А. Е. Протопопова, О. А. Лиденкова,

Имени Франциска Скорины»

 

 

 

 

 

А. Е. ПРОТОПОПОВА, О. А. ЛИДЕНКОВА,

Т. Н. ПАРХОМОВИЧ

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА

АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

 

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

по теме «Времена английского глагола» для студентов

Специальностей 1-02 03 06 01 «Английский язык. Немецкий язык» и 1-02 03 06 03 «Английский язык. Французский язык»

В 2 частях

Часть 2

 

 

Гомель

 УО «ГГУ им. Ф. Скорины»

20 10

УДК 811.111 (075.8)

ББК 81.431.1-923.2

     П 837

 

Рецензенты:

кафедра теории и практики английского языка учреждения     

образования «Гомельский государственный университет

имени Франциска Скорины»

 

Рекомендовано к изданию научно-методическим советом

учреждения образования «Гомельский государственный университет

имени Франциска Скорины»

 

        Протопопова, А. Е.

П 837  Практическая грамматика английского языка  : практическое 

       пособие по теме «Времена английского глагола» для студентов

специальностей 1-02 03 06 01 «Английский язык. Немецкий язык» и 1-02 03 06 03 «Английский язык. Французский язык». В 2 ч. Часть 2 / А. Е. Протопопова, О. А. Лиденкова,  Т. Н. Пархомович; М-во образования РБ, Гомельский государственный университет им. Ф. Скорины. – Гомель: ГГУ им. Ф. Скорины, 2010. – 80 c.

 

 

Целью практического пособия является оказание помощи студентам в овладении грамматическими навыками устной речи. Лексическое наполнение всех упражнений представляет широкий спектр образцов современной английской разговорной речи.

Практическое пособие по теме «Времена английского глагола» адресовано студентам специальностей 1 - 02 03 06 01 «Английский язык. Немецкий язык» и 1-02 03 06 03 «Английский язык. Французский язык» как для использования на занятиях, так и для самостоятельной работы.

 

УДК 811.111 (075.8)

                                                                                ББК 81.431.1-923.2

 

      © Протопопова А. Е., Лиденкова О. А.,

Пархомович Т. Н., 2010

© УО «Гомельский государственный 

университет им. Ф. Скорины», 2010

Введение

Данное пособие является второй частью издания, целью которого является оказание помощи студентам в овладении грамматическими навыками устной речи.

  Упражнения располагаются по мере изучения грамматического материала и представляют собой тренировочные, языковые, условно-речевые и речевые упражнения, целью которых является многократная тренировка изучаемого грамматического явления. В конце пособия даются обзорные, повторительные упражнения, которые могут использоваться в качестве тестовых заданий для проверки сформированности навыка владения данным грамматическим явлением. В целях большей наглядности приводятся таблицы.

Лексическое наполнение всех упражнений представляет широкий спектр образцов современной английской разговорной речи.

При составлении различных видов упражнений были использованы, новые идеи и подходы, предложенные в учебных пособиях зарубежных авторов.

Практическое пособие по теме «Времена английского глагола» адресовано студентам специальности 1 - 02 03 06 01 «Английский язык» как для использования на занятиях, так и для самостоятельной работы.

Содержание

Practice

 

Ex. 1 Explain the use of the Past Perfect in the following sentences and describe the character of the action expressed by it

1. He asked me if I had had breakfast. 2. He now opened the low gate that he had so often swung on as a small boy. 3. She was sure that he had never lied to her before. 4. He knew that as a girl she had lived in Rome. 5. Jack chose the hotel. He had never been there before but he had heard his mother speak of it once. She had said she had liked it. 6. He was pleased to meet Dave again. He had known him for ten or eleven years, and they had played tennis together in Paris. 7. He remembered how the ball had hit squarely on the nose and the bleeding hadn't stopped for three hours. 8. They had been married only a few months when they gave Up living in London. 9. He glanced up and down the beach to see if he had left anything. 10. She realized that she was faint for food. She had eaten nothing since the picnic. 11. He quite forgot that Julian had been divorced for some time. 12. He decided to wait till he had talked to the man himself. 13. He was not aware how long he had sat there. 14. I called at nine and the man said she had gone out about an hour ago. 15. I knew he would ask me for news of his son as soon as he had seen the last guest off. 16. It happened that his desire to go to France fell in with certain ideas which had been of late discussed at the committee. 17.I took my temperature again later in the evening, when David had gone, and found that it had gone up by point two degrees, which made me feel more unwell than ever.

 

Ex. 2 Use Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite in the following clauses of time

1. He wanted her to believe that when he (to return) things would change. 2. She knew that he would not speak till they (to reach) their house. 3. She took her manicure set and began to do her nails, waiting till he (to finish) eating. 4. He decided to read nothing but the dictionary until he (to master) every word of it. 5. And then came the great idea — he would write. He would begin as soon as he (to get) back. It would be slowly succeeding at first. He would go on studying. And then after some time, when he (to prepare) himself he would write great things. 6. She asked if Grant would wait until the doctor (to see) the patient. 7. She told him not to come back until he (to talk) to her on the telephone first. 8. He would have to make a decision sooner or later, but he wanted it to be as late as possible, when the other problems (to be) solved.!). I said we'd better leave this little chat until I (to make) coffee. 10. He did not sign the contract until he (to drag) a formal approval out of me. 11. He said he'd tell me all about it when he (to get) back. 12.1 sat there for another five minutes, until my eyes (to begin) to close and my head to nod with sleep. 13. When he (to find) the photo, I took the album back to the shelf.

