Indefinite Tenses (неопределенное время)

Глаголы в английском языке имеют четыре формы: инфини­тив (Infinitive), прошедшее неопределенное время (Past Indefinite) и причастия, настоящего и прошедшего времени (Participle I, Participle II или Present, Past Participles).

Таблица 15

 

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II	Participle I
to ask to qo	asked went	asked gone	asking going

Все английские глаголы делятся на правильные и непра­вильные (Regular and Irregular Verbs). Правильные глаголы обра­зуют формы Past Indefinite and Participle II путем добавления суф­фикса -ed к основе глагола: to stop — stopped — stopped.

Формы неправильных глаголов следует заучивать: to write — wrote — written (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов)

В английском языке имеется четыре группы времен: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous, которые образуют двенадцать временных форм.

Времена группы Indefinite обозначают обычное, регулярное, повторяющееся действие, либо указывают на сам факт его совер­шения в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.

С временами группы Indefinite обычно употребляются сле­дующие словосочетания:

1. Present Indefinite: often, seldom, always, usually, regularly,
every day, sometimes, as a rule.

2. Past Indefinite: yesterday, last week (month, year), the day be­
fore yesterday, ago.

3. Future Indefinite: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week (month, year), in a day (week, month).

Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных предложе­ниях времени и условия после союзов if, when, before, after, as soon us, till, until. В этих предложениях вместо Future Indefinite употреб­ляется Present Indefinite. На русский язык переводится будущим временем. Например:

I shall enter the University when I finish school. Я поступлю в университет, когда закончу школу.

 

Таблица 16

		Present		Past		Future
Affirmative	I		I		I	shall work
	We		We		We
	You	work	You	worked	You
	They		They		They	will work
	He		He		He
	She	works	She	worked	She	will work
	It		It		It
Negative	1		1		1	shall not (shan't)
	We	do not	We	did not	We	work
	You	(don't) work	You	(didn't)	You	will not (won't)
	They		They	work	They	work
	He	does not	He	did not	He	will not
	She	(doesn't)	She	(didn't)	She	(won't)
	It	work	It	work	It	work
Interrogative		1		I	Shall	1        work?
		we		we		we
	Do	you work?	Did	you work?		you
		they		they	Will	they  work?
		he		he		he
	Does	she work?	Did	she work?	Will	she   work?
		it		it		it

SELF - TRAINING EXERCISES

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past, Future In­ definite Tenses

A. 1. We always (to consult) a dictionary when we (to translate) texts. 2. We (to take part) in a sport competition last Sunday. 3. My friend (to pass) entrance examinations to the University last month. 4. He (to study) at the evening department. 5. He (to graduate) from the University in six years and will become an engineer. 6. The students (to come) to the lectures every day. 7.We (not to go) to the country this Sunday.

B. 1. When he (to graduate) from the University, he will become a good specialist. 2. If you (to prepare) the report in time, you will take part in the conference. 3. When I (to be) 18, I (to take part) in the elec­tions. 4. We (revise) the rules in some days. 5. If you (to come) to the lecture, you will learn many interesting things.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Where do you study?

2. What school did you finish?

3. Where does your friend study?

4. When will you pass your examinations?

5. Do you often see your school - friends?

3. Translate into English.

1. Завтра у нас будет два семинара.

2. Студенты нашей группы сделают интересные доклады.

3. В прошлом месяце они обсуждали план будущего эксперимента.

4.  Я не участвовал в обсуждении.

5. Он хорошо сдал экзамены и поступил в МГТУ.

6. Если вы выучите новые слова, вы поймете этот текст.

7. После лекции она часто ходит в библиотеку.

8. Мы не сдадим хорошо экзамен, если не будем усердно работать.

9. Они знают твой адрес?

10. Когда мой отец закончил университет, он стал хорошим спе­циалистом.

             4. Read and translate the text.

HOW DO YOU DO? NICE TO MEET YOU!

We have a meeting at four (o'clock) in our office. At ten (minutes) after three I arrive at Mr. Johnson's hotel. He's in the lobby already. He doesn't want to be late, but the office isn't very far from the hotel. Where is it? It's on a small street off Nevsky Prospect. So we're not go­ing to take a taxi. We're going to walk to the office. Mr. Johnson says (that) he wants to see the city. He says (that) it's beautiful. He likes it very much. On the way to the office I show him the sights and tell him about my job. I specialize in metallurgical equipment.

We work Monday through Friday. We don't work on weekends. Our office hours are from 9:00 (nine) a.m. to 5:30 (five-thirty) p.m. Our lunch break is from 12:30 to 1:00 p.m. Mr. Johnson asks me a lot of questions about my job. I answer them. He calls me Victor or Vie. I call him Mr. Johnson. He doesn't like that. He asks me to call him Richard, or Rich for short.

Oh, it's five to four already. How time flies! We don't have much time. We're going to be late! We arrive at the office. My boss meets us there. I introduce Richard Johnson to him. They discuss business.

Task 1. Скажите или напишите данный текст во временах Past и Future Indefinite.