Complementary (Alternative) Medicine

What is complementary medicine? The word "complementary" means "in addition to." Complementary medicine is treatment and medicine that you use in addition to your doctor's standard care. What is considered standard treatment in one culture may not be standard in another. For example: Acupuncture is standard in China but not in the United States. Hypnosis is a standard part of psychiatry, but it may not be standard if used to treat cancer.

Other examples of complementary medicine include:

Yoga, massage therapy, herbal remedies, naturopathic medicine.

Many complementary treatments and medicines have not yet been studied to see how safe they are or how well they work.

 

2. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is complementary medicine? 2. Where is Acupuncture a standard? 3. What are other examples of complementary medicine? 4. Have complementary treatments and medicines already been studied or not?

 

Lesson 4

Surgical Diseases

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

appendicitis - апендицит

tumour - пухлина

hernia - грижа

ulcer – виразка

peritonitis - перитоніт fracture – перелом

phlegmon - флегмона

carbuncle - карбункул

fracture - перелом

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

large intestine запалення

increased pressure видалити апендикс

blood flow нудота та блювання

inflammation збільшений тиск

a medical emergency кровотік

removing the appendix невідкладний стан

nausea and vomiting товста кишка

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text:

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an infection and inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine, also called the colon. It is located in the lower right area of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can break open and leak infection into the body.

Symptoms may include pain, swelling in the abdomen, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, constipation or diarrhea and low fever. Not everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.

Appendicitis is a medical emergency. Treatment almost always involves removing the appendix. Anyone can get appendicitis. It happens most often to people between the ages of 10 and 30.

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:

a small, tube-like organ; in the lower right area of the abdomen; increased pressure; swelling in the abdomen; low fever; a medical emergency; removing the appendix.

 

3.1 Suggest the English equivalents:

товста кишка; може розірватися; втрата апетиту; закреп або пронос; найчастіше траплятися; витік інфікованого вмісту; нудота та блювання.

 

3.3 Answer the questions to the text:

1. Where is appendix located? 2. What causes appendicitis? 3. What does the blockage lead to? 4. When can the appendix break open? 5. What are the symptoms of appendicitis? 6. Appendicitis is a medical emergency, isn’t it?

 

3.4 Say if it is true or false:

1. Appendicitis is an infection and inflammation of the appendix.

2. The appendix is located in the upper right area of the abdomen.

3. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can break open and leak infection into the blood.

4. Appendicitis is a medical emergency.

5. Treatment almost always involves removing the colon.

6. It happens most often to people between the ages of 10 and 50.

Grammar

Continuous Tenses

Present	He (she) We	is reading are reading	now.
Past	He (she) We	was reading were reading	when you came
Future	He (she) We	will be reading shall be reading	at 5 o’clock.

 

Exercise 1

Поставте дієслова, які стоять у дужках, у правильній формі.

1. The student (to read) a newspaper now. 2.The young men (to discuss) their plan of work yesterday from 5 till 6. 3. This doctor (to examine) some patients now. 4. Our students (to carry) out the experimental work tomorrow at 9 o’clock. 5. The surgeon (to operate) the patient now.

 

Exercise 2

Поставте запитання до речень, починаючи їх словами, які стоять у дужках.

1. He was working in the library from three to five. (When?) 2. It was raining the whole evening. (How long?) 3. This author is writing a historical novel now. (What?) 4. They will be working at 6 o’clock. (When?) 5. They were helping the doctor when we returned. (What … doing?)

Lesson 5

At the Surgical Department

1. Pre-reading activities

1. 1Read and memorize the words

Surgical instruments

wound сlip - скріпка (для з'єднання рани)

scalpel – скальпель forceps – пінцет

syringe – шприц needle - голка

scissors – ножиці gauze - марля

overall – халат blood circulation – кровообіг

to dress wound - перев'язувати рану

gauze drain - марлевий тампон

to perform an operation проводити операцію, оперувати

cabinet for dressings шафа для перев'язувального матеріалу

suture material - шовний матеріал

dressing - перев'язувальний матеріал

rules of aseptic - правила асептики

special device - спеціальний прилад

artificial respiration – штучне дихання

 

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

surgical department стерильні халати

operating-table давати наркоз

prepare instruments приділяти значну увагу

suture material хірургічне відділення

sterilized overalls призначати дієту

to give narcosis операційний стіл

prescribe diet готувати інструментарій

pay much attention шовний матеріал

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text:

AT THE SURGICAL DEPARTMENT

A surgical department is on the firsl floor of this hospital. This department houses 50 staffed beds. One can see patients with surgical diseases, such as appendicitis, ulcer of abdomen, tumour, carbuncle, phlegmon and others. Operations are performed in a special operating room.

There is a large operating room in this department. Here one can see two operating-tables, instrument tables, a few small cabinets for suture material, dressings and instruments.