 

Ex. 3 Use the required past forms in the following complex sentences with when - clauses

1. When he (to see) Bell, he (to come) straight to him, smiling. When Jimmy (to get) to the cafe a little late, Christine (not to arrive) yet. 3. When Ted (to turn) to thank the doctor, he already (to walk) away. 4. When she (to walk) she (to carry) herself like a ballet-dancer..'). We (not to walk) a hundred yards towards the cottage when the inspector suddenly (to go) down on his knees. (i. One afternoon I went to play tennis with some neighbours and when I (to return) my mother (to disappear). 7. When she (to smile), she (to seem) friendly and simple. 8. When I (to go) down to Hugh's room he (to sit) at his table reading a small book.!). When Paula (to tidy) up she (to go) out of doors. 10.I (to meet) her on the beach when I (to have) my early walk. 11. When he (to finish) speaking, everyone (to clap). 12.I (to have) a good sleep when I (to get) back yesterday. 13. The play (to be) in progress for about twenty minutes when Grant (to find) his seat at the back of the dress circle. 14. When Jack (to look) back, the Holts (to dance) cheek to cheek. 15."How do you like that?" he (to ask) her when he (to finish)\ painting. 16. When she (to come) back, he (to eat) the sandwiches. 17.I (to do) the washing when she (to arrive). 18. When Theo (to go) for a walk he (to look) exclusively at hi own feet. 19.I (not to go) very far from the turn-off when I (to notice) there was a car behind me. 20. When they (to go) I (to go) to the woods. 21.I (to get) out a box of matches when he (to offer) me a light. 22. She (not to talk) to me two minutes when she suddenly (to feel) faint. 23.He (to shrug) when Peter (to explain) the details. 24. When they (to show) him round and (to feed) him on their best, they eagerly (to demand) news. 25. When she (to return) with the book she (to draw) a chair and (to sit) down beside him.

 

Ex. 4 Use the required past forms in the following complex sentences with as soon as-clauses

1. He (to telephone) to his office as soon as he (to reach) his house. 2. "I (to come) as soon as I (to get) your message," Lloyd said. 3. He always (to dislike) anybody as soon as he (to be) appointed] to a position of authority. 4. He (to dial) the number but (to replace) the receiver as soon as the familiar voice (to answer) the telephone. 5. David (to disappear) as soon as we (to have) breakfast. 6. As soon as I (to hear) the sound I (to know) what had happened. 7. He (to open) the letter as soon as he (to enter) the room. 8. As soon as he (to enter) I (to be) struck by the expression on his face.

 

Ex. 5 Use the required past forms in the following complex sentences with after-clauses

1. After they (to have) coffee Meg (to invite) him to go over the house. 2. She (to see) him every day after we (to arrive) in New York.3. After we (to lunch) we (to go) and (to sit) out in the garden. 4. There (to be) another raid in the early hours of the morning after we (to go) to bed. 5, After he (to take) the girl home, he (to go) down the road to the village. 6. I (cannot) stay in Wales after what (to happen). 7, After she (to go), Willy (to lock) the door and (to go) into the bedroom. 8. There (to be) a short silence after he (to leave).

 

Ex. 6 Use the required past forms in the following complex sentences with till/until-clauses

1. Neither of us (to speak) until we (to arrive) at the office. 2.She (not to speak) until the steps (to move) on. It. Savina (to say) nothing until they (to order) but Eric knew she was waiting. 4. He (to wait) until he (to hear) a. hello from the other end of the telephone. 5.She (to wait) motionless until he (to finish) his speech. (i. So I (to go) on searching until I (to select) a dozen books that I wanted to read. 7. She (to wait) until he (to shave) and (to finish) dressing. 8. His anger (to last) till his wife (to put) the soup on the table. 1). Then he (to go) out to the reading-room and (to explore) magazines until the place (to close) at ten o'clock. 10. Nicole (to wait) silently till he (to pass); then she went on. 11. He (to hope) to delay my going until he (to come) to some decision. 12. We (to sit) in silence till the worst of the storm (to be) over. 13. He drove very slowly and when he met another car, he usually (to stop) altogether until it (to pass). 14.She (to laugh) till her eyes (to fill) with tears.

 

Ex. 7 Use the required past forms in the following complex sentences with before-clauses

1. He (to stumble) against the chair before he (to find) the lamp. 2. He (to decide) to get a present for his children before he (to leave) Rome. 3. He (to begin) apologizing before I (to pay) the driver. 4. The noise of their footsteps (to become) distant before my father (to speak) again. 5. He (to knock) and (to ring) for some time before he (to make) himself heard. 6. He (to walk) quite close to them before he (to speak). 7. They (not to go) four miles before Tony (to get) the impression that the children liked driving with him. 8.I (to realize) before you (to be) here a fortnight that you never were cut out for this life. 9. Miss Able (to hunt) everywhere for the box before she (to find) it. 10. Almost before I (to shut) my eyes, I (to feel) a nudge in my side. 11. The next morning Hudson (to come) into my room before I (to finish) breakfast. 12.She looked so cool and fresh that he (to spend) a moment admiring her before he (to speak). 13. He (to hang) around the theatre for seven years before he (to have) any recognition at all. 14. He (not to be) there for two days before he (to say) that the wish to see her had been the reason for his coming. 15.She went, unwillingly, at the end of the week. Before she (to be) gone twenty-four hours he (to find) his mistake. 16. He (to know) before he (to say) this that it would annoy her. 17. On the beach they (to find) a suitable place for lunch before they (to go) very far. 18. In the summer Willy often (to take) very early walks by the sea before anyone (to be) up. 19.Thank God I (to find) it out before I (to make) more of a fool of myself. 20.The bus (to begin) to move before he (to reach) it.

 

Ex. 8 Use the required past forms in the following complex sentences containing the correlatives scarcely / hardly / nearly / barely / when and no sooner... than

1. She hardly (to sit) down when a very stout gentleman wearing a very small hat (to flop) into the chair opposite hers. 2. He hardly (to reach) the door of his office when he (to encounter) two young men. 3. He emerged from the theatre with the first of the crowd; but he scarcely (to take) his position on the edge of the sidewalk when the girls (to appear). 4. He barely (to disappear) when Dennis (to come) sliding down the stairs. 5. No sooner, however, they (to establish) themselves in their new house than he (to perceive) to his dismay a return of her absorbed and brooding manner. 6. He barely (to arrive) in' Rome when he (to get) a telegram from home that his father was seriously ill. 7. No sooner the curtain (to fall) than he (to rise) to go". 8. Hardly he (to ask) his questions when she (to answer) them. 9. He scarcely (to take) his coat off when he (to begin) to read the letter. 10. The band barely (to begin) to play when he (to go) away. 11. The rain nearly (to stop) when he (to reach) his hotel. 12. They barely (to come) out of the house when a sudden shouting (to arise).

