Медицинские профессии — что может быть важнее?

Содержание

Пояснительная записка	с.2
1. Визитная карточка (VISITING CARD)
Темы (Topics) 1.1  Моя визитная карточка (My Visiting Card)	c.7
1.2. Моя семья (My Family)	c.9
1.3. Мой друг (My Friend)	c.12
1.4. Мое хобби (My Hobby)	c.14
Грамматика (Grammar) 1.5. Глаголы to be/to have (Verbs to be/to have)	c.16
1.6. Порядок слов в английском предложениях (Word Order in English Sentences)	c.23
1.7.  Конструкции It-There is/There are	с.24
2. Медицинское образование (MEDICAL EDUCATION)
Темы (Topics) 2.1. Медицинский колледж (Medical College)	с.26
2.2. Рабочий день студента-медика (The Working Day of Medical Student)	с.30
2.3. Будущая профессия (Future Profession)	с.34
2.4. Медицинское образование в Великобритании (Medical Education in Great Britain)	с.38
2.5. Медицинское образование в России (Medical Education in Russia)	с.40
Грамматика (Grammar) 2.6. Имя существительное (The Noun)	с.43
2.7. Множественное число существительных (Plural Forms of the Noun)	c.45
2.8. Притяжательный падеж существительного (The Possessive Case of the Noun)	c.48
2.9. Числительные (The Numerals)	c.51
3. Анатомия человека (HUMAN ANATOMY)
Темы (Topics) 3.1 Тело человека (The Human Body)	c.53
3.2. Части тела (The Parts of the Human Body)	c.56
3.3. Внутренние органы (The Internal Organs)	c.58
3.4. Скелет человека (The Skeletal System)	c.60
3.5. Пищеварительный тракт (The Digestive System)	c.64
3.6. Мышечная система человека (The Muscular System)	c.71
Грамматика (Grammar) 3.7 Настоящее простое время (The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense)	c.74
3.8 Прошедшее простое время (The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense)	c.80
3.9 Будущее простое время (The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense)	c.83
Словарь (Glossary)	c.86
Список литературы	c.90

 

Визитная карточка (VISITING CARD)

Темы (Topics)

Моя визитная карточка (My Visiting Card)

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

A visiting card, also known as a calling card, is a small paper card with one's name printed on it. They first appeared in China in the 15th century, and in Europe in the 17th century. The footmen of aristocrats and of royalty would deliver these first European visiting cards to the servants of their prospective hosts solemnly introducing the arrival of their owners.

Visiting cards became an indispensable tool of etiquette, with sophisticated rules governing their use. The essential convention was that one person would not expect to see another person in her own home (unless invited or introduced) without first leaving his visiting card for the person at her home. Upon leaving the card, he would not expect to be admitted at first, but might receive a card at his own home in response. This would serve as a signal that a personal visit and meeting at home would not be unwelcome. On the other hand, if no card was forthcoming in return, or if a card were sent in an envelope, a personal visit was thereby discouraged.

As an adoption from French and English etiquette, visiting cards became common amongst the aristocracy of Europe, and also in the United States. The whole procedure depended upon there being servants to open the door and receive the cards and it was, therefore, confined to the social classes which employed servants.

Some visiting cards included refined engraved ornaments, embossed lettering, and fantastic coats of arms. However, the standard form visiting card in the 19th century in the United Kingdom was a plain card with nothing more than the bearer's name on it. Sometimes the name of a gentlemen's club might be added, but addresses were not otherwise included. Visiting cards were kept in highly decorated card cases.

The visiting card is no longer the universal feature of upper middle class and upper class life that it once was in Europe and North America. Much more common is the business card, in which contact details, including address and telephone number, are essential. This has led to the inclusion of such details even on modern domestic visiting cards, a practice endorsed by modern books of etiquette, such as Debrett's New Etiquette.

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. What is the visiting card?

2. What is its origin? / Where did it come from?

3. When did it appear in Europe?

4. What were they used for?

5. How could the visiting cards be decorated?

6. What is the business card?

Задание 3. Составьте свою визитную карточку (Make your own Visiting Card):

First name Surname Citizenship Nationality Occupation City (town, village) Telephone number Signed Date

Моя семья (My Family)

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

My name is Danil. I am 16. I study at the Tyumen Medical College. It is my first year. Let me tell you about my family.

