionally, nationally and internationally;

– to promote and encourage the understanding of co-operative values and principles and co-operative learning within and beyond the co-operative mutual and social enterprise sector;

– to continuously improve learning and quality standards across the whole of the College curriculum;

– to develop e-learning and information and learning technology (ILT) provision;

– to transform the Rochdale Pioneers Museum and the National Co-operative Archive into accessible lifelong learning resources.

The Co-operative College offers a wide range of workshops and qualifications designed to develop knowledge, understanding and skills to enable directors and members to become more effective in the roles.

The Co-operative College offers nationally recognized qualifications; specialist courses for the funeral service; international programmes; co-operatative business programmes, etc.

The Co-operative College has a portfolio of national and international projects designed to raise awareness of and benefit the co-operative movement, projects that help the co-operative movement become better informed and equipped to meet the business and social challenges of the new millennium.

The Co-operative College is working with schools to develop curriculum resources designed to change the perception of co-operation among students and educationalists alike. The College is involved in new initiatives supporting young people in co-operatives, facilitating young co-operators’ participation in youth seminars arranged by the International Co-operative Alliance. The College is working with partners across the UK on a range of action research projects designed to encourage a wider section of members to get involved in their democratic processes.

The Co-operative Union (the Co-operatives ^UK) and the Co-operative College provided the opportunity to build up a truly national Archive of the co-operative movement to provide students and scholars with access to a valuable resource in a single center.

The Rochdale Pioneers Museum exists to preserve the original store of the Rochdale Pioneers and to generate an understanding of the ideals and principles of the co-operative movement.

The Co-operative College delivers a range of specialist tailored programmes as well as IT applications including Microsoft Office; the European Computer Driving Licence delivered via the internet.

The field of e-learning is both an innovative and progressive new area of education, and one which the Co-operative college is pioneering. E-learning modules offer a wealth of information on the subject of co-operation.

In terms of distance learning the College is currently developing e-learning CD Rom and paper-based packages for members and directors in the UK and internationally. These allow learners to access parts of the framework for members and director learning from their homes and at a time that is convenient for them.

The Co-operative College provides learning, education, training, consultancy and research for the co-operative, social enterprise and mutual sectors in the UK and internationally.

Your university experience, charged with the excitement of new knowledge, offers personal growth and fulfillment. The university that you choose, with its distinctive character and setting, will help you grow in many ways. The right university will broaden your general knowledge and develop relevant skills for life and a career. It will reinforce your ability to continue learning throughout life and to adapt to a changing world. Your university should offer opportunities for career enhancement. While at university, you will develop lifetime friendships. So it is not surprising that selecting the right university is one of the most important decisions you will ever make.

If you seek a university that provides intellectual challenges, cultural diversity, personal growth, enhanced career opportunities and preparation for an increasingly interdependent world, Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law is the university for you.

Practice:

1. Find the English equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:

1) высшее учебное заведение		a) the broad educational opportunities
2) квалифицированный специалист		b) the national economy
3) сельское хозяйство		c) a right to free education
4) широкие возможности для образования		d) to perfect methods of training
5) народное хозяйство		e) to receive state scholarship
6) право на бесплатное обучение		f) to solve important problems
7) независимо от имущее-ственного ценза и социального происхождения		g) special privileges
8) получать стипендию		h) a higher educational estab-lishment
9) особые привилегии		i) farming (agriculture)
10) совершенствовать методы обучения		j) a qualified specialist
11) решать важные вопро-сы		k) irrespective of property status and social origin
12) непрерывное образование		l) mutual
13) основной провайдер		m) challenging
14) престижный		n) major provider
15) совместный		o) lifelong education

2. Write a word to each definition:

– cooperation	– education
– adult	– effective
– workshop	– opportunity
– experience	– information

a) the act or process of acquiring knowledge, especially systematically during childhood and adolescence;

b) a favourable, appropriate, or advantageous combination of circumstances;

c) a person who has attained maturity; a grownup;

d) knowledge acquired through experience or study; knowledge of specific and timely events or situations; news

e) the totality of a person's perceptions, feelings, and memories;

f) a room or building in which manufacturing or other forms of manual work are carried on, or a group of people engaged in study or work on a creative project or subject

g) productive of or capable of producing a result;

h) assistance or willingness to assist; the combination of consumers, workers, farmers, etc., in activities usually embracing production, distribution, or trade

 

3. What is missing? (Find the omitted words and define the part of the speech. Give the translation of the sentence):

1) The Co-operative College is UK’s major _____of co-operative education, training and development.