 

Ex. 9 Use the required present or past forms in the following sentences containing the adverbs scarcely, hardly, nearly and barely

1. Haven't we got enough junk in the house already? There (to be) barely room to move as it is. 2. David got really angry and beat his fist on the wall. Bits of plaster began to fall thick on the floor. "How amazing!" he said. "I hardly (to touch) it." 3. When the train got in, it (to be) nearly midnight. 4.I heard his father say: "I scarcely (to speak) to my son today." 5. Charles became impatient. He scarcely (to have) time to listen to our congratulations. 6. Last summer I very nearly (to go) to Spain. 7. There (to be) scarcely anyone there whom I knew. 8. Charles did not hope to become a doctor. He (to be) nearly twenty-six. 9. This was the side of my life he scarcely (to know). 10.I scarcely (to have) a glass of water since breakfast. 11.I asked her about her plans. But she scarcely (to listen). 12.I saw that all the family nearly (to come) to a disaster. 13. After ten minutes of the film, during which the star barely (to get) into her clothes, Ann rose to go. 14.I scarcely (to know) him up to the time I came to London. 15.The man (to be) hardly recognizable. 16.Grant hardly (to have) enough time to examine the room before the landlady came back. 17. You (to have) hardly any right to talk to me about these children. 18. He looked at his brother for agreement, but Philip barely (to move) his head. 19.I hardly (to see) him this week. 20.I (to be) nearly through with my work. 21. If you stand back, your face (to be) hardly visible. 22.It occurred to me that since we began our walk, he hardly (to talk) without guard. 23.His voice quavered. He nearly (to cry).

 

Ex. 10 Use Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite in the following sentences

1. From downstairs {to come) the sound of a radio playing a song he never (to hear) before. 2. He (to re-read) what he (to write). 3. I (to know) he (to make) a joke because he (to giggle) but I could not see it. 4. I was going round to see Roberta after dinner. I (to arrange) this visit the day before. 5. As she (to rise), there (to shoot) through his mind something that he (to read) in the etiquette books, and he (to stand) up awkwardly, worrying as to whether he (to do) the right thing, and fearing that she might take it as a sign that he (to be) about to go. (1. When she (to enter) the house at dinner-time and (to find) Tom gone she (to know) what (to happen). He (to leave) no note, nor any message. She (to know) that in the last moment he even (not to think) of her, and she (not to be) hurt by it. In whatever way he could, he (to love) her. 7.I (to press) the door gently. It always (to be) left open at night in the old days. When I (to become) quite certain that it (to be) locked, I (to step) back into the moonlight and (to look) up at the house. Although it (to be) barely midnight, there (to be) not a light showing. They (to be) all abed and asleep. I (to feel) a resentment against them. I (to expect) them to welcome me back at the door. 8. On the fifteenth of October Andrew (to set) out alone for London. Now that the exam (to be) so close at hand, he (to feel) that he (to know) nothing. Yet, on the following day when he (to begin) the written part of the examination, he (to find) himself answering the papers with a blind automatism. He (to write) and (to write), never looking at the clock, filling sheet after sheet. He (to take) a room at the Museum Hotel, where Christine and he (to stay) on their first visit to London. Here it (to be) extremely cheap. But the food (to be) bad; Between his exams he (to live) in a kind of daze. He scarcely (to see) the people in the street. After the written part, the practical part of the examination (to begin); and Andrew (to find) himself dreading this more than anything which (to go) before. Luckily his practical part (to go) well enough. His case (to be) an illness which he (to treat) \ before. He (to feel) that he (to write) a good report.

 

Ex. 11 Use the required past forms in the following sentences which pattern actions related to the same past moment

1. Grant just (to change) into some dry things and (to wait) for dinner to be announced when there was a knock at the door. 2. Then we realized that Rich;.ard (to come) in through the garden and (to stand) in the room listening. 3. Outside on the square it (too stop) raining and the moon (to try) to get through the clouds. 4. Saturday lunch was over. Mary still (to sit) at the table smoking. Kate and John (to retire) to the sofa and (to talk) in low voices. Paula and the twins (to go) out on to the lawn where the twins now (to play). Barbara (to sit) on the window-seat reading "Country Life". 5. When Roger returned into the room, the girl (to stop) crying but (to shiver) from head to foot. 6. Then she saw her father. He (to lay) his fishing rod and (to take) something from his pocket. 7. Bernard (to take) off his hat and (to carry) it in his hand. 8. When the telephone rang Wolfe (to finish) his egg and (to drink) coffee. 9. It was dark by the time I reached London. The black-out (to begin) and it (to rain) heavily. 10. Pierce (to tow) the boat quite fast now. The dog, who (to swim) out after him, (to accompany) the boat.

    

Ex. 12 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect simple

1 A: I'm sorry we're late. We 1………….. (miss) the train. B: How2............................ (that/happen)? A: Well, I 3............................ (get) the times wrong and when we 4............................ (arrive) at the station, the train s............................ (just leave). 2 A: 6............................ (you/have) a good meal at Hilary's? B: Well no, it7............................ (be) very embarrassing. When we 8............................ (arrive), we9............................ (know) immediately that she 10............................ (forget) about the whole thing. A: So what n............................ (she/do)? B: Well, she n............................ (pretend) that she 13............................ (not forget) and14............................ (say) that the meal 15............................ (not be) ready because she 16............................ (get) home from work very late.

A: Oh no, how awful! 3 It "............................ (be) a beautiful morning. It 18............................ (rain) in the night and so the ground "............................ (be) fresh and clean and it 20............................ (smell) wonderful. None of the Taylor family 21............................ (be) awake though. They 22............................ (all go) to bed very late the night before. Their Australian cousin 23............................ (arrive) unexpectedly that evening and they 24............................ (sit up) talking most of the night. Although it25............................ (be) now 8 o'clock in the morning, they 26............................ (only be) in bed for about two hours.