I have got a big family. We are the Ivanovs. There are 4 members in my family. They are my mum, dad, brother and me.

My mum’s name is Galina. She is 35. But she looks much younger. She is tall and slim. She is very attractive and charming. My mum is clever and kind. She is an accountant by profession. She works five days a week, from Monday to Friday. My Dad says she is as busy as a bee. She is always on the go. My mum is

good at cooking and sawing. Every day she keeps the house and takes care of all of us. She washes the dishes, goes shopping and tidies up our flat. She likes singing. People say we look like two peas.

My father’s name is Artem. My father is handsome and serious. He is a programmer. He works a lot. He works six days a week, from Monday to Saturday. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with dark hair and blue eyes. My father is fond of playing computer games, reading books, and playing the guitar. My father always reads newspaper and watches news on TV in the evenings. At the weekends we sometimes play table-games together. Also, he helps me with my homework and my mum with housework. He is the best dad in the world!

My brother is 11 years my younger. So he is 5 now. His name is Max. He looks like my dad. He is strong, clever and talented. He can swim and run. He likes watching cartoons on TV. Sometimes he is naughty. He enjoys breaking my old toy cars and drawing in my exercise-books. All in all we are a happy and friendly family.

Задание 2. Посмотрите на генеалогическое древо и дополните предложения (Look at the family tree and complete the sentences):

1. Betty is Brian’s ________________________.

2. Sarah is Andrew’s ________________________.

3. William is Simon’s ________________________.

4. Betty is Sarah’s ________________________.

5. Sue is Andrew’s ________________________.

6. Brian is Jane’s ________________________.

7. Paul is Simon’s ________________________.

 

Задание 3. Расскажите о своей семье используя данные выражения (Talk about your family using the following prompts):

My family is … (small/big).

There are … (two/three/four) of us in the family: …

We spend/ don’t spend a lot of time together.

We go…, visit…

My mum’s name is …

She is a …(teacher).

She works in/ at a…

My dad’s name is…

He is a…

My brother(s)/sister(s) is (are)…

We all have our duties about the house.

I think our family is…

Мой друг (My Friend)

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

Friendship

Friendship is a special relationship between people. People need this relationship because they expect help and comfort from each other. Those who have friends have less stress and maybe longer lives. Friendship is usually based on common interests and mutual understanding, true encouragement and sympathy.

A friend is the one who has a tight relationship of trust with another person. Real friend can often make better an awful day and cheer you up because that is what friends exists for. A real friend is every time next to you, you can for sure count on his support and attention. You can have a lot of acquaintances, they come and go, but real friend is always there when you need a shoulder to cry on.

Good friend is someone who helps you to see the truth even if it hurts, who keeps your secrets and shares things with you. People usually become friends when they have much in common, when they have much to tell each other, when they trust each other and rely on each other. If you feel depressed your friend will hang out with you to amuse you, to cheer you up and have a laugh with you. A good friend will not take offence at you if you disagree with him. I have a wide circle of friends who are on the same wavelength. I get on well with them because I respect their differences. It is good fun to be with them but my special friend is Alex.

Alex is tall (well-built, pretty, handsome, plump, good-looking, slim) in his/her teens. Sasha has got an oval face with shoulder-length hair, greenish-blue eyes and full lips. Alex is an active and energetic person who enjoys running, dancing, swimming, playing sports games. He is also ambitious and works so hard at school to be successful in the future. All in all, Alex is very special to me as my best buddy is every time there when I need him/her.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и выражения на английский язык (Translate into English):

Нуждаться в помощи и поддержке, основываться на общих интересах и взаимопонимании, подбадривать, рассчитывать на поддержку и внимание, иметь много знакомых, хранить секреты, иметь много общего, доверять друг другу, проводить время, тусоваться, обижаться, большой круг друзей, на одной волне, амбиционный.

Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. Why is it important to have the best friend?

