Remind Grammar (look at grammar reference)

We use can to say that something is possible or that somebody has the ability to do something. The modal verb can is used with the infinitive.

                

        can + infinitive (can see, can read, etc.)

e.g.: I can swim.

       I cannot (can’t) go to the concert.

       Can you speak any foreign languages?

We use may to say that something is a possibility or when we speak about the permission.

e.g.: It may be true. (perhaps it is true)

     You may go home. (you are permitted to go home)

      May I come in?

     You may not smoke here.

II. Answer the questions.

1. What is the meaning of the modal verbs can and may?

2. How do we form the negative and interrogative sentences with the Modal Verbs?

3. Do we use the particle to with Modal Verbs?

4. What is the difference between the Modal Verbs can and may?

 

III. Make these sentences interrogative and negative.

1. He can speak English quite well.

2. I can type this letter for you.

3. She can read English articles now.

4. They can do it for you.

5. He can become a good pharmaceutical chemist.

6. The blade may be simple.

7. Stipules can be green and leaflike.

 

IV. Give short affirmative and negative answers.

1. May I come in?

2. May I have a cup of coffee?

3. May I take this book, please?

4. May I speak to you now?

5. May I go out?

 

V. Translate the following sentences into English using the Modal Verbs:

1. Я могу (умею) говорить по-английски.

2. Вы можете (вам разрешается) взять эту книгу.

3. Он не может (не в состоянии) ходить.

4. Я не могу (не умею) говорить по-французски.

5. Можно войти?

VI. Read and memorize the new words to the text.

expanded расширенный                                  

lateral     боковой

branch    ветка

blade      листовая пластинка

footstalk черешок листа

stipule    прилистник

flat         плоская поверхность

resemble иметь сходство

separate отдельный

attached прикрепленный

appendage отросток

spot        место

petiole    черешок листа

leafstalk черешок листа

lamina    листовая пластинка

 

VII. Divide the words above into columns according to the parts of speech.

 

verb	adjective	Noun

 

VIII. Translate the following word-combinations:

expanded organ, green part, laterally from the stem, consist of, a blade, footstalk and stipules, resembling separate leaves, important organ of the leaf, attached to the stem

 

IX. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks below.

 

A leaf

A leaf is an expanded organ of a plant, produced laterally from a stem or branch, or growing from its root. It is usually green and consists of a blade, footstalk and stipules.

The flat, green part is called the blade or lamina. The blade may be simple or compound, when it is divided into many segments often resembling separate leaves.

The blade of a leaf is attached to a stem by a petiole or a leafstalk, which is an important organ of the leaf.   

Two appendages call ed stipules, often grow on either side of the petiole at the spot where it is attached to the stem of the plant. Stipules are often green and leaflike.

Листья

Листья – расширенный орган растения, произведенного со стороны от стебля или ветки, или выращивающий от ее корня. Это обычно зелено и состоит из лезвия, footstalk и stipules.

Плоская, зеленая часть называется листовой пластинкой или lamina. Листовая пластинка может быть простой или составной, когда это разделено на многие доли, часто напоминающие отдельные листья.

Листовая пластинка листьев приложено к стеблю petiole или leafstalk, который является важным органом листьев.   

Два придатка, называемые прилистник, часто растут с обеих сторон petiole в пятне(месте), где это приложено к стеблю завода(растения).Прилистник часто зелен и подобен листьям.

 

 

X. Find the equivalents of these words from the text:

обычно зеленый, состоит из листовой пластинки, важный орган лиcта, прикрепляются к стеблю