Жбзнщ гд збэъб юп няжд гэсп гж мгъ

· Neither of my brothers could come to the party.

· Neither of my brothers lives/live at home any more.

· Neither of these cars is/are in a working condition.

· Neither of his sons looks after him.

Ё None = not any of                                                         

                                                        

۩ КУКОПг none   ббдЭн жКФнС Збн ЛбЗЛЙ ЭГЯЛС Гж ЗУг бЗ нЪП:

· "Can I have some more coffee?"                                                     

"Sorry, there's none left."

· None of my friends are (is) here.

۩ нхУКОПг гЪ none   ЕгЗ ЗУг бЗнЪП жнЯжд ЗбЭЪб гЭСП Гж ЗУг МгЪ жнЯжд ЗбЭЪб МгЪ Гж гЭСП:

· None of this money is mine.

· None o f his booksis (are) easy to understand.

 

۩ КхУКОПг none   ЕгЗ ЭЗЪб Гж гЭЪжб Эн ЗбМгбЙ:

· None of the children was (were) hungry.

· He said he had sent me 3 emails, but I received none.

 

۩ бЗНЩ Зде ЗРЗ ЯЗдК ЗбМгбЙ гдЭнЙ ГХбЗ бЗ КхУКОПг none   ждУКОПг ИПбЗ гдеЗ any:

· She didn't remember none of us . ✗ ✗✗ ✗

· She didn't remember any of us. ✓✓✓✓

· She remembered none of us.   ✓✓✓✓

۩ бЗНЩ Зд бж ИдКЯбг Ъд 2 ЭЮШ Эн ЗбдЭнЎ дУКОПг Neither жбнУ None:

· He gave two answers, but none of them was right. ✗ ✗✗ ✗

· He gave two answers, but neither of them was right. ✓✓✓✓

 

۩ ггЯд дУКОПг ЦгнС гЭЪжб гЛб us/them/you Гж ЗУг ЗФЗСЙ this/that/these/those  Гж the ИЪЬЬП None of

· None of this information is true.

· There are 3 computers here and none of them works well.

· None of the money was left.

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг none of whom   ббЕФЗСЙ Збн ЪЗЮб ж none of which ббЕФЗСЙ Збн ЫнС ЪЗЮб:

· I read 3 books, none of which was interesting.

· There are 10 people at the mqeeting, none of whom I've ever met.

۩ бЗНЩ ЗбКЪИнСЗК жЗбКСЗЯнИ ЗбВКнЙ гЪ none   

· None but = only

· None but Peter knew about our plan.

· None too + Adj. ХЭЙ = бнУ...КгЗгЗ (pleased/happy/easy/happy)

Nora was none too pleased with her exam results.

· It's none of (your) business бЗ ФГд бЯ ИРбЯ

· A: How much do you earn?

B: It's none of your business.

 

· second to none = the best ЗбГЭЦб

· This scientific research is second to none.

 

Ё Some                                                                              

                                                        

۩ нхУКОПг ИЪП some   ЗУг бЗ нхЪП жКФнС бЯгнЙ ЫнС гНППЙ Гж МТБ гд ФнБ жИЗбКЗбн ЗбЭЪб гЭСП:

· Some work needs to be done before we can go out.

 

۩ нхУКОПг ИЪП some   ЗУг МгЪ жКФнС бЪПП ЫнС гНПП жИЗбКЗбн ЗбЭЪб МгЪ:

 

· Some books are very boring.

 

۩ КхУКОПг some   ЪЗПЙр Эн ЗбМгб ЗбгЛИКЙ жКГКн Эн ЗбУДЗб Эн НЗбКн ЗбЪСЦ жЗбШбИ:

· There's some cake in the kitchen if you'd like it.

· Could you give me some information about nanotechnology?

· Would you like some coffee?

 

۩ КхУКОПг some   ИгЪдн НжЗбн/КЮСнИЗр about/approximately ЗРЗ МЗБ ИЪПеЗ ЪПП:

· The water is some twenty metres beneath the ground.