 

Ex. 13 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect simple

1. James ………... (sit) outside the office waiting for the interview. He 2............................ (feel) so nervous that he 3............................ (not know) what to do with himself. The person who 4............................ (go in) before him 5............................ (be) in there for nearly an hour. And she 6............................ (look) so confident when she 7............................ (go) in. Not like James. He 8............................ (feel) sure that she 9............................ (already get) the job. The problem 10............................ (be) that he "............................ (want) this job so much. It n............................ (mean) everything to him. He 13............................ (think) about it such a lot before the day of the interview. He 14............................ (imagine) himself performing brilliantly at the interview and being offered the job immediately. But now here he 15............................ (be) feeling terrible. He 16..................................... (cannot remember) all those things he "............................ (plan) to say. At that moment, he 18............................ (almost decide) to get up and leave. But no - he 19............................ (have to

do) this. He 20............................ (spend) so much time thinking about it that he 21.................................... (cannot give up) like that. His hands 22............................ (be) hot and sticky and his mouth 23............................

(feel) dry. Finally the door of the office 24............................ (open). The woman who 25............................ (go in) an hour earlier 26............................ (come out) looking very pleased with herself. She 27............................ (smile) sympathetically at James. At that moment James 28............................ (hate) her. The managing director then 29............................ (appear) at the office door. 'Would you like to come in now, Mr Davis? I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.' James 30............................ (suddenly wish) that he 31............................ (go) home after all. He 32............................ (get up), legs shaking and forehead sweating and 33............................ (wonder) whether he 34............................ (look) as terrified as he 35............................ (feel).

 

Ex. 14 Translate the following into English bringing out the difference between sentences which pattern actions related to the same past moment and those containing consecutive actions

1. Он снова положил руки на стол и посмотрел на них. 2. Он снова положил руки на стол и глядел на них. 3. Мальчик бросил лодку и поплыл к берегу. 4. Мальчик бросил лодку и теперь плыл к берегу. 5. Они закончили еду и теперь пили кофе. 6. Она поела и отнесла тарелки на кухню. 7. Они вышли из кино и пошли вверх по улице. 8. Они вышли из кино и теперь шли вверх по улице. 9. Джо спустился в холл и там ждал своего приятеля. 10.Ветер прекратился, а дождь все шел. 11. Дети потеряли мяч в высокой траве и теперь искали его. 12. Ветер сдул с него шляпу, и теперь она катилась по улице. 13.Ветер сдул с него шляпу, и она покатилась по улице. 14. Мэри нашла старую шляпу и стала ее примерять. 15.Мэри нашла старую шляпу и теперь примеряла ее.

 

Ex. 15 Make up situations to justify the use of the past forms in the following sentence patterns

1. He threw the rug over the radiator of the car and walked up the path. He had thrown the rug over the radiator of the car and was walking up the path. 2. She bought her ticket and moved away from the window. She had bought her ticket and was moving away from the window. 3. Не opened the window and looked out with pleasure at the river flowing past. He had opened the window and was looking out with pleasure at the river flowing past. 4. He put out the light and tried to sleep. He had put out the light and was trying to sleep. 5. They parked the car and walked along the wall. They had parked the car and were walking along the wall. 6. The rain stopped and John went out to mow the lawn. The rain had stopped and John was mowing the lawn. 7. He shaved and had a shower. He had shaved and was having a shower. 8. He had a glass of whiskey and ate his food with appetite. He had had a glass of whiskey and was eating his food with appetite. 9. They finished their meal and had coffee. They had finished their meal and were having coffee.

 

Ex. 16 Translate the following into English concentrating on the use of the Past Perfect

Я оделся и вышел в сад. Всходило солнце. Ветра не было, но' в саду всё падали листья. Березы за одну ночь пожелтели до самых верхушек.

Я вернулся в дом. Там было тепло. Маленькая береза, которую принес мой сын и которую мы посадили в кадушку, стояла у окна. Вдруг я заметил, что она тоже за одну ночь вся пожелтела и несколько листьев уже лежало на полу.

Теплая комната не спасла березку. Через день она вся облетела. Мой сын и все мы были очень огорчены. Мы уже свыклись с мыслью, что она останется зеленой всю зиму. Лесничий только улыбнулся, когда мы рассказали ему, как мы пытались сохранить зеленую листву березки.

 

Unit 2 The Past Perfect Continuous tense

Formation

 

This tense is formed with had been + the present participle.

I had/ I'd been working

They had not/hadn 't been working

Had you been working?

Had you not/hadn't you been working?

It is not used with verbs which are not used in the continuous forms, except with want and sometimes wish:

The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time.

 

Note! this tense has no passive form.

 

Main uses

 

1. The past perfect continuous bears the same relation to the past perfect as the present perfect continuous bears to the present perfect:

Bill had been saving since Christmas to buy a new bike.

Mary was out of breath; she had been running.

Note:

When the action began before the time of speaking in the past, and continued up to that time, or stopped just before it, we can often use either form:

It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn

or

It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since dawn.

    

Sometimes the difference between them is simply one of the emphasis.

I had been working hard, so I felt that I deserved a holiday (the activity is emphasized)

I had worked hard until the report was not finished. (the result is emphasized)

 

2. The past perfect progressive forms are often used to show that an action is (or was) frequently repeated:

Jenny was annoyed Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week

Tom looked awful. He had been drinking a lot for the last two weeks.

If we mention the number of times that we have done an action, we do not use the past perfect continuous:

He had been trying to get her on the phone.

He had tried five times to get her on the phone.

 

3. There is a difference between a single action in the simple past perfect and an action in the past perfect continuous:

By six o'clock he had repaired the engine. (This job had been completed.)

He had been repairing the engine - tells us how he had spent the previous hour/half hour etc. It does not tell us whether or not the job was completed.

An action in the past perfect may occur shortly before the time of speaking, but there could be quite a long interval between them:

He had been painting the door. (The paint was probably still wet.)

But

He had painted the door. (Perhaps recently, perhaps some time ago.)

 

Practice

Ex. 17 Explain the use of the Past Perfect Continuous in the following sentences

l. When I rang up your father, he said that people had been inquiring about you all day. 2. Pat's poodle now appeared, coming out of the stream where it had been cooling. 8. They had been driving for half an hour before Blair spoke. 4. He went to the theatre to see the play which had been running for a week. 5. The rain that had been threatening now began to fall gently. 6. Philip came into the room. He had been wandering about, not quite belonging anywhere. 7. When she came there to act as governess, the children had been running wild for a year. 8.Alice threw down the book she had been holding since she came into the room.

