Fillinthegap / Заполните пропуски используя слова в рамке

loss        tuberculosis      sputum

 

Common symptoms of active lung …………… are cough with ………… and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight ………...., fever and night sweats.

Level B

Vocabulary

pulmonary – легочный affect – поражать (болезнью); производить действие, воздействовать causativeagent – возбудитель stage – стадия, ступень malaise – недомогание fatigue – усталость, утомление loss – потеря, утрата sputum - мокрота pus – гной involve – поражать, вовлекать (в патологический процесс)

profuse – обильный, чрезмерный permanent – постоянный, неизменный benign – доброкачественный, излечимый; неопасный elevation – повышение; поднятие perspiration – потение, потоотделение; пот; испарина evidence – очевидность; основание; доказательство; показание; признак(и) night sweats – ночной пот weight loss – потеря веса bacterium (pl.bacteria) – бактерия to infect - инфицировать

Reading

Read the text “Blood” and do the exercises after it.

 

Pulmonary Tuberculosis - Clinical Picture

Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which produces characteristic tuberculosis changes in the lungs. This disease may also affect other organs: bones, joints, lymphatic glands, kidneys, etc. The causative agent of tuberculosis was discovered by Koch in 1882.

In the early stage of tuberculosis the patient usually complains of a general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and body weight. Cough may be dry or productive, i. e. with sputum discharge. Coughing becomes worse at night and in the morning. Coughing is accompanied by a considerable discharge of sputum.

Sputum is mucopurulent. Its microscopic examination reveals a large number of pus corpuscles, erythrocytes, and tuberculosis organisms. Blood in the sputum is sometimes the first sign of tuberculosis. If large blood vessels are involved, the discharge of blood may become profuse.

Fever is one of the permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. In benign processes the body temperature is often subfebrile. In active forms it may range from 38 to 39°C.

A considerable elevation of temperature is observed in pneumonic forms, when fever persists at a level of 38°C and higher for several months.

Cold profuse perspiration at night is sometimes evidence of a severe form of tuberculosis. Loss of body weight is one of the typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is caused by tuberculosis intoxication, a sharp increase in the metabolic rate and of appetite. Loss of body weight is particularly marked in the disease progression.

When a person develops active tuberculosis (disease), the symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss etc.) may be mild for many months. It can lead to delays in seeking care, and results in transmission of the bacteria to others. People who are ill with tuberculosis can infect up to 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without the proper treatment up to two thirds of these people die.

Say it in English:

туберкулёзная палочка эта болезнь может поражать другие органы лимфатические железы возбудитель был открыт ранняя стадия общее недомогание потеря аппетита

потеря веса выделение мокроты первый признак туберкулёза постоянный симптом излечимый процесс значительное повышение холодное обильное потоотделение сложная форма скорость обмена веществ резкое увеличение

 

In pairs, discuss the following questions:

1) What is this text about?

2) What is the cause of pulmonary tuberculosis?

3) What symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis do you know?

4) What organs can be affected by this disease?

5) Who discovered the causative agent of tuberculosis?

6) When does coughing become worse?

7) What do you know about sputum?

8) What do you know about temperature in TB?

9) Is loss of body weight particularly marked in the disease progression?  

10) Is sputum mucopurulent or not?

Speaking