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг some of whom/some of which   Эн ЗбГгЛбЙ ЗбКЗбнЙ

 

· Many people died in the explosion, some of whom were children.

· She wrote many books, some of which were very successful.

 

۩ нгЯд ЗУКОПЗг some of   жИЪПеЗ ЦгЗЖС гЭЪжб us/them/you Гж ХЭЗК ЗбгбЯнЙ my/his/her/their Гж ГУгЗБ ЗФЗСЙ this/these:

· Some of us have never been abroad.

· Some of my friends are very good at English.

· Have some of this cake. It's very good.

 

۩ нгЯд ЗУКОПЗг some  ЯЦгнС ЭЗЪб жИЪПеЗ ЗбЭЪб гИЗФСЙ

· Some have never been abroad. = Some people have never been abroad.

۩ нгЯд ЗУКОПЗг some  бКПб Ъбн ФОХ гЗ Гж ФнБ гЗ Пжд Гд дНПП РбЯ ИПЮЙ

· There must be some way you can relieve the pain.

бЗ ИП жГд едЗЯ ШСнЮЙ гЗ нгЯдЯ ИеЗ КОЭнЭ ЗбГбг

· Some idiot has closed the door and we can't get out. жЗНП ГеИб

 

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг some…others  ИгЪдн ЗбИЪЦ...ЗбИЪЦ ЗбВОС

· Some people are more ambitious than others.                            

· Some people are rich but others are very poor.

 

۩ нгЯд Гд КГКн some  Эн деЗнЙ ЗбМгбЙ Гж ЗбУДЗб ИПжд ЗУг ИЪПеЗ – ЪдПгЗ нЯжд ЗбЗУг УИЮ РЯСе..

· Tomatoes were only 5 pounds a kilo, so I bought some.

· This cake is very tasty.Would you like some?

 

۩ бЗНЩ ЗбКЪИнСЗК жЗбКСЗЯнИ ЗбВКнЙ ЗбгУКОПг ЭнеЗ some:

Ё Some day / Someday нжгЗ гЗ (Эн ЗбгУКЮИб)

· Some day I'll be an engineer.

                                                                                                             

Ё To some extent Збн НП гЗ

· We all to some extent remember the good times and forget the bad.

 

Ё Sometime Эн жЮК гЗ (гЗЦн Гж гУКЮИб)

·We’ll take a vacation sometime in September.

·Our house was built sometime around 1900.

 

 

Ё Any                                                                                 

                                                        

۩ нхУКОПг ИЪП any   ЗУг гЭСП нхЪП

·Any child can solve this puzzle.

 

۩ нхУКОПг ИЪП any   ЗУг МгЪ Гж ЗУг бЗ нхЪП

·Are there any biscuits left?

·He hasn't got any money.

۩ нгЯд Гд КхУКОПг any   ЯЦгнС ИПжд ЗУг ИЪПеЗ-жнЯжд ЗбЗУг ЮП УИЮ РЯСе Эн ЗбМгбЙ

·I looked around for paper, but there wasn't any.

·His children needed new school clothes and he couldn't afford any.

 

۩ нгЯд Гд нхУКОПг ИЪПеЗ of   

·Have you read any of Hemingway's books?  

 

۩ нГКн ИЪПеЗ ГНнЗдЗ ЗбХЭЙ Эн ХнЫЙ ЗбгЮЗСдЙ

·Are you feeling any better today?         

۩ КхУКОПг ЪЗПЙ Эн ЗбУДЗб жЗбМгбЙ ЗбгдЭнЙ жгЪ IF

·Is there any coffee left?       

·There weren't any complaints.

·If I find any useful information, I'll send it to you.

·If you need any help, just let me know.

۩ нгЯд Гд нГКн ИЪП any OF ЦгЗЖС гЭЪжб Гж ХЭЙ гбЯнЙ Гж ЗУг ЗФЗСЙ Гж the

 

·It was the first time that any of us had been in a plane.  

·I don't know any of her friends.

·Do you want to read any of these books?

·You can choose any of the books on the table.