 

Ex. 18 Explain the use of Past Perfect Continuous and Past Perfect in the following sentences

1. I did not remember much about the Pimleys, whom I had not seen for about ten years. 2. It had been freezing for the last few days, but it had not snowed. 3. He told me he had not heard from her since the day she walked out of their office. 4. He said that they had now been hunting hard for ten days. 5. She was aware that they had been getting on each other's nerves lately. 6. I was happy that ever since Max moved in here, the place had been ringing with laughter. 7. He said frankly that he had been thinking about the offer for a long time now but he hadn't discussed it with his wife yet. 8. I knew they had known each other since the war and had now been corresponding for years. 9. It seemed to me that I had done nothing since I arrived. 10. I told him I had been in all evening. I had been waiting to talk with him.

 

Ex. 19 Use the Past Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect in the following sentences

1. Her name was Logan. She (to be) a widow for fifteen years and had no children. 2. He wanted to find out how long the two men (to stay) with them. 3. We talked about what we (to do) since we left school. 4. The last member of the party was Neville, the film star, whom David {to know) for some time. 5. The bearded man told him that the partisans (to import) arms for some time now. 6. We told them that in our absence the garden (to be) looked after by an old man who (to live) in the area since the Boer war. 7. Now they were floating in the little green boat upon the per-! fectly calm sea in which they, lately (to swim). 8. Jack was half an hour late and he asked what we (to eat) because he wanted to order the same. 9. Basil said that he (to write) all day and (not to eat) anything. 10. She said she (not to see) him since he was in his first year at the university. 11. Her lack of accent was explained by the fact that she (to be) for twenty years in London. 12. It was cold and dark in the small room because it (to rain) for five days. 13. He said he (to have) the statuette for a long time. 14. The noise woke Joe who (to sleep) in his pram by the garage door. 15. I went into the kitchen. Nothing (to be) touched in it since the morning before. 16. He said he (not to write) to me because he (to work) on the new play.

 

Ex. 20 Translate the following into English concentrating on the use of Past Perfect Continuous

1. Он поднял голову от чашки кофе, который он все помешивал, но не пил. 2. Том никак не хотел, чтобы его мать знала, чем мы все время занимались. З.Она видела по их мокрым костюмам, что они только что плавали. 4. Люди, которых она встречала, казалось, знали, где она была и что там делала. 5. В машинку был вставлен лист бумаги, на котором кто-то учился печатать. 6. Когда он вернулся, мы постарались сделать вид, что мы говорили не о нем. 7. Макс поднял книгу, которую он перед этим читал, и загнул уголок страницы, чтобы отметить место. 8. Я сидела на кухне и курила. Флора, которая играла в гостиной, пришла посмотреть, что я делаю.

 

Ex. 21 The simple past and the past perfect, simple and continuous

Part A

A: I haven't seen your brother lately. Has he gone away? B: Yes, he's/he has been sent to America. A: When did he go? B: He went last month. A: Have you had any letters from him?

B: I haven't, but his wife has been hearing from him regularly. A: Does she intend to go out and join him? B: They've been thinking about it but haven't quite decided yet. Unfortunately they've had a lot of expense lately and perhaps haven 7 got the money for her fare.

TOM: What have you done with my knife? (Where have you put it?)

ANN: I put it back in your drawer.

TOM (taking it out): But what have you been doing with it? The blade's all twisted¹. Have you been using it to open tins?

A: Do you see those people on that little sandy island? They've been waving handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.

B: They need help. The tide's coming in and very soon that little island will be under water. Have you been sitting here calmly and doing nothing to help them?

A: I've never been here before. I didn't know about the tides.

 

Part B        

Jane	Alan
Have you read any good books recently?	Well, yes I have, as a matter of fact.
Oh, well, which books have you read?	I've read 'Wonderful Life' and 'The Language Instinct'.
Really? And what did you think of them?	They were very good. I'd recommend them.
Have you been to the cinema recently?	Well, yes I have, as a matter of fact.
Oh, what film did you go to see?	I went to see Seven.
Really? What did you think of it?	I thought it was OK.

      

Ex. 27 In your notebook, rewrite the following passage, making all the necessary tense changes

Example: it was 10 o'clock at night. The offices of 'The Daily Hewe' were buzzing with excitement.

It's 10 o'clock at night. The offices of 'The Daily News' are buzzing with excitement. The deadline for the paper is in half an hour and they are frantically trying to finish the front page. Everyone has been working all evening without a break. Some of the journalists have been at the office since early morning. They have all been trying to get an exclusive story, to find out something that no other journalist has discovered. The main story is a big one. The Prime Minister has resigned. Everyone knows that his government has had lots of problems in the last year but his resignation is nonetheless a big surprise. Rumours have been going round all day about the real reasons for the announcement. Some say that he has been involved in some financial scandal. Others say that he has been seeing another woman. All the papers have been working all day to get the best story. And they've been doing their best to find out what the other papers have said. The whole day has been very tense. Suddenly the editor asks everyone to be quiet. There is a telephone call from the Prime Minister's office.

 

Ex. 28 Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence

 1. When did you last go/have you last been to the cinema? 2. We'd better wait here until the rain stops/will stop. 3. I've finished my exams; so I'm having/I have a party tomor­row.4. Why do you stare/are you staring at me like that? - You look/are looking beautiful today.5. When the phone rang I had/was having coffee in the kitchen. 6. I can't go out because I haven't finished/I didn't finish my homework yet.7. How long are you working/have you been working here? 8. I'm waiting for Kate. Have you seen/Did you see her? 9. Your suitcase looks very heavy. Will I/Shall I help you? 10. When I was a child, I used to ride/was riding a tricycle.11. What do you do/are you doing! - I'm a student.12. When we arrived home, it already stopped/had stopped raining and the children sat/were sitting outside the door waiting for us.13. At the beginning of the film I realized that I saw/had seen it before.14. I'll get in touch with you as soon as I know/will know the results.15. I'm sorry I can't talk long. I study/am studying for an exa­mination.16. I stay/am staying at the Hotel Superior. Why don't you call me? 17. "What did you do/were you doing when you saw the snake?" - I ran away! 18. By the time the police get there, the burglars will have vanished/ vanished.19. I'm sorry I haven't written/I didn't write to you lately, but I've been working/worked hard this term.20. When I was on holiday last summer, I was going/went to the beach every day and lie/was lying in the sun since morn­ing till afternoon.21. The last bus had gone/went so I made/did my way on foot.22.  Athens is/are becoming more and more attractive to tour­ists. Have you made/done much progress with your Greek 23. Although the city seem/seems to some big and noisy, tour­ists still find/are finding a lot of quiet places with romantic atmosphere to enjoy a tasty Greek meal and listen to tradi­tional music.24. The number of taxis in Athens is/are amazing and apart from the rash hour it is quite difficult to get hold of one when one need/needs it.

