Past Indefinite Past Perfect Future-in-the-Past

(V₂; was/were V₃)             (had+ V₃                                  (should/would + инфинитив

Past Continuous                had been V₃)                    смыслового глагола без to

(was/were V_ing;                                                                  Например: should/would V₁;

was/were being V₃)                                                            should/would be V₃)

                                                                      

действия, выраженные                 действие придаточного   действие придаточного

главным и придаточным,            предшествует                         следует за

одновременны                            действию главного           действием главного

предложения                    предложения

He said

that he worked at a plant.  that he had worked at a plant.       that he would work at a plant.

Он сказал,

что работает на заводе.   что работал на заводе.        что будет работать на заводе.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ

                              can

                              may +     to Infinitive

                              must

 

Модальный глагол           Эквивалент

Past            Present

                              мочь,                                             am/is/are able to

could          can уметь,        be able to                was/were able to

                              иметь                                            shall/will be able to

возможность

                                                                                         am/is/are allowed to

might          may мочь          be allowed to          was/were allowed to

                   (разрешение,                                            shall/will be allowed to

                    предположение)

 

                                                                                         have/has to (Do/does __ have to...?)

                                                      have to                          had to     (Did __ have to...?)

                              обстоятельств                  shall/will have to

                   должен в силу

                              плана                     am/is/are to

must должен                  be to                       was/were to

                                              

                                                      should                     только в Present

                                                      следует

(совет, рекомендация)

       ought to

следует, следовало бы

       need not

не нужно, не надо

 

МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЬ ГЛАГОЛОВ

To be

Смысловой                       связка                   модальный          вспомогательный

The books are       He was a worker before,   He was to get         She is working now.

on the desk.           now he is a designer.         the data yesterday.

To have

                   смысловой                       модальный                      вспомогательный

We had a meeting              We had to use a computer             We had finished our yesterday.                        to make these calculations.            work by 9 o’clock.

To do

Смысловой            вспомогательный            усилительный      заместитель

I do my morning    Do you go to the                This device does     Metals conduct

exercises regularly. Institute every day?           help a lot in            electricity better

– Yes, I do.                         their work.             than semiconductor do.

                                                                                 

НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА

ПРИЧАСТИЕ (PARTICIPLE)

Формы причастия

Participle I