۩ КхУКОПг any гЪ ЯбгЗК жКЪИнСЗК гЪндЙ гЛб:

Ё not … any more бг нЪхП..

He does not play tennis anymore.

 

Ё in any case Ъбн Гн НЗб/гегЗ нЯд

Traffic may be bad, but in any case we’ll be there in time for dinner.

 

Ё in any event гегЗ нНПЛ

In any event, it seems likely that prices will continue to rise.

 

Ё Anyhow жгЪ РбЯ

There’s nothing to eat. Anyhow, I’m not really hungry.

 

Ё at any cost ИГн Лгд

We must prevent war at any cost

НПП ЗбОШГ Эн ЗбМгб ЗбВКнЙ гЪ ЗбКХНнН (КЫннС ЯбгЙ жЗНПЙ):

1- When the meet is cooked, I'll freeze any.                  ✗ ✗

2- The rescue men searched for survivors, but both were found. ✗ ✗

3- About all the students did not take the test.             ✗ ✗

4- It rained each single day of our vacation.                  ✗ ✗

5- Both of them was interested in going to university. ✗ ✗

 

Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

1. There are 3 rooms here, (half – every – each – some) with its own shower and WC.

2. I read (each – every – all – none) last article by this journalist.

3. These buildings (every – half – none – all) belong to the university.

4. Not all (what – which – that – where) glitters is gold.

5. Which of these two shirts fits you? –(Neither – Either – Each – All). They are both too tight.

6. She didn't see (some – none – any – every) of us. She was busy typing the report.

7. These books (each – every – either – neither) tell a different story about how the Pyramids were built.

8. Almost 3 in (either - every – each – neither) ten computers were found to be faulty.

9. Not (every – each – all – both) engineers have large incomes.

10. They sold 250 tickets in the first (half – all – every – each) hour.

11. I only (all – every – each – half) understood the instructions.

12. They had two serious problems, neither of (what – when – which – that) were solved.

13. Could (every – either – neither – no) of you lend me 5 pounds, please?

14. Has (every – all – half – either) of them called yet?

15. (Some - None – Every – Half) of us is able to escape the consequences of our actions.

16. (Neither – Both – All – Every) of these methods is perfect.

17. (Every – Each - All – Neither) children should be taught to swim.

18. He kept the other (half – one – some – any) of the cake for himself

19. The company has reduced the number of staff by (all – half – some – both).

20. Poems usually have three or more verses and in (all - every – either - both) verse, there are words that rhyme.

21. They may have (either - neither – all - both) no words that rhyme, or words that partly rhyme.

22. When she was a child, she was good at (both - all – each - every) writing and playing the piano.

23. She spent nearly (either – neither - every - all) her life at home.

24. She spent about (half - every – either - both) of her time writing poems.

25. She preferred to write long letters to (each – all – both - half) friend instead.

26. I don’t like (neither – every – nor -either) of the T-shirts.                                       

27. I need to be good at (either – neither – both - every) speaking and writing English to get the job.         

28. (Each – Every – All - Both) engineer in the factory was given a separate job to do.     

29. (All - Every – Either - Both) the students in my class speak English very well.                 

30. The cake was cut into six pieces, so three of us ate (both – every – half - neither) of it and we kept the other three pieces until later.

31. The teacher told the class that (every – all – half – neither) student had done very well that year.

32. I was offered tea or coffee, but I had (all – both – neither - either) of them because I don’t like hot drinks.

33. The tour guide gave (both – each – all - half) tourist a ticket to enter the museum.

34. My mother said I could have (either – neither – both - all) a cheese or a chicken sandwich.

35. I was very hungry, so I had (both – every – either - neither) the cheese and the chicken sandwich!

36. Two men wanted to marry her, but she accepted (all – every - either - neither) of their offers.

37. You can stay in (both – each - either - both) the three-star Sand Hotel or the two-star Blue Hotel.

38. (Both - Either – Neither - Every) hotels have a cafe for breakfast and (each - all – half – many) room has a fridge and TV.