 

Ex. 29 Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense

1 While I (try) to get my car started, a passing car (stop) and the driver (offer) to help me.2 The police (pay) no attention to the woman's complaints because she (phone) so many times before.3. They (get) married next month and they (want) you to come to the wedding.4. I (phone) about your advertisement for a bicycle for sale, which I (see) in the local paper. (You sell) it or is it still available?5. The police (think) that they (find) your missing wallet, so call this number.6. Sorry, could you say that again? I (not listen) to you. 7. We (walk) for two hours already. Let's have a rest. We (not, eat) anything since morning. 8. This tooth (kill) me lately! So I (make) an appointment with the dentist for Monday. 9. The train (arrive) at 8 tomorrow evening, so I (meet) them at the station. I (take) a taxi. 10. Which hotel does (she stay) in when she (come) here? - Oh, I (see) her today. She (come) yesterday and (stay) in the Orion. - You (happen) to know her telephone number? - Sure.11. I (stand) here for a quarter of an hour already. I'll get some money from the bank when it (open). - What you (want) to buy? – I (go) on holiday tomorrow and (return) in a month.12. I'm sure you (feel) better after you (take) the medicine. I (want) you to believe me.13. When I (see) her tomorrow, I (tell) her news, if she (want) to listen to me.14. She (carry) this heavy bag all the way. That's why she is so tired. Why you (not/help) her? 15. (You ever think) what exactly (you do) after you (graduate) from university?16. According to computer experts, computers (make) soon accurate predictions about the future, but people (not be able) to do it.17. Professor Vincent, from Cambridge University (believe) that by the 2050, computers (replace) teachers, and (also do) most of the jobs that the police (do) now. "Computers (become) more intelligent all the time", he says. "Soon they (direct) traffic and (teach) our children and also they (tell) us about the future!"18. Venice slowly (sink) into the sea. Scientists (try) to save it and (work) hard at this problem for many years already. But by the time they (find) the answer, the city probably (sink)

 

Ex. 30 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form

1. The director (not to allow) the actors to travel by air while they (work) on the film last time.2. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker just (finish) speaking and the audience (clap). 3. I remember that while I (learn) to drive I (have) ten acci­dents.4. Yesterday he (have) a bad fall while he (repair) the roof of his house.5. While we (fish) someone came to the house and (leave) this note for us. 6. The exam just (begin) and the candidates (write) their names at the top of their papers. 7. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Jane (came) in at 7.00. 8. When I arrived, the lecture (start) already and the professor (write) something on the blackboard. 9. He was very polite. Whenever his wife (enter) the room he (stand) up. 10. What you (think) of his last book? - I (like) it very much. It's the most interesting book I ever (read). 11. When she (leave) school, she cut her hair and (wear) it short ever since.12. Mr. Blake is the bank manager. He (be) here for twenty-five years. He says he (be going) to retire soon.13. We (miss) the last bus. Now we (walk) home in the rain and (feel) ourselves miserable.14. You (know) that lady who just (leave) the shop? She (be) a customer of yours? 15. You (see) my bag anywhere? I (look) for it for ages but I haven't found it yet.16. You are tired. You (drive) all day. Let me drive now.17. That helicopter (fly) round the house for the last hour. You (think) it (take) photographs? 18.The radio (play) since 7 a.m. I (have) a headache, and I want you to turn it off.19. He (study) Russian for two years but he (not learn) even the alphabet yet.20. That house (be) empty for a year. But they (take) down the "For Sale" sign today, so I suppose someone (buy) it al­ready.21. I (phone) you twice yesterday and (get) no answer. Where (you be) and what (you do) the whole day? 22. It (snow) for three days now. The roads (block) if it (not to stop) soon.23. He (sleep) since ten o'clock. It's time he woke up. He (be) to be at college in ten minutes. 24. I only (hear) from him twice since he (go) away. I (not see) him for ages. 25. Sam, why (you make) such a horrible noise? - I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my mother but she (not to hear) any­thing.26. We (buy) a new flat not long ago and we (move) in very soon. We (not buy) new furniture yet. 27. If you (learn) another language, you will get a better job when you (leave) school. 28. I am sure that I (recognize) him when we (meet) next summer.29. I hope you (understand) everything when you (be) older. Now you (not understand) anything. 30. I'm sorry that the child (see) the accident yesterday. – I (not think) it matters. He (forget) everything soon. 31. He says that they (broadcast) his speech tonight. He (get) ready for it now. 32. She (hire) a typewriter already and she (learn) to type soon. 33. I (plan) already my future for the next ten years. - That is very clever of you. What you (do) when you (leave) univer­sity? - I (not decide) yet. 34. There (be) a phone again. - Take no notice. We (not an­swer) it. 35. They just (take) him to hospital with a broken leg. He (stay) there for a week or two. 36. You (drive), please? I (not like) driving at night. It (rain) cats and dogs now. 37. It is raining. If you (walk) there in this rain, you (get) aw­fully wet. 38. We just (get) to the top in time. The sun (rise) in a minute.39. It is nearly autumn; soon the leaves (change) their colour.40. The ship (leave) in a few minutes and all persons not travel­ling are asked to go ashore.41. I hope you (do) well in the race tomorrow. I (think) of you. 42. I (not take) any photographs for some time because I must repair my camera.43. She (not sing) at the last concert, because she (go) home suddenly. 44. I'm sorry but I (not feed) your dog again. He always (try) to bite me when I come near him. 45. He won't be wearing uniform when you (see) him, because he (be) on leave then, and they (not wear) uniform when they (be) on leave. 46. She promised to phone me in the morning, but it is now 12 o'clock and she (not phone) yet.47. I just (receive) a letter saying that we (not pay) this electri­city bill. 48. How long you (be) out of work? - I (not be) out of work now. I already (start) a new job. 49. You (finish) checking the accounts? - No, not quite. I (do) it in half an hour.50. She (lose) her job last month and since then she (be) out of work. - Why she (lose) her job? – I (not know).51. What (you think) the children (do) when we (get) home yesterday? – I think they (sleep).52. I just (remember) that I (leave) the bathroom taps on. - (I go) home to turn them off or you (do) it yourself? 53. Kate, you (leave) the light on. - Oh, so I have. I (go) and turn it off.54. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and said that he (enjoy) it very much. 55. Dear Mr. Smith, my family and I (suffer) a great deal lately from the noise made by your guests when they (leave) your house on Sunday nights.56. I (write) to you three weeks ago and (ask) about conditions of entry into your college. But I (not receive) any informa­tion yet. 57. By the time you (finish) getting ready, we (miss) the train! Don't worry. We (take) a taxi. 58. Sally! I (not expect) to see you here! What (you do) in New York? – I come at business. 59. I (hope) to meet you ever since I (read) your first novel. I (read) all the books you (write). 60. If you (come), I (meet) you here in a week's time. We (have) a good time.