2. Do you have a lot of friends?

3. What is the most important trait of character that your best friend has?

4. Describe your best friend. What things do you like to do together?

Мое хобби (My Hobby)

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

Different people like doing different things. Different people have different hobbies. As for me, I am fond of reading. I have got many different books: fiction and historical novels. I have got many books about animals and birds. I have also books which can tell you about different countries and lands. I think many people can say that their hobby is reading. And I am sure it’s easy to explain why. We learn when we read books.

My best friend, Tom, likes sport. He plays football from his childhood. Also he collects posters. His collection is thematic. The theme is his favourite football team. He keeps his posters on the wall. When you come into his room you can see them all there. My father collected coins when he was a boy. When he was in different countries he always brought home coins. Some people collect pictures, cups, toys, books and many other things. But collecting things is not the only hobby people have. Some people are fond of travelling or gardening. Many people are fond of sport or art and music.

Задание 2. Ответьте н вопросы (Answer the questions):

1) What do you care for (увлекаешься)? Why do you like to do it?

2) Do you like to go to the cinema? What films do you prefer?

3) Can you draw very well? Did you attend an art school?

4) Can you sing or play some instruments? What kind of music do you listen to?

5) Can you dance very well? Do you like to go to discos in nightclubs? What kinds of dances do you like most of all?

6) Are you good at sports? How often do you work out?

Задание 3. Составьте монологическое высказывание о своем хобби (Make up your own story about your hobby):

Useful Phrases

1. To begin with…

2. Firstly, Secondary, Finally….

3. Besides…

4. In any case…

5. As far as I know…

6. As for me…

7. I suppose…

8. From my point of view…

9. In conclusion…

10. To sum up…

Грамматика (Grammar)

1.5. Глаголы to be/to have (Verbs to be/to have)

Глагол to be

Значения:

1) быть, существовать

He is alive and happy. – Он (есть) жив и счастлив.

2) находиться

Jake is in Tokyo now. – Джейк сейчас (находится) в Токио.

3) являться

She is an outstanding artist. – Она (является, есть) выдающаяся художница.

· am – форма первого лица единственного числа. Употребляется лишь в одном случае – с местоимением I.

· is – форма третьего лица единственного числа. Используется вместе с местоимениями he, she, it, а также с любыми именами и предметами в единственном числе.

· are – форма множественного числа настоящего времени. Употребляется с местоимениями you, we и they, а также с существительными во множественном числе.

В настоящем простом времени эти формы выступают сказуемыми. Примеры: I am here just to help you. – Я здесь для того, чтобы помочь тебе. You are so kind and beautiful. – Ты так добра и красива.

He is twenty two.- Ему двадцать два года.

I have got a cat. It is red and fluffy. – У меня есть кошка. Она рыжая и пушистая.

We are young, we are green. – Мы молоды и неопытны.

You are still in the garden. – Вы все еще в саду.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы:

В отрицательных предложениях частица “not” занимает место после to be.

I am not a lazy bone.

You (we, they) are not (aren’t) alone here.

It (she, he) is not (isn’t) red, it is orange.

В вопросительных предложениях подлежащее и глагол (в одной из 3 форм) меняются местами, на первое место выходит сама форма глагола, а подлежащее ставится за ним.

Is he that very Olympic champion?

Настоящее время (Present)

Положительное	Отрицание	Вопрос
I am free.	I am not free.	Am I free?
You (we, they) are very nice.	You (we, they) are not very nice.	Are you (we, they) very nice?
The house (it) is big.	The house is not big.	Is this house big?
He (she) is a doctor.	He (she) is not a doctor.	Is he (she) a doctor?

 

Прошедшее время (Past)

Положительное	Отрицание	Вопрос
I (he, she) was ill.	I (he, she) was not (wasn’t) ill.	Was I (he,she) ill?
You (we, they) were too far.	You (we, they) were not (weren’t) too far.	Were you (we, they) too far?

 

Будущее время (Future)

Положительное	Отрицание	Вопрос
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) will (I'll) be near.	I (we, you, they, he, she, it) will not (won’t) be near.	Will I(we, you, they, he, she, it) be near?

