Divine patron of the king and dynasty, and the second for a deity of Kanes, com-

V... 148

cealed under the designation Sius-summU ‘Our Deity,’ whose statue, lost during an

Eariier conflict with Zaipa, he won back and brought to Kanes. It caxmot be excluded

that the rums of two temples excavated on the palatial hill in Kültepe/Kanes and con-

149

temporary with Level Ib in the kärum, are actually the remains of Anitta’s buildings.

The distinct character of the Kanesite pantheon continued to be perceived even in

Hittite times, 160 Kanesite gods received sacrifices during religious ceremonies

and the ‘singer of Kanes/Nesa’ sang for them in Nesite, 10 * which is how the Hittites

Referred to their own language. The deities whose names appear in this context in-

V

clude: Kamruiepa, Pirwa, ' Hassusara ‘Queen,’ Askasepa ‘Genius of the Gate,’ Suwa-

liyat, Halki, Hasam(xxt)ili, Siwat ‘Dav, 5 Ispant ‘Night,’ Assiyat, IIali(yant), " Maliya,

For a new discussioa of this phenomenon, see Giorgieri.2005: 83ff. with references to eariier

Literature. The shift in importance of deities of the officiai pantheon, which took place in Kanes

(and probably also in other Anatolian centers, including hjattusa) in. the early second millennium

BC, places now the discussion in a broader context. Matthiae (2003), for instance, discusses the

Prominent Position of Istar in the pantheon of Ebla and her close connection with kingship before

The king of Ebla recognized the predominance of Aleppo around 1770 BC. Consequently, the

Political predominance of Yamhad would have been “at the origin of the strong presence of the

Figure of Hadad of Aleppo in works of Ebla related with kingship, dating from the 17th Century

BC.” (Matthiae 2003: 385). See also below, 3.1.1 with n. 238.

147 The Old Assyrian texts suggest an easterly location for Kussar(a), in the proximity of Hurrama,

Lubuzattiya, and Samuha; see Barjamovic 2005: 139£f.

Otfcen 1959a: 180; 1973: 35; Singer 1995. A recurrent assumption in the literature that Sius-sum

MU from the text of Anitta would have been the early Hittite Sun-god Sius (e.g., Neu 1974:

Gurney 1977: 9ff.; Haas 1994a: 1881'.; Kiinger 1996: 144 n. 82: Lombardi 1996: 69f.; Hutter 2006:

Kryszat 2008a: 107) has no grounds in the preserved sources. See now also Kutter 2008: 88.

149 T, Özgüs 1993;.1999: 117ff.

Haas 1994a: 613f.; Popko 1995a: 8Sf.

Are hi 2004a.

152 Otfcen 1952-1953; von Schüler 1965: 1901',; Haas 1994a: 412ff.; 1994b: 79ff.

Otten 1976- 1980a; Hutter 1988: 125f.

2.2. ICONOGRAPHY OF CäPPADOCIAN DEITIES 31

and Darawa (see also 3.1.2 & 3.2.4), The Storm-god Tarhuna stood at the head of the

Kanesite pantheon, in which the Sun-god and the goddess Han(n)ahan(n)a also held

An important position. In spite of the fact that not all these gods are evidenced in

the C&ppadocian tablets and some appeared only in theophoric names, the tradition of

Kanesite beliefs recorded in later texts from the Hittite Kingdom period allows re*

constructing the pantheon functioning during the kärum Level Ib phase at Kanes,

This pantheon has preserved the oldest form of Hittite reügion known to us, demon-

Strating clear ties with the beliefs of other Anatolian peoples, the Luwians and the

Palaians.

Iconography of Cappadocian deities

Cult scenes on cylinder and stamp seals from Kültepe/Kanes, 154 Acemhöyük 100 and

Karahöyük lo ß contain representations of different divinities, among which one re-

Cognizes specific iconographic types. Some of these types are known also from Meso-

Potamian and Syrian glyptic art, giving the opportunity for identifying Images of

Samas, Istar, Adad, ' Ea, Amurrum, and Usmu.' Others, appearing on the stamp

And cylinder seals of the so-called Anatolian group, depict local deities, but without

Any legends to help Identification of particular figures. In iconography, these deities

Are usually connected with animals, bringing to mind associations with the god’s

Animals and images of gods Standing on animals, both known from Hittite sources.

Nonetheless, any Identification of the Cappadocian deities with Hittite ones based