Importance the local deities with the Queen of Katapa in the fore. The Storm-god of

(nearby?) Sahpina, who remained high-ranking at the time among the gods of Ka

tapa, J ' ' was most likely another manifestation of Tessub. He was worshiped at

Sahpina together with Sauska. 607 A certain text mentions the supreme state triad

(Sun-goddess, Storm-god, 1 LAMMA), and beside it the gods of Katapa: War-god,° 08

Sun-goddess of the Earth, and Eagle (D TI g M[JSLN).' j0J Thus, Luwian deities are seen

To have niade their way into the local pantheon. 510

v

The Storm-god worshiped at Samuha, the most important center of the Upper

Land where Muwattalli II is presumed to have resided in the beginning of his reign

betöre moving the Capital, from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa, " was another hypostasis

Popko 2001b.

KUB 6.45 i 46, Singer 1996: 10, 33.

507 KU ß 15.1 iii 36 5 ff. s de Boos 2007: 95, 103; cf. Haas 1.994a: 50.1. See also KBo 47.127, 3 ’, 8 ’.

The logogram ZABABA may conceal here the Luwian god of war and plague, Iyarri (3.2.4), seeing

That the War-god appears repeatedly in KBo 47.76 among the gods from other localities together

with the Luwian Santa (ß AMAR.UD) and the Sun-goddess of the Earth (see below).

509 KBo 47.76:rev. ß ’ f. This text places Katapa northeast of Hattusa, in the Zuliya/Qekerek basin,

See also below. For earlier suggested locations of Katapa, see now Karasu 2007: 377f.

510 Cf. KUB 11,27 i 6’f. (the cult of Ankuwa): D Ü AN E suppis TIg Mü ^ EN [&4 (SA)]G.OU “fche Storm-

god of Heaven (and) holy eagle [of the perjson (of the king).” According to Arehi (2006: 158

n. 46), “the eagle was connected to the Storm-god (Tessub), as it was connected to Zeus in the

Greek world ” The connection between the gods and holy eagles in the Luwian tradition of Taurisa

(see below) and, as we see now, of other centers in the Zuliya basin finds corroboration in KBo

12.89 iii ll’ff,; “{The Great] Sun-god made a feast and [invjited the great [gods, he invited] the

Lesser gods, he invited holy eagles.” See Starke 1985: 243; Haas 1994a: 303.

For the cult of Samuha, see Lebrun 1976. The loeation of Samuha in Kayalipmar was put forward

by Müller-Karpe 2000b. See also Wilhelm 2002b; and now Barjamovic 2005: 148ff. The first

Season of excavations at Kayalipmar in 2005 confirmed the existence of an important Hittite

Center with roots going back fco the Assyrian Colony period, but provided no evidence for the

Identification of the sifce with Samuha, Cf, Müller-Karpe 2006.

Taracha 2007a:?57f.

I

J

-I-

99

The Empire Period

Of Tessub with the epithet pihassassi, whom Muwattalli conceived as his personal

God (3.2.2). Tessub/Tarhunt pihassassi, worshiped at Samuha with a local form of

Hebat, later became the chief god of the new Capital. This fact was expressed in the

Luwian name of the town - Tarhuntassa ‘(city) of Tarhunt’ Muwattalli was not the

First ruler presumably to introduce changes in the pantheon of Saraufea. The wor

Ship of the chief couple of the state cult, that is, the Storm-god and the Sun-goddess

Of Ariima / Hebat, referred to as Queen of Heaven, and also Tessub and Hebat of

Halab and Sauska, 513 goes back at least to the reign of Tutljaüya III, who made

Samuha his Capital under dramatic circumstances when the Kaskeans burned Hat

Tusa. He also introduced cults of other Human deities originating from Kizzuwatna,

like the Goddess of the Night, for example, to be identified with the JÄTAR/Sauska-

Type Pirengir, probably our Venus o:r morning star. 4 Deriving from an ancient

Religious tradition of Samuha was a goddess of the name Abara, who was listed in

State treaties among the most important Hittite goddesses (see 3.2.1).

The cult of the Storm-god (frequently in the Hurrian garb of Tessub) and the Sun-

Goddess of Arinna, chief deities in the state pantheon, was eelebrated in many towns

In ehe native Hittite territory, especially in the centers that figured prominently

In the state cult. Exemplifying this is Tessub of Durmitta, 015 whose worship is con

Firmed by his kaluti-Ust: Storm-god of Durmitta, Suwaliyat, Kumarbi (D NISABA),

Ea, Moon-god, Sun-god of Heaven, Sun-goddess of Arinna, rivers and mountains.“ 16