Anna was the main deity of the city of Kanes, 134 appearing next to Assur as

A divine witness in contracts between Assyrian merchants and their Anatolian Part

ners. 1 ' 3 " She is presumably the bearer of epithets like ‘goddess of the city’ and ‘god-

Dess of Kanes.’ The king visited Anna’s temple on the day of her festival which took

Place early in the year. Anna is mentioned in later Hittite texts (like Perwa, whose

sacred animal was a horse, and the harvest and fertility deity Parka) in connection

With Luwian cults, arnong others, in the cult of Huwassanna of Hubesna (Classical

Kybistra in Lycaonia, modern Eregli) (see 3.2.4). Another important god of Kanes

For the hamrum, see Schwemer 2001: 245ff.: Prechel 2008: 127f.

Kryszat 2006a: 106ff.

See above, with n. 126.

Kryszat 2006a: 1081. 117ff,

ICK I 32 1 Off.. Hecker - Kryszat - Matous 1998: I 651 12’ff. See Kryszat 2006a: 109, 118.

Liniess it is a homonymy,

Kanesite Gods in the Light of the Cappadocian Tablets 29

-was Nipas * a ' (missing in Hittite texts), whose festival came some time after that of

Anna and was similarly eelebrated by the ruler visiting the temple. Parka haci her

Own festival which, assumitig her nature in this period was like that in Hittite times,

138

Was eelebrated presumably in the fall, after the harvest.

Harihari and Tuhtuhani also had their festivals. 1 "" The former is probably to be

Identified with the deity Halehare/Haliliari who had a ritual eelebrated in her name

In Old Hittite times during the great festival at Ziplaeda (3.1.3). During the winter

Festival eelebrated for the Sun-goddess of Arinna in Hattusa, the queen, in the pres-

Ence of the king, poured a libation to blalihari by the sacred bed in the Sun-god-

140

Dess’s bed chamber. This leads to further associations between Harihari. and the

Domestic deity Haristassi of Hittite texts, who was a guardian of the granary and

141

Alcove and whom the queen sacrificed to sitting on the bed in her bed chamber.

The Grain-goddess, whose Hittite name Halki is evidenced in theophoric names,

Was worshiped in Kanes throughout the Old Assyrian Colony period ander the

Mesopotamian name Nisaba (assuming it is not just a question of Dotation). This

Could testify to early influence of Syro-Mesopotamian beliefs, similarly as in the case

of the cult of the ‘Storm-god of the Head’ (D 1SKUR SA QAQQA/ID1M), 1 ‘ ’ Isfeara,

And Kuba bat who is identified with Kubaba, the goddess of the Syrian city of Kar-

Kamis.

The Kanesite pantheon that is revealed in the texts from Level Ib obviously

Underwent transformation during the period between Level II and Ib. A Storm-god

Absent from the Level II documents Stands at its head, eclipsing Anna in impor-

144

Tance and replacing her also as a witness god to contracts between Assyrian mer

chants and the local ruler.' " The appearance of the Storm-god in the pantheon of

Kanes in the nineteenth-eighteenth Century BC coincided with the development of

Worship of this category of gods in northern Mesopotamia and Syria, where they

Kryszat. 2006a: 113f. There are no reasons, linguistic or otherwise, for linking the god’s name

with Hittite nepis- *sky.'

Cf. Otten 1959a; 1992: 34fl

Kryszat 2006a: 110, 116.

KUB 2.6 ii 40f. Cf. Popko 2003b: 14f.

141 KBo 20.51 i 7’—9\ Haas 1994a: 261 f. Cf. also Otten — von Soden 1968: 32; Otten 1972—1975a.

Kryszat 2006a: 121.

Kryszat 2006a: 120.

Kryszat 2006a: 1061

145 kt ÖÖ/k 6 1, Günbatti 2004: 251.fl

The Old Assybian Oolony Period

30

146

Took over the ieading role in the officiai pantheons. The prominent Position ot the

Storm-god and Anna, divine guardian of the city, hrings to mind the structure of

The pantheon of Hattusa, where Anna’s place is taken by the goddess Inar (see 3.1.1).

147

The new dynasty from Kusear (of Pithana and Anitta), which seized power m

Kanes toward the and of the Level Ib period, imposed its own royal ideology, best ex-

Pressed in Anitta’s buildmg of a temple for the Throne-goddess Halmasuit. The rule of

The later Old Hittite dynasty was based on similar ideology. Anitta erected another

Two temples, the first for the Storm-god of Heaven with the Hittite name Tarhuna,