2) The Co-operative College was established in 1919 to meet the ___ and ___ needs of the Co-operative movement.

3) The Co-operative College __ ______ in delivering, local and residential adult and lifelong learning programs.

4) The Co-operative College _____ a wide range of workshops and qualifications.

5) The Co-operative College offers _____ recognized qualifications.

6) The Co-operative College is working with schools to develop _____ resources.

7) The College is involved in new initiatives _____ young people in co-operatives.

8) The College is working with partners ___ the UK on a range of action research projects.

9) The Co-operative College provided the opportunity to build up a _____ _____ Archive of the co-operative movement.

10) The Rochdale Pioneers Museum exists to generate an understanding of the ____ and _____ of the co-operative movement.

11) The field of e-learning is both an _____ and _____ new area of education.

12) These allow learners to learn from their homes and at a time that is _____ for them.

4. Talking points:

1. What are educational establishments in Russia and Great Britain which lead the world in co-operative learning?

2. When was the Co-operative College established?

3. Where is the Co-operative College located?

4. What is the mission of co-operative educational establishments?

5. What are strategic objectives of the Co-operative College?

6. What faculties and departments are there at Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law?

7. What programmes and projects does the Co-operative College offer?

8. What is e-learning?

9. What resources of national and global importance can you emphasize? Why?

10. Do you agree with the statement that “a good group is almost half of a successful education”?

11. What is your future connected with? (finding interesting, high paid work; making a career; creating a family; raising qualification, worrying about environment, etc.).

APPENDIX I

Conversational Formulas

 