39. (Neither - All – Both – Half) hotel has a restaurant, but there is a lovely restaurant next to the Sand Hotel.

40. (Every – Neither - All –Each) our staff members are trained to make sure that you have a perfect holiday.

41. We want (every - all – either – both) visitor to our hotels to leave with a smile on their face!

42. We looked at two hotels on the internet and (either – all – half - every) of them would be great for a holiday.

43. (Half – Either –Each - Every) of the five tourists from the north of Europe had blond hair.

44. Tarek loves tennis and watches (each – every – all - half) match on television.

45. There were two photos of me on my cousin's phone but I liked (either – all – each - neither) of them.

46. My sister bought two new skirts and (all – both – every - each) of them are long and green.

47. The film was very boring and (half - either – every - both) of the people left before the end.

48. Do you prefer coffee or tea? I like (all - neither – either – both) of them. I don't like hot drinks.

49. At a restaurant, would you rather have fish or meat? I like (all – both – every – they), but I usually have chicken.

50. Which member of your family is the best at speaking English? (Each – every – neither – either) of them speaks some English, but my mother is the best.

51. How many students in your class live near you? About (all – either – both – half) of them are from my village.

52. Which school subject do you think is most interesting? -(All – Either – Both – Every) subject is different. I don't think I have a favourite.

53. Do you prefer to have a holiday on a beach or in the countryside? I like (all – either – every – half), but it depends on the time of year.

54. Which of these apples would you prefer? ~ I don't want (all – either – both – half) of them, thanks.

55. You can have (all – half – both – either) the white shirt or the blue one, but you can't have both.

56. I've known you for two years, but I haven't met (all – either – every – half) of your two brothers yet.

57. I can't make the meeting on Tuesday. ~ No, (all – either – neither – half) can I.

58. Which of these fur coats is yours? ~ Neither (of them – either of them – both of them – every one of them). That one over there is mine.

59. I don't go mountain climbing and I don't go mountain walking, (all – either – neither – each).

60. (All – Neither – Both – Each) of them is coming. They both have to work next weekend.

61. (All – Either – Both – Neither) Sally nor Hala likes to eat English breakfasts, even at weekends.

62. (All – Either – Both – Half) Sue or the girls are going to prepare dinner tonight.

63. (All – Either – Every – Both) information about the new product is confidential.

64. The party went on (all – both – neither – half) night and some of the neighbours complained.

65. What shall we do with (every – each - all – either) of this cardboard? Throw it out?

66. This book was written for (each – every - all – both) children, everywhere

67. More than 100 people came to the refugee centre гСЯТ ЗббЗМЖнд. Almost (every - all – each – neither) had lost family members or property or both.

68. (All – Either – Both – Neither) that we had been told turned out to be untrue.

69. The kids (either – neither - all – half) go to school on the same bus.

70. Not (all – every – either – both) the buses go to the main bus station, so be careful which one you get.

71. At least (every - half – not – something) of those books can be sold.

72. It’s at least (half – either – both – neither)a kilometre to those shops.

73. It took them a day and a/an (every – either – both – half) to reach the top of the mountain.

74. They’re offering the flowers for almost (all - half – every – neither) price.

75.  (All - Every – Either - Both) the students in our class are from Cairo.

76. Ali wasn't at the meeting and (both – so - neither – either) was his assistant.

77. They have really good food at that restaurant and it's not very expensive (either – neither – all – both).

78. I don’t eat meat and my wife doesn’t (all – either – neither – half).

79. Dolphins use sound to communicate with (every – all – each – no) other.

80. The current economic crisis gives us (all – every – some – any) an opportunity to rethink our priorities.

Language Functions: Summarizing & Paraphrasing ЗбКбОнХ жЕЪЗПЙ ЗбХнЗЫЙ

What she’s trying to say is that…	гЗ КНЗжб Южбе еж Гд..
Can you paraphrase / summarise that?	еб нгЯдЯ ЕЪЗПЙ ХнЗЫЙ/КбОнХ РбЯї
I think I can summarise the (poem).	ГЪКЮП Гддн ГУКШнЪ КбОнХ ЗбЮХнПЙ..
I think that it means…	ГЪКЮ ГдеЗ КЪдн..
In other words…	жИгЪдн ВОЬЬС..