 

Ex. 31 Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense

1. This is my new car. What (you think) if it? - Splendid! Where (you buy) it? 2. - Who (be) you? - What (you mean)? I (live) here. I (be) your neighbour. 3. I can't find the car keys. What (you do) with them? 4. Sorry I haven't fixed the plug. I (mean) to get round to it, but I just (not to find) the time.5. What (you do) on Saturdays? - As a rule I (stay) at home, but next Sunday I (leave) for Paris.6. I don't know what time we'll eat. It (depend) when Helen (get) here.7. I supported you at the time because I (feel) that you were right.8. Peter couldn't understand what had been decided because too many people (talk) at once. 9. Jean, I'm so glad you've got here at last. I (expect) you all day.10. Please (not to let) me down this time! I (depend) on you.11. Sam (not receive) the parcel the last time I (speak) to him. I hope he (receive) it already.12. I (consider) buying a house, but now I (change) my mind. I (buy) a flat soon.13. When you (feel) hungry later, room service (bring) you whatever you (want).14. I (find) it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I (lose) my ticket.15. Since I (pay) for our lunch, I (try) to attract the waiter's attention now.16. As soon as I (have) a good look at the designs, I (send) them back to you.17. I (not understand) what you (wait) for. Everybody (go) home already.18. (anyone see) my pencil? I (leave) it here somewhere. Who (take) it?19. When he (not arrive) at 6.00,1 knew he (miss) the bus.20. (you go away) this weekend or (you run out) of money? -1 (go) to Paris.21. What (you think) you (do) in ten years' time? - I (not tell) you about it.22. I (really enjoy) myself at the moment, as I already (pass) my exams.23. (you let) me know the minute you (hear) any news? Don't worry, I (do) it.24. Something (tell) me that you (not listen) to a single word I (say) in the past ten minutes! - Sorry, you (repeat) what you (say)?25. What's the matter? (you hurt) your ankle? How (you do) it? -1 (fall) down today.26. That's definitely the last time that I (lend) you any money!- Thanks. I (give) it back soon.27. It is raining, but if you (take) your umbrella, you (not get) wet. I (leave it) work.28. We (sit) in the sunshine for about half an hour when I sud­denly (feel) sick. So we (decide) to go home immediately.29. He says his train (leave) in 2 hours. He (pack) his things at the moment.30. We first (come) to this town more than twenty years ago. Everything (change) in the town since that time.31. Your farther will be furious when he (see) what you (do). - I (show) him nothing.32. I hope that I (translate) this scientific article before my boss (ask) me if I (finish) this work.

 

Ex. 32 Complete the sentences applying the sequence of tenses rule

1. The doctor said that if I (take) a warm bath just before I (go) to bed, I (feel) much better soon. I (be) ill for two days al­ready.2. The teacher warned the boy that he (fail) his English exam if he (not work) hard. It's the second time she (tell) him about it, but it (seem) to me he (not believe) her.3. My mother said to me that by the end of the month the Post office (send) us a bill which we (not be able) to pay be­cause I (talk) on the phone for hours every day.4. My parents asked me when my quests (come) the next day and if I (be going) to cook the Sunday dinner. I answered that we (decide) to go to the restaurant.5. The teacher said that we (must) be careful because even if we (make) any mistakes, she (not give) us any additional time to correct them.6. I was grateful to my friend that he (repair) my TV-set. It (work) perfectly for years already.7. Ann was only twenty five, but she (teach) English at the university for four years already.8. I asked my sister if she (go) to the concert the next day and if she (return) home by the time I (arrive). She said that she (work) at home the whole evening and (not go) anywhere.9. I (take) a quick look at the picture and (be) certain that I (see) the man before. I was sure I (recognize) him when I (meet) him again.10. My father declared that he (want) to go on holiday to the lake district and he (buy) already a new rod for fishing. He said he (leave) in two days and (spend) there not less than two weeks. It's the first time that he (decide) to go alone.11. We learnt yesterday that our library (receive) a lot of new books by the end of the year. As soon as the librarian (register) all the books, we (be able) to borrow them. I hope she (do) it soon.12. I (translate) the article for ten minutes when the man­ager (phone) me and asked how long I (translate) it and if I (finish) the translation before he (leave) home. I answered that I (try) to do it as soon as possible, though it (be) time for me to go home.

