Основные стилистические приемы. Стилистический анализ текста

 

 

Analize the text according to the plan.

 

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)

CAT IN THE RAIN

(1925)

 

There were only two Americans at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs to their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colours of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea. Italians came from a long way off to look up at the war monument. It was made of bronze and glistened in the rain. It was raining. The rain dripped from the palm trees. Water stood in pools on the gravel paths. The sea broke in a long line in the rain and slipped back down the beach to come up and break again in a long line in the rain.

The motor-cars were gone from the square by the war monument. Across the square in the doorway of the cafe a waiter stood looking out at the empty square.

The American wife stood at the window looking out. Out-side right under their window a cat was crouched under one of the dripping green lables.  The cat was trying to make herself so compact that she would not be dripped on.

“I'm going down and get that kitty”, the American wife said.

“I'll do it”, her husband offered from the bed.

“No, I'll get it. The poor kitty out trying to keep dry under a table.”

The husband went on reading, lying propped up with the two pillows at the foot of the bed.

“Don't get wet”, he said.

The wife went downstairs and the hotel owner stood up and bowed to her as she passed the office. He was an old man and very tall.

“Il prove” the wife said. She liked the hotel-keeper.

“Si, si, Signora, brutto tempo. It's very bad weather.”

He stood behind his desk in the far end of the dim room. The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands.

Liking him she opened the door and looked out. It was raining harder. A man in a rubber cape was crossing the empty square to the cafe. The cat would be around to the right. Perhaps she could go along under the eaves. As she stood in the doorway an umbrella opened behind her. It was the maid who looked after their room.

“You must not get wet”, she smiled, speaking Italian Of course, the hotel-keeper had sent her.

With the maid holding the umbrella over her, she walked along the gravel path until she was under their window. The table was there, washed bright green in the rain, but the cat was gone. She was suddenly disappointed. The maid looked up at her.

“Ha perduto qualque cosa, Signora?”

“There was a cat”, said the American girl.

“A cat?”

“Si, il gatt'”

“A cat?” the maid laughed. “A cat in the rain?”

“Yes”, she said, “under the table.” Then, “Oh, I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty”.

When she talked English the maid's face tightened.

“Come, Signora” she said. “We must get back inside. You will be wet”.

“I suppose so”, said the American girl.

They went back along the gravel path and passed in the door. The maid stayed outside to close the umbrella. As the American girl passed the office, the padrone bowed from his desk. Something felt very small and tight inside the girl. The padrone made her feel very small and at the same time really important. She had a momentary feeling of being of supreme importance. She went on up the stairs. She opened the door of the room, George was on the bed, reading.

“Did you get the cat?” he asked, putting the book down.

“It was gone”.

“Wonder where it went to?” he said, resting his eyes from reading.

She sat down on the bed.

I wanted it so much' she said. I don't know why I wanted it so much. I wanted that poor kitty. It isn't any fun to be a poor kitty out in the rain!'

George was reading again.

She went over and sat in front of the mirror of the dressing-table looking at herself with the hand glass. She studied her profile, first one side and then the other. Then she studied the back of her head and her neck.

“Don't you think it would be a good idea if I let my hair grow out?” she asked, looking at her profile again.

George looked up and saw the back of her neck, clipped close like a boy’s.

“I like it the way it is”.

“I get so tired of it”, she said. “I get so tired of looking like a boy.”

George shifted his position in the bed. He hadn't looked away from her since she started to speak.

“You look pretty darn nice”, he said.

She laid the mirror down on the dresser and went over to the window and looked out. It was getting dark.

“I want to pull my hair back tight and smooth and make a big knot at the back that I can feel”, she said. “I want to have a kitty to sit on my lap and purr when I stroke her.”

“Yeah?” George said from the bed.

“And I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I want candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I want some new clothes.”

“Oh, shut up and get something to read”, George said. He was reading again.

His wife was looking out of the window. It was quite dark now and still raining in the palm trees.

