Read the text and do the exercises after it

A drug class is a group of medications that may work in the same way, have a similar chemical structure, or are used to treat the same health condition. A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Drugs are classified according to their effect on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics. A class of drugs is a group of drugs that have similar characteristics; they may cure the same diseases, have similar chemical structures or work in the same way. Example: morphine can be classified as a central nervous system depressant and a narcotic or opioid analgesic. The names of therapeutic classifications usually reflect the condition for which the drugs are used (e.g., antidepressants, antihypertensives). Sometimes, the names of many drug groups reflect their chemical characteristics rather than their therapeutic uses (e.g., adrenergics, benzodiazepines). Many drugs fit into multiple groups because they have wide-ranging effects on the human body.

There are several cases where a drug can have multiple classes, either by indication, mechanism of action, or route of administration. Additionally, drugs can also be classified in 3 different ways: – By body system – By the action of the agents – By the drug’s mechanism of action

It is important to keep in mind that the effects produced by any drug can vary significantly and is largely dependent on the dose and way that it is administered. Concurrent use of other drugs can enhance or block an effect and substance abusers often take more than one drug to boost the desired effects or counter unwanted side effects. This means that the risks involved with drug abuse cannot be accurately predicted because each user has his or her-own unique sensitivity to a drug.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is a drug class?

2. How many classes of drugs are there?

3. Do all controlled substances have common traits?

4. Do controlled substances produce dependence?

5. What is drug abuse?

6. What is drug dependence?

Odd one out

1. sedative, expectorant, antipyretic, to dispense drugs, antispasmodic.

2. chemist’s shop, pharmacist, adult prescription, suppository.

3. ointment, drops, safe dose, suppository, pill, powder.

4. indications, contraindications, use in pregnancy and lactation, to increase a dose.

5. pharmacological properties, treatment of over dosage, side effects, to administer a drug orally.

Speaking

Make up the dialogues using the following words and word combinations:

a)  to have a bad headache; to have a sore throat; to look seedy (неважно); to resolve(decide); after milk; to call the doctor; powders.

b) to order the tincture; mixture; without a prescription; before use; twice a day; to shake the mixture.

c) to have a prescription; in a couple of hours; nasal drops; syringes; dropping bottle; to be in great demand.

d) to be effective; at once; to abolish pain; precautions; data sheet; something for a headache.

Complete the sentences, using the word combinations given below:

It’s important...

It’s dangerous...

It’s necessary...

To use some medicine prescribed for your friend; not to keep the medicine in a cool place; to tell the doctor about your mistake; to read the prescription carefully; to substitute one drug for another; to keep the medicine in a locked box.

Тема 7.3.MedicinalPlants / Лекарственныерастения

Level A

We learn the new words / Мыучимновыеслова

plant - растение	root – корень
leaf – лист; leaves - листья	photosynthesis - фотосинтез
seed - семя	source – источник
stem - стебель	grow (grew, grown) – выращивать, расти
flower - цветок	purpose – цель
growth - рост	support - поддерживать

 

We read / Мычитаем