Exercise 3. Read the verbs and their derivatives. 

Types of aircraft engines

Exercise 1. Read the words and word combinations:

a) Combustion [kəmˈbʌstſ(ə)n]- горение, сгорание, сжигание

Consider [kənˈsɪdə]- рассматривать

Connect [kəˈnekt]- соединять

Cost [kɔst]- стоимость, цена; стоить

Cylinder [ˈsɪlɪndə]- цилиндр

Differ [ˈdɪfə]- различаться, отличаться                                   

Divide [dɪˈvaɪd]- делить, разделять

Drive [draɪv]- привод, передача, тяга; приводить в действие

Helicopter [ˈhelɪk ptə]- вертолет

Obtain [əbˈteɪn]-получать, достигать

Piston [ˈpɪstən]-поршень

Propeller [prəˈpelə]-воздушный винт

Reliability [rɪlaɪəˈbɪlɪtɪ]- надежность, безопасность работы

Rely [rɪˈlaɪ]- полагать, доверять

Rocket [ˈrɔkɪt]- ракета

Shaft [ſɑːft]- вал

Subdivide [sʌbdɪˈvaɪd]- подразделять(ся), разделять

Take place [ teɪk pleɪs]- происходить

Weight [ weɪt] - вес

b)   Axial-flow fan [       - ˈfləu fæn]- осевой вентилятор

By-pass engine [ˈbaɪ-pɑːs ˈendʒɪn]– двухконтурный турбореактивный двигатель

Exhaust cone [ɪgˈzɔːst ˈkoun]- конус реактивного сопла

Gas turbine engine [ˈgæs ˈtəːbɪn ˈendʒɪn]- газотурбинный двигатель

Internal combustion engine [ɪnˈtəːnl kəmˈbʌstʃ(ə)n ˈendʒɪn]- двигатель внутреннего            

сгорания

Jet thrust [ˈdʒɛt θrʌst]- реактивная тяга

Liquid propellant rocket engine [ˈlɪkwɪd prəˈpelənt ˈrɔkɪt ˈendʒɪn]- жидкостный ракетный двигатель (ракетный двигатель на жидком топливе)

Meet the requirements [ˈmiːt ðə rɪˈtaɪəmənts]- удовлетворять требованиям

Ram jet engine [ˈræm ˈdʒɛt ˈendʒɪn]- прямоточный воздушно-реактивный двигатель

Reciprocating engine [rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt  ˈendʒɪn]- поршневой двигатель

Turbofan engine [ˈtəːbo(u)fæn ˈendʒɪn]- турбовентиляторный двигатель

Turbojet engine [ˈtəːbo(u)ˈdʒɛt ˈendʒɪn]- турбореактивный двигатель

Turboprop engine [ˈtəːbo(u)ˈprɔp ˈendʒɪn]- турбовинтовой двигатель

Turboshaft engine [ˈtəːbo(u) ˈʃɑːft ˈendʒɪn]- турбовальный двигатель

Power plant [ˈpauə ˈplɑːnt]- силовая установка

Solid propellant rocket engine [ˈsɔlɪd prəˈpelənt ˈrɔkɪt ˈendʒɪn]- ракеный  

двигатель на твердом топливе

Source of power [ˈsɔːs əv ˈpauə]- источник мощности

Exercise 2. Read the text.

Types of aircraft engines

       A source of power in an airplane is the power plant. The power plant consists of an engine or engines and different systems.

There are two main types of aviation engines: piston or internal combustion engines and jet engines. Jet engines are divided into three main groups: gas turbines, ram jets and rocket engines.

The first to be considered is a piston or reciprocating engine. The piston engines are also called internal combustion engines as combustion take place inside the cylinder.

Gas turbine engines are widely used nowadays. They are subdivided into turbojet, turboprop, turbofan, or by-pass and turboshaft engines.

Turbojet engines operate on the jet thrust. If a gas turbine has a propeller on the same shaft as the compressor it is called a turboprop.

A turbofan engine differs little from a turboprop. Instead of the propeller the turbofan engine has an axial-flow fan drive at the engine speed. Unlike the turboprop engine, the turbofan obtains additional energy from the gases passing through the exhaust cone. Usually all turbofans are called by-pass engines.

Turboshaft engines are used in helicopters where the turbine connected to a drive shaft, in addition to the compressor, helicopter rotors.

       Rocket engines are subdivided into two basic types: liquid propellant and solid propellant rocket engines.

The last generation of jet engines, are advanced technology engines.

All aviation engines must meet the following requirements: low weight, low cost, low specific consumption and reliability.