Раздел 6. Diseases and Diagnostics. The Past Continuous Tense/Заболеванияидиагностика. Прошедшеепродолженноевремя

Тема 6.1.IllnessesoftheRespiratorySystem. Bronchitis. Pneumonia/ Заболевания респираторной системы. Бронхит. Пневмония

LevelA

Welearnthenewwords / Мыучимновыеслова

1. bronchitis [brɑŋˈkaɪtɪs] n - бронхит;

2. severe [sɪˈvɪə] a - тяжелый, серьезный; mild - легкий (о течении болезни); severity – тяжесть (заболевания)

3. to spread [spred] v - распространяться;

4. air passages[ pæsɪdʒiz] -зд. дыхательныепути;

5. tointerfere [ɪntəˈfɪə] v - мешать, служить помехой;

6. frequently [friːkwəntli] adv - часто;

7.  to persist [pəˈsɪst] - упорствовать.

8. acute [əˈkjuːt] - острый, сильный;

9. inflammation [ɪnfləmeɪʃn] - воспаление;

10. to confirm [kənˈfəːm] - подтверждать;

11. malnourished [mælnʌrɪʃt] - плохопитающийся.

We read / Мычитаем

Text 1

Bronchitis may be mild or severe. It simply means that the cold has spread to the air passages. There may or may not be fever, but the cough may be severe and it may interfere with meals and sleep. If there is fever and the person coughs frequently, he must consult a doctor. Even without fever, if the cough persists, a doctor should be consulted. Aspirin may be given to bring down the fever.

Say it in English / Скажитеэтопо - английски:

Может быть слабый или тяжелый, дыхательные пути, возможна лихорадка (жар), мешать сну, человек часто кашляет, следует проконсультироваться с врачом, снизить жар.

What are the symptoms of bronchitis? / Назовитесимптомыбронхитапо - английски.

Text 2

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung. It may be caused by bacteria or viruses. It may follow a cold and bronchitis, or may come on suddenly. It may also be a complication of measles or whooping cough. The child looks ill, has fever, cough, and very rapid breathing. He may also complain of pain in the chest. A doctor should be consulted, and depending on the severity of the child may be treated at home or admitted to a hospital. If his breathing is very rapid, he may need oxygen. Most pneumonias can be treated with antibiotics. Pneumonia can be dangerous in a malnourished child, or in very young children, especially if it is due to an organism called staphylococcus. Viral pneumonia cures gradually. The child should be kept in bed, given plenty of water and a highly nourishing diet.

SayitinEnglish / Скажите это по-английски:

Острое воспаление, возникает неожиданно, ребенок выглядит больным, учащенное дыхание, боль в груди, может быть опасным, плохо питающийся ребенок.

Whatarethesymptomsofpneumonia? / Назовите симптомы воспаления легких по-английски.

Level B

Vocabulary

mucus - мокрота	depend on – зависеть от
сhill - озноб	shortness of breath - одышка
wheezing – свистящее дыхание preventing - профилактика	preventive measures – превентивные меры
inhale - вдыхать	breathe - дышать

Reading

Text 1

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.

Most cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days. But your cough can last for several weeks after the infection is gone.

The same viruses that cause colds and the flu often cause acute bronchitis. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or though physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Being exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Less often, bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis.

To diagnose acute bronchitis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and listen to your breathing. You may also have other tests.

Treatments include rest, fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever. A humidifier or steam can also help. You may need inhaled medicine to open your airways if you are wheezing. Antibiotics won't help if the cause is viral. You may get antibiotics if the cause is bacterial.

Text 2

Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Many germs, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. You can also get pneumonia by inhaling a liquid or chemical. People most at risk are older than 65 or younger than 2 years of age, or already have health problems.

Symptoms of pneumonia vary from mild to severe. See your doctor promptly if you

· Have a high fever

· Have shaking chills

· Have a cough with phlegm that doesn't improve or gets worse

· Develop shortness of breath with normal daily activities

· Have chest pain when you breathe or cough

· Feel suddenly worse after a cold or the flu

Your doctor will use your medical history, a physical exam, and lab tests to diagnose pneumonia. Treatment depends on what kind you have. If bacteria are the cause, antibiotics should help. If you have viral pneumonia, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat it.

Preventing pneumonia is always better than treating it. Vaccines are available to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia and the flu. Other preventive measures include washing your hands frequently and not smoking.

Writing