Before the operation the nurses prepare surgical instruments fol­lowing the rules of aseptic. After sterilizing them they put the instru­ments on a special table covering them with sterile material.

There are different instruments here. They are scalpels, syringes, surgical needles, scissors, wound clips, pincettes and sterilizing drum.

Before the operation the surgeon and his assistants wash their hands according to the rules of surgery and put on the sterilized overalls, caps and special face masks.

The patient is put on an operating-table and is covered with a steri­lized cloth. Then a doctor or an assistant begins to give the patient narcosis. When the patient has fallen asleep the surgeon disinfects the skin of the region to be operated on and begins to perform the operation. One assistant helps the surgeon during the operation. Other assistants listen to the heart, feel the pulse and look at the pupils. They use dif­ferent ways of controlling the patient's condition.

During the operation special devices are used for artificial respi­ration and blood circulation. The operation having been over, the patient is moved to the ward.

After the operation special care and attention is paid to the patient. The surgeon prescribes him definite medicine and diet.

Every day the surgeon examines the patients, dresses their wounds and introduces fresh gauze drains into them. He listens to the patients' lungs and hearts, tests their abdomens and others.

The surgeon prescribes the patients proper treatment. Many patients are doing well. Soon they will leave the clinic and return home. Some patients are in their bad condition. The doctors and nurses pay much attention to them.

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Answer the following questions to the text:

I. Where is the surgical department? 2. How many staffed beds does this department house? 3. What is there in the operating room? 4. What do the nurses do before the operation? 5. What instruments do they put on a special table? 6. What does the surgeon do before the operation? 7. When does the surgeon begin to perform the operation? 8. What do the assistants do during the operation? 9. What kind of devices are used during the operation. 10. Where is the patient moved after the operation?

3.2 Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents

this department houses; a special operating room; prepare surgical instruments; fol­lowing the rules of aseptic; put on the sterilized overalls; is moved to the ward; prescribes the patients proper treatment; in their bad condition.

3.3 Find the English equivalents to the Ukrainian word-combinations:

операційна сестра, операційний стіл, дивитися на зіниці, дезинфікувати шкіру, призначати лікування, операційна, операційне поле, вислуховувати легені, робити операцію, досліджувати шлунок, післяопераційний стан, операційна рана;

an operating-room, to test an abdomen, an operative wound, an operating-table, to listen to lungs, an operating field (area), to pres­cribe a treatment, to look at pupils, an operative nurse, post-operative condition, to disinfect skin, to perform an operation.

3.4 Say if it is true or false

1. Operations are performed in a special operating room.

2. Before the operation the surgeons prepare surgical instruments fol­lowing the rules of aseptic.

3. After the operation the surgeon and his assistants wash their hands according to the rules of surgery.

4. During the operation special devices are used for artificial respi­ration and blood circulation.

5. The nurse prescribes the patients definite medicine and diet.

6. Every day the surgeon examines the patients and dresses their wounds.

Grammar

Perfect Tenses

(Перфектні часи)

(to have + Past Participle)

Present (теперішній)

He (she) We

haswritten it have written it

today.

 

Зверніть увагу, Present Perfect може вживатись з такими обставинами часу

 

ever– будь коли	already- вже	never- ніколи
lately - нещодавно	just– тільки що	yet - ще
this year– цього року

 

та з прийменниками: for - протягом, since – з

 

Exercise 1 Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:

1. They have written the control work today. 2. We have already seen this film. 3. He has been to London this year. 4. This student has worked hard. 5. I have done my homework. 6. She has passed her final exam.

 

Exercise 2 Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. You ever (to live) in a foreign country?

2. My friend knows a lot because he (to read) a lot.

3. She (to go) home two days ago.

4. She is free now. She (to pass) her final exam.

5. Look! Somebody (to break) my window.

6. I (to leave) home early last night.

7. His family (to build) a new house this year.

Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect

Exercise 3 Look through the Grammar Reference and put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form.

1. He (to visit)a very interesting lecture on a healthy lifestyle this week.

2. Physical exercise (to help)her to feel and look better?

3. Teenagers' smoking (to create)problems for their health.

4. He is busy. He (to write)an essay about smoking.

5. She (not to join)a school Tennis Club yet.

6. Who (to surf)the Internet the whole day?

 

Самостійна робота №3

1. Read and translate the text:

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. It can either be used to inspect and diagnose a condition or to perform surgery. There are two types of laparoscope: (1) a telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to a video camera or (2) a digital laparoscope.

The laparoscope allows doctors to perform both minor and complex surgeries with a few small cuts in the abdomen. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions and hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time.

3. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is laparoscopy? 2. How many types of laparoscope are there? 3. What does laparoscopy allow doctors to perform? 4. What are the advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery?

Lesson 5