Expressing one's opinion		Вы выражаете свое мнение
I think... I feel that... As far as I know... As far as I remember... As far as I understood... To my mind... In my opinion... It seems to me I'd like to tell you that... It should be mentioned that... It should be noted that... To begin with... To tell the truth...		Я думаю... Я полагаю... Я чувствую... Насколько я знаю... Насколько я помню... Насколько я понял(а)... По моему мнению... По- моему... Мне кажется... Я бы хотел сказать, что... Необходимо заметить, что.. Необходимо отметить, что... Прежде всего... Сказать по правде...
Asking for someone's opinion		Выяснение чьего-то мнения
Do you think that...? What do you feel/think about...? Are you sure that...?		Думаете ли вы, что...? Что вы думаете о...?   Вы уверены, что...?
Giving reasons		Аргументация, обоснование
I think it is right because...   ...that's why I feel that......and so I think that...		Я полагаю, это правильно, потому что... ...поэтому я думаю, что... ... в итоге я считаю, что...
Asking for reasons		Выяснение причин
Why? Why do you think that...? What makes you feel that...?		Почему? Почему вы думаете, что...? Что заставляет вас думать, что...?
Defending one's opinion		Защита собственного мнения
Yes, but what I really mean is...   What I'm trying to, say is...   On the contrary, I... What you said is really an argument for my point of view.		Да, но что я в действительности имею в виду, так это... То, что я пытаюсь сказать, – это... Наоборот, я... То, что вы сказали, действительно довод в пользу моей точки зрения.
Agreeing/supporting other people's opinions		Согласие/поддержка мнения других людей
Yes, that's right. That's what I feel, too/I think so, too. Exactly. I (fully) agree with you.   X put it very well. I feel that   X is right. X raised some important points.		Да, это так. Да, я тоже так думаю.   Именно так. Я (полностью) согласен с вами. X сказал об этом очень хорошо. Я думаю, что X прав. X затронул очень важные вопросы.
Disagreeing/contradicting other people's opinions		Вы не соглашаетесь
I don't agree with you/I disagree with you. I don't think so. I'm afraid you are wrong. I'm afraid I can't agree.   It is not worth talking about it.		Я не согласен с вами.   Я так не думаю. Боюсь, что вы неправы. Боюсь, я не могу согласиться. Не стоит об этом говорить.
Expressing certainty and uncertain­ty, probability and possibility		Выражение уверенности и неуверенности, вероят-ности и возможности
I'm absolutely certain that... I'm sure that... Perhaps... I'm not at all sure that... t is not possible.		Я абсолютно уверен, что... Я уверен, что... Возможно Я совсем не уверен, что... Это не возможно.
Expressing interest or indifference		Вы выражаете интерес или безразличие
I'm interested in...   I'd like to know more about... ...sounds interesting. Please tell me more about...   I'm keen on... It doesn't interest me. I don't care.		Мне интересно/Я интересу-юсь... Мне бы хотелось знать больше о... ...звучит интересно. Пожалуйста, расскажите больше о... Я очень увлечен... Меня это не интересует Мне все равно/Меня это не волнует.
Expressing likes and dislikes		Вы выражаете предпочтения и неприязнь
I love/like/adore...   It is great/very good/fun/ fantastic/marvellous   I enjoy... What I like best is...   I hate/dislike...		Мне нравится/Я обожаю/преклоняюсь Это здорово/очень хорошо/ весело/ фантастично/изуми-тельно... Я люблю... Что мне нравится больше всего, так это... Терпеть не могу /мне не нравится...
Stating preferences		Вы выражаете предпочтения
I'd rather... I prefer...		Я бы лучше/я скорее бы... Я предпочитаю...
Expressing doubt		Вы выражаете сомнение
I have my doubts about that. I doubt it. It's very doubtful. You haven't convinced me yet. You may have a point there, but I'm still not sure.		Я сомневаюсь в этом. Я сомневаюсь в этом. Это вызывает сомнения. Вы пока меня не убедили.   Возможно, что-то в этом есть, но я пока не уверен.
Expressing understanding		Вы выражаете понимание
I see. I've got that. That's clear now. I didn't hear what you said.   Could you speak up, please.   Could you say that again, please. I didn't understand your last sentence. Pardon?		Понятно. Я понял. Теперь понятно. Я не расслышал, что вы сказали. Не могли бы вы говорить громче. Не могли бы вы повторить это. Я не понял последнее предложение. Извините. Что вы сказали?
Asking the way/giving directions		Вы спрашиваете/говорите, как пройти
Excuse me how can I get to/can you tell me the way to/how can I find...   It is over there. You won't miss it. Turn right/left at the next traffic lights. Walk straight on. It's the third street on your left/right. Walk along the street until you come to…		Извините, как мне добраться/ подскажите, пожалуйста, как пройти/как мне найти... Это вон там. Вы не пройдете мимо. Поверните направо/налево на следующем светофоре. Идите прямо. Это третья улица направо/налево. Идите вдоль по этой улице до...

 

СПИСОК РЕКОМЕНДУЕМОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Основная литература

1. Английский для бакалавров: Учебное пособие / Под ред. доц. Г.Д. Орловой. – Тула: Тул. гос. ун-т, 2006. – 299 с.

 

Дополнительная литература

1. Кравченко Н.В. Английский язык: устные темы для подготовки к экзамену: для выпускников и абитуриентов. – М.: Эксмо, 2007. – 464 с.

2. Витохина О.А., Ковалева Н.А., Лысова И.И. Английский язык: сервис и туризм. Starting English on Tourism: Учебное пособие. – Белгород: Изд-во БУПК, 2010. – 164 с.

3. Кожевникова А.С. Иностранный язык: Методические указания для практических занятий и самостоятельной работы студентов. – Белгород: Кооперативное образование, 2007. – 120 c.

Интернет-ресурсы

1) http:// www.wikipedia.org

2) http://www.englishclub.com

3) http://www.FunTrivia.com.

4) http://www.homeenglish.ru

5) http://www.nofa.triwe.net.

6) http://www.oup.com

7) http://www.study.ru

8) http://www.yanglish.ru

 

Учебное издание

Дводненко Елена Витальевна

Кожевникова Анна Сергеевна

Петряева Наталья Ильинична

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-БАКАЛАВРОВ

ENGLISH FOR BACHELORS

Учебное пособие

Технический редактор Н.В. Сергеева

Компьютерный набор и верстка Е.В. Дводненко

Сдано в набор 17.01.2012 г. Подписано в печать 21.02.2012 г.

Формат 60х84 1/16. Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура Times New Roman.

Ризография. Усл. печ. л. 7. Тираж 300 экз. Заказ.

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