In pairs, discuss the questions

What kinds of hepatitis do you know?

What is non-viral hepatitis?

How many types of non-viral hepatitis do you know?

How many strains of viral hepatitis do you know?

What is the cause of viral hepatitis?

All forms of viral hepatitis are serious diseases, aren’t they?

Can B and C hepatitis viruses be transmitted through causal contact with an infected person or transmitted via the blood, sexual contact and the sharing of personal items with an infected person?

What are the symptoms of hepatitis?

What risk factors increase a person’ chances for contracting Hepatitis C?

Botkin's Disease

    Botkin's disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.

    The prominent German scientist Virchow believing it to be due to obstruction of the common bile duct with mucus during inflammatory processes in the duodenum, the disease was called catarrhal jaundice.

    But in 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the involvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlargement of the spleen, etc.

    But it was not before 1940 that the term "Botkin's disease" was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known Soviet physician M. Konchalovsky.

    Botkin's disease occurs in epidemic form. This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.

    Botkin's disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver and found in stool and urine. The virus is infective only for man. As this virus cannot be seen under a usual microscope, it is revealed only by an electronic one. Being highly virulent virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.

SayitinEnglish

1. закупорка общего желчного протока; 2. благодаря усилиям; 3. а также пожилые люди; 4. клетки печени; 5. выживает в воде и пище; 6. увеличение селезенки; 7. острое вирусное заболевание; 8. воспалитель­ный процесс

Quiz

    A 40-year-old man presents to accident and emergency having returned from a holiday to India a week ago. He has subsequently been unwell with nausea and

reduced appetite. Over the past 2 days he has become jaundiced. On examination,

he is apyrexial and there is a palpable liver edge. Liver function tests reveal a raised

    ALT, AST and bilirubin. A diagnosis of hepatitis A is suspected. What is the most appropriate treatment?

A. Intravenous hydrocortisone

B. Pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin

C. Conservative management

D. Acyclovir

E. Chloroquine

 

    Intravenous hydrocortisone (A) is not a treatment for hepatitis A. Pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin (B) is a treatment for hepatitis C. Treatment of hepatitis A infection is with conservative management (C), using supportive measures where required. Hepatitis A usually has a selflimiting course and the majority of patients make a full recovery. A small minority of patients may develop fulminant hepatitis.Acyclovir (D) is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug, but it is not used in the treatment of hepatitis A. Chloroquine (E) is an anti-malarial.

Тема 6.7.Детскиеболезни. Корь / Measles

LevelA

Sneezing –чихание

Coughing- кашель

Sign – признак, знак

Running nose – насморк

dislike – неприязнь

cover- покрывать

prevent - предотвращать

Spread – распространение

Hygiene – гигиена

Moist – влажный

Weread / Мы читаем

Measles

Measles is a very infectious disease. The disease passes from one child to another. The first symptoms are: sneezing and coughing. The disease begins with sign s of a heavy cold, running nose and a dry cough. The temperature is high and the child has a dislike of the light. The rash appears on the third or fourth day behind the ears and around the mouth and then cover s the body. The nurse must be very careful to prevent the spread of infection. The nurse must take care of the hygiene of the mouth. The patient’s mouth and lips must be clean and moist.