Medical education in great Britain

In Great Britain physicians are trained in medical schools or faculties of Universities.

To enter a medical school in Great Britain candidates must pass entrance examinations in oral form. Tuition fees are charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants.

The academic year is divided into 3 terms each of 10-11 weeks duration. Two pre-clinical years are occupied by human anatomy, biology, biochemistry and other subjects. Students attend lectures, do dissection and practical work in labs. Beginning with the third year, students study the methods of clinical examinations and history–taking, they have practical training in teaching hospitals. Besides the work in the wards the students attend lectures and study clinical subjects. After passing the finals students are given the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.) or Bachelor of Surgery (B.S.). Besides these degrees there is the degree of Doctor of Medicine (D.M.). This degree is a post graduate qualification obtained by a thesis.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты к словам и выражениям (Find in the text equivalents).

Терапевты, факультет, семестр, посещают лекции; учебный год, оплачиваются, длительность, лаборатория, проходят практику, клинические предметы, начиная с 3-его курса, после сдачи государственных экзаменов, диссертация.

Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions).

1. Where are doctors trained in G.B.?

2. What examinations is it necessary to pass?

3. Is education in G.B. charged?

4. How many terms has the academic year?

5. What subjects do the students study?

6. What degrees are given to students in G.B. after passing the finals?

2.5. Медицинское образование в России (Medical Education in Russia)

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text).

MEDICAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

All establishments of higher medical education are financed and guided by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Doctors of different specialties are trained at medical institutions of higher education, at medical universities and academies. There are also pharmaceutical academies, which train specialists in pharmacy.

Medical institutions of higher education offer various faculties and specialties which an entrant may choose according to his or her abilities and wishes. Nowadays a new examination system is being introduced. The so-called «The General State Exam» allows pupils to enter any institution of higher education according to its results.

Medical colleges train paramedical personnel: nurses, midwives, dental technicians and doctor’s assistants. The course of studies is 3-4 years.

The training at medical institutions of higher education takes 5 or 6 years. It consists of lectures, practical classes and medical practice. The attendance of lectures, practical classes and seminars4 is compulsory. Academic year begins on September the 1st and is divided into two semesters of four months each. At the end of each semester the students have to pass examinations and tests. If a student passes the exams well he gets a grant paid monthly. paramedical personnel. For the first two years, students study pre-clinical subjects such as: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences, Latin and so on. They also study Human Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, and Microbiology. Clinical subjects are taught from the third to the fifth or sixth year.

The students have practical course at therapeutic, surgical and other departments in hospitals and clinics. They master practical skills in clinical conditions. They are taught how to take and record the patient’s case history, to carry on medical examination of the patient, to make diagnosis, to prescribe treatment and carry on different medical procedures. There are all facilities for talented students to carry on research work. They attend scientific societies at different departments where they are offered modern guidelines for research activity. Having passed state examinations graduates receive their diplomas and can apply for clinical internship.

The post graduate course and the Institute of Post-Diploma and Additional Education are for doctors, paramedical personnel. During three years the post-graduate students prepare a thesis, defend it and obtain the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и выражения на русский язык (Find Russian equivalents).

The Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation; an entrant may choose according to his or her abilities and wishes; paramedical personnel; master practical skills in clinical conditions; to carry on research work.

Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions).

1 Who finances and guides the higher medical education in Russia?

2. Where are the doctors trained?

3. Where are the specialists in pharmacy trained?

4. Who may enter a medical institution of higher education?

6. Whom do the medical colleges train?

7. What is the course of training at the medical institution of higher education?

8. How many semesters has the academic year?

9. What subjects does the curriculum include?

10. Where do the students have medical practice?

11. What are the students taught during medical practice?

12. Where do the students carry on research work?

13. When do the graduates receive their diplomas?

14. Where can the doctors improve their qualification?

15. For what degree does the post-graduate student defend a thesis?

Грамматика (Grammar)