Retell the text “Acute Appendicitis”.

Поставьте глагол в нужную форму.

Acute appendicitis is (to know) to occur in all age groups.

It (to begin) suddenly.

The pain (to become) generalized in the abdomen.

Acute appendicitis (to accompany) by nausea.

The temperature (to be) normal.

The attack usually (to last) 3-4 days.

A moderate tenderness is (to feel) in the right lower part of the abdomen.

Text 2

Read and translate the text “Pain Management”.

How to kill the pain? Medication alone may not enough to manage certain kinds of pain. Some medicines are more effective in fighting pain when they are combined with other methods of treatment. In some cases, the patients pain condition may respond to treatment instead of medication. In fact, for some patients, certain therapies may eventually replace the need for taking any pain medicine, or less of it, over time. Studied and practiced as super specialized branch of medicine across the world today, pain management offers relief and hope to patients assailed by severe pain, including that due to cancer, rated among the most painful. Also being targeted are severe backaches or cervical problems, killer migraines, nerve pains, pain in feet and calves due to diabetes, dental pains, pain after strokes or phantom limb pains.

Though universally suffered, the perception pain differs from person to person. While some people smile through the most severe attacks of abdominals colic or multiple fractures, a cut on the finger or a mild headache can be unbearable for others. Keeping in mind the subjective differences, pain clinics use detailed assessment forms. These help gauge individual pain tolerance levels, the psychological make-up of a person, gender, circumstance, the origin of pain, its duration and evolution.

In the West, where pain management has been a super specialty for a couple of decades now, a pain team ideally consists of a physician, an anesthetist, an anesthetist nurse, a neurosurgeon, a psychologist and a physiotherapist who work round the clock. But in India, pain teams rely mainly on the skills of anesthetists and neurosurgeons. It was the epidural injections that initially revolutionized pain management.

Here are a some new and modern available alleviating techniques:                                                                                 Radiofrequency ablation (After a radiography pin points the site of pain. A fine needle is inserted into the nerve. When radio frequency waves of particular potency are passed through the nerve gets damaged).                             

Nerve blocks (Pain pathways are temporarily numbed either through chemicals: alcohol or other drugs). Electrical impulses or ultrasonic waves).                                                  Skin patches (Patches enable analgesics to enter the bloodstream directly).                                                                    Pumps (Sophisticated catheters are inserted through needles to place them on peripheral nerves).

 Suppositories (Pain-relieving drugs are given in the form of rectum suppositories).

Epidurals (Long-lasting epidurals are injected into pain receptors in the spinal cord).

Biofeedback (Physiological changes are viewed on the monitor to help the patient gain voluntary control).

Aiding the psychological assessment are new, physical strategies, including  skin patches that use painkillers can attached on thighs, arms, chest or abdominal area.

While invasive techniques have higher success rates. But they work only with the active participation of the patient.

SayitinEnglish:

Лечение, боль, множественный перелом, нейрохирург, физиотерапевт, электрический импульс, периферические нервы, физиологические изменения, фантомная боль.

Feel in the gaps using the words: perception of pain, treatment, a neurosurgeon.

Opiates decrease the ______________ by two general mechanisms.

A study compared three approaches to the __________ of pharyngitis.

Besides, regular observation by ___________ and a neurologist is recommended.

Speaking