Ponds, which were scattered all over Hittite territory, were given a monumental

architectural käme. This was the case of the richly decorated facade in Eflatun Prnar,

778 Müller-Karpe 2003: 389; Seeher 2006a: 136ff„ 142; 2006b.

Hawkins 1995. Chamber 2 of this complex was interpreted by Hawkins (1990: 314) as a passage

to the netherworld, D KASKAL.KUE ‘divine earth-road’ (see 3.2.10), maybe the tomb destined

For Suppiluliuma II, cf. Watkins 1995: 288; Archi 2007b: 187.

780 Cf. Güterbock 1967: 81; Xmparati 1977: 63; Silvestri 1983; Neve 1992a: 323f.: 1992b: 33; van

Den Hout 1994a: 49ff.; Popko 1996a: 141; Taracha 2000: 198; van den Hont 2002: 78; Archi

A.

781 Bo 86/299 (Bronze Tabiet) i 91-ii 3, ii 64ff., Otten 1988: 14£, 42ff.; Houwink ten Gate 1992b:

244ff.; van den Hout 1994a: 50; 2002: 76£. with n. 22, and 89f.

782 Güterbock 1967: 81; Popko 1995a: 141.

Sec, o.g., van den Hout 1994a: 51f.

784 M. Süel 2005; A. Süel ~ M. Süel 2006; Yildmm - Gates 2007: 296: M. Süel 2008a: 28£f.

785 M. Süel 2008c: 48f£; 2008b.

Ldö

Already mentioned above. Tuthaliya IV was especially active in this Geld. At Yal-

Burt near Ilgm, 60 km northeast oi Eflatun Pinar, Tuthaliya’s inscription cover-

ed three sides of a wall of huge stone blocke bullt around a sacred pond. ‘ 88 A sfcela

Fragment naming I uthaiiya (IV) in Hieroglyphic Luwian was also found in a spring

sanctuary at Gölpinar near Alacahöyük.'Texts confirm the existence of similar

Sanctuaries with sacred ponds featuring a rieh architectural finishing already in the

Early Empire period. There is a Middle Hittite text describing sanctuaries by a spring

Dedicated to tue Sun-goddess and the Storm-god. The cult of springs has a tradi-

Tion reaching back into Old Hittite times (see 3.1.3).

Of the more important cult centers in the provinces a few gained holy Status

Owing to the prominent Position of the local deities in the state pantheon and the

Deputation of their temples. Local priests were exempted from duties for the palace,

And the surrounding towns formed by force of royal decrees a kind of amphictyony

Charged with providing suppiies for the festivals celebrated there. The royal admin-

Istration took care of part of these suppiies. Temples also had their own land estates

With numerous workers, including war captives, deportees and settlers offered to

The god by the king. Arinna, Ziplanda and Nerik were the holy towns of the gods

Through the history of the Hittite state. It was in the reign of Tuthaliya IV that

Nerik ultimately recovered its due Position after the Kaskean occupation. Under the

Empire, the city to benefit from such Status, beside Hattusa, was Kummani in Kiz-

Zuwatna, and later also Tarfeuntassa, which was Muwattalli ITs Capital and them,

Under Tuthaliya IV, the Capital of an appanage kingdom ruled by Kurunta.

Texts give an idea of the maintenance costs borne by the state and the royal

Treasury with regard to cult practices. 781 In the reign of Tuthaliya IV, a total of 775 in-

Dividuals were employed in the Service of 26 gods from Karahna, “of whom nine

Temizer 1984; 1988: XVff., XXVff.; Ehringhaus 2005: 37ff.

788 Poefcto 1993; Hawkins 1995: 66ff. (with Poetto's comments, 1998: 112R); Kara.su- Poetto -- Savas

2000.

789 Qmaroglu - (>Iik 2006; Yildinm - Gates 2007: 297.

KBo 21,22 rev. 36ff. (study by Kellerman 1978); cf. Haas - Wegner 2001: 1221.; Lehnm 2004:

80.

On the economy of cult, suppiies for temples and their domestic baekground, see Klengel 1975;

Now also Gilan 2007a with referenees.

KUB 38.12 iv 16’, Darga 1973; del Monte - Tischler 1978; 177ff.; Pecchioli Daddi 1982: 21Off.;

Taggar-Cohen 2006a: 21 ff.

136

3. Hittite Anatölia

793

With e temple, 17 with a Autpasil-sanetuary?).’’ “ In the more important cexiters

Like Ziplanda, Samuha, Katapa and Tarhuntassa, not to say Hattusa itself, the

Number of people connected with temple Service wotild have been much bigger -

Reaching surely a few thousand. Added to this were the supplies required of local

Palace administrators, the elders of nearby towns and the central administration.

Tuthaliya IV anmially supplied the gods of Tarhuntassa with 200 oxen and 1000

Sheep. An equally numerous herd (50 oxen and 1000 sheep) was driven from An-

Kuwa for the great festival of Telipinu, celebrated every nine years in the towns of

Hanhana and Kasha, for which a local governor was responsible.' 94 In the times of