 

Упражнения (Exercises):

Ex.1. Дополните предложения. Используйте am, is или are (C omplete the sentences. Use am, is or are .)

My name (1) ______ Brenda Foster. I (2) ______ on the left in the picture. I (3) ______ ten years old and I (4) ______ in the fifth form. My birthday (5) _____ on the first of January. I (6) ______ from Santa Monica, California, USA. I (7) ______ American. My phone number (8) ______ 235-456-789. I live at 16 Park Street. My post code (9) ______ LA 30 SM. I’ve got a sister and a brother. Their names (10) ______ Gina and Paul. Gina (11) ______ 16 years old and Paul (12) ______ only three. I’ve also got a dog. His name (13) ______ Spot. He (14) ______ on the right in the picture. My Mum (15) ______ a doctor. She works at a hospital. My Dad (16) ______ a driver. He works in Los Angeles. We (17) ______ all friendly in our family.

Ex.2. Дополните предложения (Write in is / isn’t, are / aren’t, am / ’m not.)

1. I __________ lazy.

2. My friend ___________ naughty.

3. My granny___________ kind.

4. My granddad ___________clever.

5. My teachers___________ funny.

6. I___________ a bad pupil.

Ex.3. Дополните предложения (Write in was / were)

1. _______ your mum tired yesterday?

2. _______ you hungry yesterday evening?

3. _______ it cold yesterday?

4. _______ your teacher sad yesterday?

5. _______ your pet hungry yesterday?

Ex.4. Дополните предложения формами глагола to be ( Fill in to be (Present Simple / Past simple / Future Simple)

A. Hello! Му name ________ Alan. I________ thirteen. My friend’s name ________ David. He ________ thirteen, too. We ________ from Belarus. Last summer we ________ at the seaside. The weather ________ sunny. There________ many people on the beach. We had a good time. I hope next summer it ________ sunny and warm, too. There________ a lot of nice days. I ______ never ________ to other countries. Some day in future I ________ lucky to visit London and my holidays ________ great.

B. 1. The animals ________ in danger. 2. There ________ only a few mountain gorillas in the world now. 3. It ________ the thirty-first today. 4. The wind ________ strong yesterday. 5. We________ at the end of Cliff Road when Alan fell down. 6. What ________ the weather like yesterday? 7. I hope your leg________ better soon. 8. ________ you________ at home tomorrow? 9. _______ you ever________ to London? 10. I ________ ill for a week.

Глагол to have

Основным значением слова является «иметь», «владеть», при переводе на русский язык чаще используют структуру «у (кого-то) есть».

I have a delicious cake – у меня есть вкусный пирог. He has a new car – у него есть новая машина.

Настоящее время (Present)

положительное	отрицание	вопрос
I have a house	I do not (don’t) have a house.	Do I have…?
You (we, they) have a house.	You (we, they) do not (don’t)  have a house	Do you (we, they) have…?
He/She/It has a house	He/She/It does not (doesn’t) have a house	Does he (she) have…?

 

Прошедшее время (Past)

положительное	отрицание	вопрос
I had a house.	I did not have a house.	Did I have…?
You had a house.	You did not have a house.	Did you (we,they) have…?
He/She/It had a house.	He/She/It did not have a house.	Did he (she) have…?

Будущее время (Future)

положительное	отрицание	вопрос
I will have a house	I will not have a house	Will we have a house?
You will have a house	You will not have a house	Will you have a house?
He/She/It will have a house	He/She/It will not have a house	Will they have a house?

Упражнения (Exercises):

Ex.1. Дополните предложения формами глагола have or has. (Fill in have or has).

1. I ________ got a family.
2. I __________ father, mother, two sisters and a brother.
3. My parents _________ got many relatives.
4. My mother _______ three sisters and a brother.
5. My father _________ two cousins.
6. My grandparents ________ five grandchildren.
7. My aunt _____ a niece and a nephew.
8. My uncle ____ two children.
9. This man _____ got a wife.
10. These women ________ husbands.

Ex.2. Опишите своих одногруппников (Describe your groupmate. What does he/she have or not have?)

Ex.3. Ответь на вопрос What will you have in your future?