 

Test 1 on unit 4

A- Vocabulary and Structure

Choose the correct answer:

1- Almost (each - every – both – all) car pollutes the atmosphere.

2- (Half - Every – Both – All) day is a chance to learn something new.

3- We (half - every – either – all) hope you get better soon.

4- (Either – Both – All – Neither) Ali nor his wife mentioned anything about moving house.

5- Italy didn’t get to the quarter finals last year and France didn’t (neither - either – both – each).

6- Books and television are different. (Both – Half - Neither – Either) of them should replace the other.

7- I don’t want (either - every – neither – all) of my parents to know I’ve lost my job.

8- Both of her brothers (is - are – has been – was) living in Canada.

9- We rowed (shores – ashore – the shore – the shores), then explored the island on foot for the rest of the day.

10- The new bridge has been finished two years (ahead – aboard – along – abroad) of schedule.

11- She spent a lot of time (travelled – to travel – travels – travelling) around the country.

12- Mike found a (challenging – arranging – exchanging – revenging) job as a computer programmer.

13- Her poems broke the rules. This means that they didn't (make – follow – see – understand) the usual rules.

14- She said she would help me, but she (took – kept - broke – followed) her promise to me.

15-  The druggist suggested a medicine to relieve the (cake – brake – fake – ache).

16- The (base – case – ease – release) with which she learns languages is astonishing.

 

B- Reading Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Television has been changing the way people live for thirty years. It influences nearly every aspect of modern life. Whereas television could be used as an educational tool for children, programs with little or no educational value are shown more often.

Experts are concerned about the view of the world that youngsters are learning from television. Parents, schools, and religious institutions have traditionally been the social models and teachers for children. However, because television influences children’s attitudes and behavior, its role in society is becoming increasingly more powerful – it is much more than a simple recreational activity. The medium has changed childhood more than any other social innovation in the history of the world.

Exposure to excessive violence is another influence of television. According to several studies, televised violence may cause children to become more aggressive. Also, because so much violence is seen by children on television, they become more used to it as the only solution to difficult situations. Children who watch a great deal of violence on television may become apathetic toward actual aggression. One study has shown that, compared to a control group, fifth-graders who watched an aggressive television broadcast were slower to ask for adult help when a fight broke out among younger children. This decreased sensitivity to human suffering is frightening.

Clever advertising aimed at children certainly influences them. Exposing children to so much advertising of sugar-rich products on television puts their dental health at risk and has a negative influence on proper nutrition. Almost all the products that television sells to kids are products that people who care about kids feel shouldn’t be consumed in the first place. Very young children don’t even distinguish between commercials and programs. Is it fair to show advertising to young children?

Choose the correct answer:

1-Televised violence causes children to become ---------------.

a) kinder         b) more caring         c) more aggressive  d) healthier

 

2-Products advertised on TV have a/an ------------------- effect on children's health.

a) useful              b) harmful      c) unknown             d) positive

 

3-Social models for children in the past included:

a) radio programmes b) video games c) internet websites d) parents

 

4-We can understand from the passage that the writer is against:

a) proper nutrition                          b) advertising food products to children

c) traditional social models            d) difficult situations

 

Answer the following questions:

5-What do you think parents should do to reduce their children's exposure to too much violence on TV?

6-How does violence on TV affect children's behaviour in difficult situations?

7-What does the underlined word 'it' refer to?

8-Find words in the passage which mean:

a) unwilling to take action over a matter of importance

b) relating to the teeth

C- Writing

Write an essay of about 180 words about:

"How to solve the problem of food shortage"

Translation

  A) Translate into Arabic:

1- Cutting down forests and trees, over-cultivation of the soil and over-grazing can all contribute to desertification.

2- Many of us are very worried about the future of our planet and unless we can find a way of solving the problems we have made then the environment will suffer even more.

B) Translate into English: