And Hurri (Tilla in the eastern tradition); 661 in the west he also had two Syrian

662

mountains, Hazzi (Cassius Mons, modern Jebel al-’Aqra?) " and Na(m)ni (Anti-Cas-

Sius?), attributed to him. 66,1 His twin brother Tasmisu, whom the Hittites cailed

Feliu 2003: 300.

Wilhelm 1989: 49; Haas 1994a: 330; Popko 1995a: 96. Schwemer (2001: 445f.) argues that Tessub

Headed the Hurrian pantheon already in the third millennium BC. However, the inseription of

Tisadal from Urkes / Teil Mozan from a later phase of the Ur III period (Wilhelm 1998) does not

Put Tessub in the Position of the supreme god of the local pantheon. For a new diseussion, see

Giorgieri 2005: 83£f.; cf. also 2.1 with n. 146 and 3.1.1 with n. 238.

Wilhelm 1994b.

661 CT.H 345, Tablet 2, § 39 (B iii 15’ff), Güterbock 1952: 16; cf. also Haas lS94b; 86; Hoffner 1998;

F. For Seri and Hurri, see Haas 1972-1975a; 1994a: 471f.; Singer 1996; 183f: Schwemer 2001:

Ff. For Tilla: Haas 1981a; Schwemer 2001: 483f.

For Mt. Cassius, see now Porfcnoff 2006.

Bordreuil 1989; Dijkstra 1991: 133ff.; Popko 1998: 123f,; Wilhelm 1998 —2001a. According to

Schwemer (2001: 228), the Nanni Mountain shoukl be looked for mach further out to the east.

Yet, this is coniradicted by the mention of this mountain in the Deeds of Suppiluliuma in the

Context of a Syrian campaign of Tuthaliya III.

Suwaliyat, was his faithful companion. 66 ^ Tasmisu’s spouse Nabarhi was venerated

in Taide on the Upper Khabur. 66 °

The Hurrians of northern Syria identified Tessub with the Semitic Storm-god

Hadda/Addu. In the Hurrianized Centers of Syria and Kizzuwatna the local storm-

Gods were venerated under the name of Tessub. The most important of the Syrian

Storm-gods was the Storm-god of Halab, whose cult had supra-regional signifieanee

Already in the third millennium BC, Lncluding Ebla and Mari on the mid-Euphra-

Tes. v The importance of Addu of Halab grew in the Old Babylonian period when

Aleppo was the royal residence of the powerful kingdom of Yamhad. He was at the

top of the pantheon of Yamhad, the king of Yamhad was the ‘beloved of Addu’ and

the land of Yamhad itself was cailed simply the ‘Land of Addu.’ 667 Hurrian or Hur

Rianized ruling famiiies from other centers of Syria and southeastern Anatolia re-

Ferred to the royal ideology of the Yamhad kings. As a consequence, the Storm-god

Of Halab, already in elevated Position in many local pantheons, 668 appeared in the

Hurrian garb of Tessub as the chief god in dynastic cults. It was then that Hebat,

Ancient goddess of Halab, whose cult is attested already in texts from Ebla of the

• - * * 669 v

third millennium BC, " became Tessub’s spouse, while Sauska, his old partner from

Eastern Hurrian pantheons, appears in the myths as his sister. Tessub, Hebat and

Sauska formed the chief triad in the beliefs of the western Hurrians. Nonetheless,

The change was not universal in all of the Syrian towns. In the Hurrian cults of Uga-

Rit, as in the state pantheon of Mittani, Sauska remained the supreme goddess and

Tessub’s partner. 61 She also maintained her prominent position in Alalah, even

664 Güterbock 1961a.

665 The cult of Nabarbi (‘(She) of Na war 5), referred to in the oldest texts as Lady of Nawar/Nagar,

Is attested already for the Ur III period, Guichard.1996 with references. Gf, also Haas 1998 -

A.

Schwemer 2007b: 162ff.

Schwemer 2007b: 163. See also above, 3.1.1 with n, 238.

Cf., e.g., the pantheon of Hassuwa, attested in the annals of Hattusili I, KBo 10.1 obv. 37ff,: the

Storm-god of Armaruk (=? Ammarik, Jebel Seman west of Aleppo, Archi 1998b: 40f.), the Storm-

God of Halab, Allatum, Mount Adalur, Lihiri, two silver buils (of the Storm-god?) and 13 stafcuett.es

(of other deities) of goid and silver. Hebat is also mentioned, referred to as the daughter of

Allatum (KBo 10.1 obv. ]43f.). See now Devecchi 2005: 46ff.; cf. also de Martino 2003: 54ff. with

References; Beckman 2006: 221.

Archi 1994: 25lf.; Pomponio - Xella 1997: 189ff.; Schwemer 2001: 1151.

See, e.g., Haas 1994a: 543: Schwemer 2001: 461. These pantheons were apparently not infhienced

By the royal ideology of Yamhad.

The Emmre Peeiod

Hittitb Anatolia

Though the pantheon there was headed by the Storm-god, Sun and Ishara (see

Below).

Once the new dynasty originating from Kizzuwatna took power in Hattula, the