“Anyway, I want a cat”, she said'. “I want a cat. I want a cat now. If I can't have long hair or any fun, I can have a cat”.

George was not listening. He was reading his book. His wife looked out of the window where the light had come on in the square.

Someone knocked at the door.

“Avanti”, George said. He looked up from his book.

In the doorway stood the maid. She held a big tortoise-shell cat pressed tight against her and swung down against her body. “Excuse me” she said, “the padrone asked me to bring this for the Signora”.

 

2. Analize the text according to the plan.

 

Dorothy Parker (1893-1967)

THE LAST TEA

(1932)

The young man in the chocolate-brown suit sat down at the table, where the girl with the artificial camellia had been sitting for forty minutes.

“Guess I must he late”, he said. “Sorry you been waiting.”

“Oh, goodness!” she said. “I just got here myself, just about a second ago – I simply went ahead and ordered because I was dying for a cup of tea. I was late, myself. I haven't been here more than a minute.”

“That's good,” he said. “Hey, hey, easy on the sugar – one lump is fair enough. And take away those cakes. Terrible! Do I feel terrible!”

“Ah,” she said, “you do? Ah. Whadda matter?”

“Oh, I'm ruined,” he said. “I'm in terrible shape.”

“Ah, the poor boy,” she said. “Was it feelin' mizzable? Ah, and it came way up here to meet me! You shouldn't have that - I'd have done understood. Ah, just think of it coming all the way up here when it's so sick!”

“Oh that's all right,” he said. “I might as well be here as any place else: Any place is like any other place, the way I feel today. Oh, I'm all shot”.

“Why that's just awful,” she said. “Why, you poor sick thing. Goodness, I hope it isn't influenza. They say theres a lot of it around.”

“Influenza!” he said. “I wish that was all I had. Oh, I'm poisoned. I'm through. I'm off the stuff for life. Know what time I go to bed? Twenty minutes past five, a.m., this morning. What a night! What an evening!”

“I thought,” she said, “that you were going to stay at the office and work late. You said you'd be working every night this week”.

“Yeah, I know,” he said- “But it gave me the jumps, thinking about going down there and sitting at that desk. I went up to May's – she was throwing a party. Say, there was somebody there said they knew you.”

“Honestly?” she said- “Man or woman?”

“Dame”, he said. “Name's Carol McCall. Say, why haven't I been told about her before? That's what I call a girl. What a looker she is!”

“Oh really?” she said. “That's funny - I never heard of anyone that thought that. I've heard people say she was sort of nice-looking if she wouldn't make up so much. But I never heard of anyone that thought she was pretty.”

“Pretty is right,” he said. “What a couple of eyes she's got on her!”

“Really?” she said. “I never noticed them particularly. But I hadn't seen her for a long time - sometimes people change, or something.”

“She says she used to go to school with you,” he said.

“Well, we went to the same school,” she said. “I simply happened to go to public school because it happened to be right near us, and Mother hated to have me crossing streets. But she was three or four classes ahead of me. She's ages older than I am.”

“She's three or four classes ahead of them all,” he said. “Dance! Can she step! 'Burn your clothes, baby;' I kept telling her. I must have been fried pretty.”

“I was out dancing myself, last night,” she said. “Wally Dillon and I. He's just been pestering me to go out with him. He's the most wonderful dancer.  Goodness! I didn't get home till I don't know what time. I must look just simply a wreck. Don't I?”

“You look all right.” he said.

“Wally's crazy,” she said. “The things he says! For some crazy reason or other, he's got it into his head that I've got beautiful eyes, and, well, he just kept talking about them till I didn't know where to look, I was so embarrassed. I got so red, I thought every body in the place would be looking at me. I got just as red as a brick. Beautiful eyes! Isn't he crazy?”

“He's all right,” he said. “Say, this little McCall girl, she's had all kinds of offers to go into moving pictures, “Why don't you go ahead and go?” I told her. But she says she doesn't feel like it.”

“There was a man up at the lake, two summers ago,” she said-“He was a director or something with one of the big moving-picture people – oh, he had all kinds of influence! –  and he used to keep insisting and insisting that I ought to be in the movies. Said I ought to be doing sort of Garbo parts. I used to just laugh at him. Imagine!”

“She’s had about a million offers,” he said. “I told her to go ahead and go. She keeps getting these offers all the time.”

“Oh, really?” she said. “Oh, listen, I knew I had something to ask you – Did you call me up last night, by any chance?”

“Me?” he said. “No, I didn't call you”.

“While I was out, Mother said this man's voice kept calling up,” she said- “I thought maybe it might be you, by some chance. I wonder who it could have been. Oh -I guess I know who it was. Yes, that's who it was!”

“No, I didn't call you,” he said, “I couldn't have seen a telephone, last night. What a head I had on me, this morning! I called Carol up, around ten, and she said she was feeling great. Can that girl hold her liquor!”

“It's a funny thing about me,” she said, “It just makes me feel sort of sick to see a girl drink. It's just something in me, I guess. I don't mind a man so much, but it makes me feel perfectly terrible to see a girl get intoxicated. It's just the way I am, I suppose.”

“Does she carry it!” he said. “And then feels great the next day. There's a girl! Hey, what are you doing there? I don't want any more tea, thanks. I'm not one of these tea boys. And these tea rooms give me the jumps! Look at all those old dames, will you? Enough to give you the jumps.”

“Of course, if you'd rather be some place, drinking, with I don't know what kinds of people,” she said, “I'm sure I don't see how I can help that – Goodness, there are enough people that are glad enough to take me to tea. I don't know how many people keep calling me up and pestering me to take me to tea. Plenty of people!”

“All right, all right, I'm here, aren't I?” he said. “Keep your hair on.”

“I could name them all day,” she said.

“All right,” he said. “What's there to crab about?”

“Goodness, it isn't any of my business what you do,” she said. “But I hate to see you wasting your time with people that aren't nearly good enough for you. That's all.”

“No need worrying over me,” he said. “I'll be all right. Listen. You don’t have to worry.”

“It's just I don't like to see you wasting your time,” she said, “staying up all night and then feeling terribly the next day. Ah, I was forgetting he was so sick. Ah, I was mean, wasn't I, scolding him when he was so mizzable. Poor boy. How's he feel now?”

“Oh, I'm all right,” he said. “I feel fine. You want anything else? How about getting a check? I got to make a telephone call before six.”

“Oh, really?” she said, “Calling up Carol?”

“She said she might be in around now,” he said.

“Seeing her tonight?” she said.

“She's going to let me know when I call up,” he said. “She's probably got about a million dates. Why?”

“I was just wondering,” she said. “Goodness, I've got to fly! I'm having dinner with Wally, and he's so crazy, he's probably there now. He's called me up about a hundred times today.”

“Wait till I pay the check,” he said, “and I'll put you on a bus.”

“Oh, don't bother,” she said. “It's right at the corner. I've got to fly. I suppose you want to stay and call up your friend from here?”

“It's an idea,” he said. “Sure you'll be all right?”

“Oh, sure,” she said. Busily she gathered her gloves and purse, and left her chair. He rose, not quite fully, as she stopped beside him.

“When I’ll see you again?” she said.

“I'll call you up,” he said. “I'm all tied up, down at the office and everything. Tell you what I'll do. I'll give you a ring,”

“Honestly, I have more dates!” she said. “It's terrible. I don't know when I'll have a minute. But you call up, will you?”

“I'll do that,” he said. “Take care of yourself.”

“You take care of yourself,” she said, “Hope you'll feel all right.”

“Oh, I'm fine,” he said. “Just beginning to come back to life.”

“Be sure and let me know how you feel,” she said. “Will you? Sure, now? Well, good-bye. Oh, have a good time tonight!”

“Thanks,” he said. “Hope you have a good time, too,” “Oh, I will,” she said. “I expect to. I've got to rush! Oh, I nearly forgot! Thanks ever so much for the tea. It was lovely.”