 

Ex. 33 Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb given

1. John always claims that he (be) innocent, but for many years no one (believe) him.2. Hello, Kate, it's Peter here. What (you do)? - Nothing much. I (revise) but I had to stop because my computer (not work).3. Father heard the results of the election when he (drive) to work, so he (phone) me when he (get) there and (congratu­late) me.4. I'd like to work abroad eventually. But I (want) some full-time experience first. I (do) a Nursery Teacher's course this year. We (finish) next week, in fact. And I (get) a Child Care certificate soon.- You (sound) just the sort of person we (look) for. When (you be) able to start?- As soon as I (finish) my Nursery Teacher's course.5. I don't want to spend a lot of money today because I (save) as much as I can until I (go) on holiday.6. You (watch) this stupid film since the lunch time. Let's switch over to the other channel.7. Fanny's really excited about going to England. She (not be) there before though she (learn) English for several years.8. My sister (be) interested in medicine since she (be) a child.9. Oh, dear. What can we do? I'm sure something dreadful (happen); we (wait) over an hour and he (not phone) yet.10. We (post) the parcel three weeks ago. If you still (not re­ceive) it, please inform us immediately.11. I (work) in this company for a month already. Everyone (be) very friendly. I (expect) to have quite a lot of problems, but I (not have) any really. Not here at work, anyway. And I (make) a lot of new friends. Unfortunately, the journey to work (be) too long. It (take) me one hour to get here every day.12. Twenty years ago few people (realize) that computers (be­come) part of our daily lives. This short period of time (see) enormous changes in business, education and public ad­ministration. Many people may now be wondering whether the spread of computers (bring) us as many problems as it (solve).13. I (be) pleased to see my old university friends at the confe­rence last week as we (not see) each other since we (finish) our course.14. We had to wait for hours at the airport because the bad weather (delay) all the flights.15. Oh, dear. I hope you (feel) better now. I (make) some tea when the news (finish).... I (bring) you a cup? - No, don't bother. Thanks. 16. I think we must keep in touch, (you remember) to send me your address when you (set) to the States?17. We (not get) enough money to pay for the advertising we need, (you be) in touch with the bank yet? Yes. I (see) the manager next Monday.18. In Britain schools (change) a lot in recent years. Standards (improve) and there (be) a wide choice of schools for get­ting education. Grammar schools still (exist) in the country. Pupils (pass) an exam called the Eleven Plus to go to a Grammar School where they (receive) a good, formal aca­demic education. The name "grammar" (come) from me­dieval system of teaching Latin grammar as the basis for education. There (be) 200 Grammar Schools today in the country.19. Secondary modern schools (appear) in 1944 for pupils who (fail) eleven plus examination.20. Comprehensive schools (about 94% of all schools) (be) in­troduced in 1965. These schools (provide) an equal secon­dary education for all people regardless of their abilities.21. - How are you getting on, Bob? You (look) so sad.- Well, I (start) having bad headaches a couple of weeks ago and they (get) worse. I (not, sleep) properly, I'm tired all the time, and the worst thing is my hair (go) grey and I'm only 32!- Oh, you (smoke) thirty cigarettes a day for ten years al­ready. You (work) at least ten hours a day since last year. And how you (relax)?! You always (sit) in front the TV with a pizza and a few beers. You never (do) any exercises but you (lose) a lot of weight at the moment and you (not, know) why. I (think) you (suffer) from stress. You must go to the doctor. He (examine) you and (give) some advice. I (hope) everything (be) all right, if you (eat) a more varied diet and (do) some exercises regularly. But first of all (not, forget) to go to the doctor.22. I asked my aunt if she (be able) to get tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre when we (arrive) in Moscow. She promised that she (try) to help us though it (be) rather difficult to do it. 23. I (send) the invitation already. I think I (receive) the reply as soon as the (get) it.24. This week the police (arrest) a couple in Switzerland, where they (try) to sell chocolate secretes. The first person who (bring) chocolate to Europe (be) Cortes, who (be) an explorer.25. Henry Nestle, who (be) Swiss, (develop) the process of making milk chocolate. Since  that time chocolate (be) popular among children and grown-ups.26. Hijackers still (hold) twenty passengers in a plane at Man­chester airport. The hostages (sit) in the plane now without food or water for two days already.27. Mrs Green (wait) for the doctor for half an hour. When he (examine) her son, he said that the child (must stay) in bed till he (get) better.28. "While I (stay) with the English family I (improve) my English greatly", my friend said.29. She (do) her sopping when he first (meet) her. Six months later they (get) married and since that time (live) together. They are the happiest family I ever (meet). 30. We (go) to Italy next week. We (take) the plane. Usually we (have) two weeks' holiday but this year we (have) four. We (stay) at a friend's house in Verses. Usually he (work) in Mi­lan but at the moment he (spend) the summer in New York.

 

Ex. 34 Complete the news report. Put each verb into the correct form

The actress Vanessa Kemp has disappeared (disappear). Yesterday she (I)…(fail) to arrive at the Prince Charles Theatre in London's West End for her leading role in the comedy 'Don't look now!'. Ms Kemp, who (2)…(live) in Hampstead, (3)…(leave) home at four o'clock yesterday afternoon for the theatre, a journey she (4)…(make) several times the week before. Two people who (5)……(walk) past her home at the time 6)…(see) her leave. But no one (7)…(see) her since then. At half past seven she still (8)…(not / arrive) at the theatre. At eight o'clock the theatre manager had to break the news to the audience, who (9)…(wait) patiently for the play to start. Since yesterday, theatre staff and friends (10)…(try) to contact Ms Kemp, but they (II)……(have) no success so far. The police (12)…(take) the matter seriously, but they (13)…(believe) that she is unlikely to be in any danger. Her friends all (14) … (want) to hear from her soon.

 

Ex. 35 Complete the sentences using the notes in brackets. The verbs can be present continuous, present simple or present perfect

1.We bought this picture a long time ago. We've had it (we / have / it) for ages. 2. Sarah finds her mobile phone very useful……(she / use / it) all the time. 3. Vicky doesn't know where her watch is…(she / lose / it). 4. We're in the middle of decorating our kitchen, so we can't cook any meals. …..(we / get / them) from a take-away restaurant this week. 5. Claire is on a skiing holiday…(she / enjoy / it), she says on her postcard. 6. The colour of this paint is absolutely awful …(I/hate/it). 7. These figures certainly should add up…(I / check / them) several times already. 8. Trevor and Laura like Scrabble. …(they / play / it) most evenings. 9. These flowers are dying… (you / not water / them) for ages.

 

Ex. 36 Put in a pronoun and the correct form of the verb. Use the past continuous, the past simple or the present perfect continuous

1.David: You look tired.

Melanie: Yes, I expect I do…(work) all day.

2. Sarah:  Is Laura at home?

Trevor: No…(go) out about half an hour ago.

3. Vicky:  I haven't finished this letter yet.

Rachel: It must be a long letter. ….(write) it since lunch-time.

4.Harriet: I see you've got some new neighbors.

Tom    Yes, a young couple…(move) in last month.

5. David: Did Tom drive you home?