“Be yourself, will you?” he said, “It was,” she said. “Well. Now don't forget to call me up, will you? Sure? Well, good by.”

“Solong,” he said.

She walked on down the little line between the blue-painted tables.

 

 

3. Analize the text according to the plan.

 

John Cheever (1912-1982)

REUNION

(1962)

 

The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station. I was going from my grandmother's in the Adirondacks to a cottage on the Cape that my mother had rented, and I wrote my father that I would be in New York between trains for an hour and a half, and asked if we could have lunch together. His secretary wrote to say that he would meet me at the information booth at noon, and at twelve o'clock sharp I saw him coming through the crowd. He was a stranger to me - my mother divorced him three years ago and I hadn't been with him since - but as soon as I saw him I felt that he was my father, my flesh and blood, my future and my doom. I knew that when I was grown I would be something like him; 1 would have to plan my campaigns within his limitations. He was a big, good-looking man, and I was terribly happy to see him again. He struck me on the back and shook my hand. “Hi, Charlie,” he said. “Hi, boy. I'd like to take you up to my club, but it's in the Sixties, and if you have to catch an early train I guess we'd better get something to eat around here.” He put his arm around me, and I smelled my father the way my mother sniffs a rose. It was a rich compound of whiskey, after-shave lotion, shoe polish, woolens, and the rankness of a mature male. I hoped that someone would see us together. I wished that we could be photographed. I wanted some record of our having been together.

We went out of the station and up a side street to a restaurant. It was still early, and the place was empty. The bartender was quarreling with a delivery boy, and there was one very old waiter in a red coat down by the kitchen door. We sat down, and my father hailed the waiter in a loud voice. “Kellner!” he shouted. “Garcon! Cameriere! You!” His boisterousness in the empty restaurant seemed out of place. “Could we have a little service here!” he shouted. “Chop- chop.” Then he clapped his hands. This caught the waiter's attention, and he shuffled over to our table.

“Were you clapping your hands at me?” he asked. “Calm down, calm down, sommelier,” my father said. “It isn't too much to ask of you—if it wouldn't be too much above and beyond the call of duty, we would like a couple of Beefeater Gibsons.”

“I don't like to be clapped at,” the waiter said. “I should have brought my whistle,” my father said. “I have a whistle that is audible only to the ears of old waiters. Now, take out your little pad and your little pencil and see if you can get this straight: two Beefeater Gibsons. Repeat after me: two Beefeater Gibsons.” “I think you'd better go somewhere else,” the waiter said quietly. “That,” said my father, “is one of the most brilliant suggestions I have ever heard. Come on, Charlie, let's get the hell out of here.”

I followed my father out of that restaurant into another. He was not so boisterous this time. Our drinks came, and he cross-questioned me about the baseball season. He then struck the edge of his empty glass with his knife and began shouting again. “Garcon! Kellner! Cameriere! You! Could we trouble you to bring us two more of the same.”

“How old is the boy?” the waiter asked.

“That,” my father said, “is none of your God-damned business.” “I'm sorry, sir,” the waiter said, “but I won't serve the boy another drink.” “Well, I have some news for you,” my father said. “I have some very interesting news for you. This doesn't happen to be the only restaurant in New York. They've opened another on the corner. Come on, Charlie.”

He paid the bill, and I followed him out of that restaurant into another. Here the waiters wore pink jackets like hunting coats, and there was a lot of horse tack on the walls. We sat down, and my father began to shout again. “Master of the hounds! Tallyhoo and all that sort of thing. We'd like a little something in the way of a stirrup cup. Namely, two Bibson Geefeaters.” “Two Bibson Geefeaters?” the waiter asked, smiling. “You know damned well what I want,” my father said angrily. “I want two Beefeater Gibsons, and make it snappy. Things have changed in jolly old England. So my friend the duke tells me. Let's see what England can produce in the way of a cocktail.”

“This isn't England,” the waiter said.

“Don't argue with me,” my father said. “Just do as you're told.”

“I just thought you might like to know where you are,” the waiter said.

“If there is one thing I cannot tolerate,” my father said, “it is an impudent domestic. Come on, Charlie.”

The fourth place we went to was Italian. “Buon giorno,” my father said. “Per favore, possiamo auere due cocktail americani, forti, forti. Molto gin, poco vermut.”

“I don't understand Italian,” the waiter said.

“Oh, come off it,” my father said. “You understand Italian, and you know damned well you do. Vogliamo due cocktail americani. Subito.”

The waiter left us and spoke with the captain, who came over to our table and said, “I'm sorry, sir, but this table is reserved.”

“All right,” my father said. “Get us another table.” “All the tables are reserved,” the captain said.

“I get it,” my father said. “You don't desire our patronage. Is that it? Well, the hell with you. Vada all'inferno. Let's go, Charlie.” “I have to get my train,” I said.

“I'm sorry, sonny,” my father said. “I'm terribly sorry.” He put his arm around me and pressed me against him. “I'll walk you back to the station. If there had only been time to go up to my club.” “That's all right. Daddy,” I said.

“I'll get you a paper,” he said. “I'll get you a paper to read on the train.” Then he went up to a newsstand and said, “Kind sir, will you be good enough to favor me with one of your God-damned, no-good, ten-cent afternoon papers?” The clerk turned away from him and stared at a magazine cover. “Is it asking too much, kind sir,” my father said, “is it asking too much for you to sell me one of your disgusting specimens of yellow journalism?” “I have to go. Daddy,” I said. “It's late.”

“Now, just wait a second, sonny,” he said. “Just wait a second. I want to get a rise out of this chap.”

“Goodbye, Daddy,” I said, and I went down the stairs and got my train, and that was the last time I saw my father.

 

 

4.2. Функциональные стили

 

 

1. Identify the functional style of the text. Analize the text. Prove your choice.

 

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

SELFISH GIANT

(1888)

 

Every afternoon, as they were coming from school, the children used to go and play in the Giant's garden.

It was a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars, and there were twelve peach-trees that in the spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. “How happy we are here!” they cried to each other.

One day the Giant came back. He had been to visit his friend the Cornish ogre, and had stayed with him for seven years. After the seven years were over he had said all that he had to say, for his conversation was limited, and he determined to return to his own castle.

When he arrived he saw the children playing in the garden.

“What are you doing heire?” he cried in a very gruff voice, and the children ran away.

“My own garden is my own garden,” said the Giant “any one can understand mat, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself.” So he built a high wall all round it, and put up a notice-board.

 

TRESPASSERS

WILL BE

PROSECUTED

 

He was a very selfish Giant.

The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried to play on the road, but the road was very dusty and full of hard stones, and they did not like it. They used to wander round the high wall when their lessons were over, and talk about the beautiful garden inside. "How happy we were there," they said to each other.

Then the Spring came, and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the Selfish Giant it was still winter. The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no children, and the trees forgot to blossom. Once a beautiful flower put its head out from the grass, but when it saw the notice- board it was so sorry for the children that it slipped back into the ground again, and went off to sleep. The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost. “Spring has forgotten this garden,” they cried, “so we will live here all the year round.” The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver. Then they invited the North Wind to stay with them, and he came. He was wrapped in furs, and he roared all day about the garden, and blew the chimney-pots down. “This is a delightful spot,” he said, “we must ask the Hail on a visit.” So the Hail came. Every day for three hours he rattled on the roof of the castle till he broke most of the slates, and then he ran round and round the garden as fast as he could go. He was dressed in grey, and his breath was like ice.

“I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming,” said the Selfish Giant, as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold white garden; “I hope there will be a change in the weather.”

But the Spring never came, nor the Summer. The Autumn gave golden fruit to every garden, but to the Giant's garden she gave none. “He is too selfish,” she said. So it was always Winter there, and the North Wind, and the Hail, and the Frost, and the Snow danced about through the trees.

One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music. It sounded so sweet to his ears that he thought it must be the King's musicians passing by. It was really only a little linnet singing outside his window, but it was so long since he had heard a bird sing in his garden that it seemed to him to be the most beautiful music in the world. Then the Hail stopped dancing over his head, and the North Wind ceased roaring, and a delicious perfume came to him through the open casement. “I believe the Spring has come at last,” said the Giant; and he jumped out of bed and looked out.

What did he see?

He saw a most wonderful sight. Through a little hole in the wall the children had crept in, and they were sitting in the branches of the trees. In every tree that he could see there was a little child. And the trees were so glad to have the children back again that they had covered themselves with blossoms, and were waving their arms gently above the children's heads. The birds were flying about and twittering with delight, and the flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing. It was a lovely scene, only in one corner it was still winter. It was the farthest corner of the garden, and in it was standing a little boy. He was so small that he could not reach up to the branches of the tree, and he was wandering all round it, crying bitterly. The poor tree was still quite covered with frost and snow, and the North Wind was blowing and roaring above it. “Climb up, little boy,” said the Tree, and it bent its branches down as low as it could; but the boy was too tiny.

And the Giant's heart melted as he looked out. “How selfish I have been!” he said; “now I know why the Spring would not come here. I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree, and then I will knock down the wall, and my garden shall be the children's play-ground for ever and ever.” He was really very sorry for what he had done.

So he crept downstairs and opened the front door quite softly, and went out into the garden. But when the children saw him they were so frightened that they all ran away, and the garden became winter again. Only the little boy did not run, for his eyes were so full of tears that he did not see the Giant coming. And the Giant stole up behind him and took him gently in his hand, and put him up into the tree. And the tree broke at once into blossom, and the birds came and sang on it, and the little boy stretched out his two arms and flung them round the Giant's neck, and kissed him. And the other children, when they saw that the Giant was not wicked any longer, came running back, and with them came the Spring. “It is your garden now, little children,” said the Giant, and he took a great axe and knocked down the wall. And when the people were going to market at twelve o'clock they found the Giant playing with the children in the most beautiful garden they had ever seen.

All day long they played, and in the evening they came to the Giant to bid him good-bye.

“But where is your little companion?” he said: “the boy I put into the tree.” The Giant loved him the best because he had kissed him.

“We don't know,” answered the children; “he has gone away.”

“You must tell him to be sure and come here to- morrow,” said the Giant. But the children said that they did not know where he lived, and had never seen him before; and the Giant felt very sad.

Every afternoon, when school was over, the children came and played with the Giant. But the little boy whom the Giant loved was never seen again. The Giant was very kind to all the children, yet he longed for his first little friend, and often spoke of him. “How I would like to see him!” he used to say.

Years went over, and the Giant grew very old and feeble. He could not play about any more, so he sat in a huge armchair, and watched the children at their games, and admired his garden. “I have many beautiful flowers,” he said; “but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all.”

One winter morning he looked out of his window as he was dressing. He did not hate the Winter now, for he knew that it was merely the Spring asleep, and that the flowers were resting.

Suddenly he rubbed his eyes in wonder, and looked and looked. It certainly was a marvellous sight. In the farthest corner of the garden was a tree quite covered with lovely white blossoms. Its branches were all golden, and silver fruit hung down from them, and underneath it stood the little boy he had loved.

Downstairs ran the Giant in great joy, and out into the garden. He hastened across the grass, and came near to the child. And when he came quite close his face grew red with anger, and he said, "Who hath dared to wound thee?" For on the palms of the child's hands were the prints of two nails, and the prints of two nails were on the little feet.

“Who hath dared to wound thee?” cried the Giant; “tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him.”

“Nay!” answered the child; “but these are the wounds of Love.”

“Who art thou?” said the Giant, and a strange awe fell on him, and he knelt before the little child.

And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, “You let me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise.”

And when the children ran in that afternoon, they found the Giant lying dead under the tree, all covered with white blossom.

 

2. Identify the functional style of the text. Analize the text. Prove your choice.

 

a. George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)

“BY THE WATERS OF BABYLON”

(1815)

I