Aquaculture water facilities

(Speaking-Reading-Speaking- Writing)

1.1. Read and pronounce correctly the following words:

Raceways, flow-through, harness, recirculate, supply, earthen, concrete, source, species, trout, require, purchase, opportunity, reliable, ease, obstacle, spawn.

1.2. Read correctly and translate the following words:

Aquaculturist, artesean, adequate, assimilate, typical, aeration, optimum, tempetature, alternative, technology, specialize, phases, expertize, preference.

1.3. Words for the text comprehension:

Aquaculturist	рибовод, людина, яка займається розведенням та вирощуванням риби
Water facilities	рибоводне господарство, підприємство
Raceway	русло, штучний канал для розведення риби
Recirculating system	система замкнутого циклу для розведення риби
Flow-through system-	проточна водна система
Concrete	бетон
Trout	форель
Waste	відходи (тверді)
Water discharge	водовідведення
Water supply	водопостачання
Wetlands	вологі грунти, землі, перенасичені вологою
Fry	мальок
Fingerling	цьогорічна риба
Fertilization	запліднення
Predator	хижак

 

Read and translate text A, name four types of aquaculture water facilities and say which of these four you may construct in your site.

Text A. Aquaculture water facilities

When describing aquatic production systems, the aquaculturist refers to the water-holding facility in which the organisms are grown. Several kinds of water facilities may be needed for growing fish. The kind of facility depends on the size of the farm and the type of fish farming. These facilities are grouped into 4 types: ponds, cages, raceways and recirculating systems.

1. Flow-through systems or raceways. Whenthere is an abundant and easy to harness supply of clean water a concrete raceway or earthen pond is constructed. The constant flow of water creates a favorable place to raise fish. Generally the source of water is a spring or artesian well and cold water species, such as trout, are raised. Fish waste is collected in the raceway or pond and periodically removed. Flow-through systems require a receiving stream that has adequate flow to assimilate the discharge without changing the water quality of the stream.

2. Pond systems. Pond systems are often used on sites where water supply and/or water discharge volumes are limited. Ponds require more land area and should not be constructed in wetlands. A typical use of pond systems is in growing warm water species from fry to fingerlings. The ponds are initially filled with water and fertilized to create a natural growth of aquatic organisms to provide a natural food source for the fry. With low fish densities, they can grow for a whole season with natural aeration and some supplemental feeding. Higher densities of fish may require mechanical aeration, supplemental feeding and a supplemental flow-through water source.

3. Recirculating systems. The advantage of recirculating systems is that a high density of fish can be kept at optimum temperatures by removing the fish waste and reusing the water. The rate of growth is usually faster and the system can be covered to protect the fish from predators. For sites with limited water supply, limited discharge opportunities or limited land area, recirculating systems may be the best alternative. However, technology for effective and reliable waste treatment systems to clean the water for reuse is more expensive and not totally reliable.

4. Cage systems. Cage culture of fish uses existing water resources (lakes, ponds) but encloses the fish in a cage or basket, which allows water to pass freely between the fish and the pond or lake. One of the main advantages is the ease of harvesting. Cage culture is an alternative to pond culture.

Comprehension Check-Up

1.5. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words:

Aquaculturist, water facilities, ponds, raceways, recirculating system, flow-through system, earthen pond, constant flow, favourable place, adequate flow, water quality.

1.6. Give English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words:

1.7. Find answers to the following questions:

1. Where are the organisms grown?

2. Where does the aquaculturist refer to grow the organisms?

3. Does he need a specific facility or several kinds of them?

4. What does the kind of facility depend on?

5. What is the alternative to the pond culture?

1.8. Say false or true:

1. The kind of facility does not depend on the size of the farm.

2. When there is abundant supply of clean water a recirculating system is constructed.

3. Flow- through systems does not require receiving stream.

4. With low fish densities they can grow for a whole season without natural aeration.

5. The disadvantage of recirculating systems is that a high density of fish can be kept.

 

1.9. Match the terms to the following statements:

 

1. flow-through system	a) abundant and easy to harness supply of clean water
2. pond system	b) a high density of fish can be kept at optimum temperatures
3. recirculating system	c) growing warm water species from fry to fingerling
4. cage system	d) usage of existing water resources and enclosure fish in a basket

Can all these terms be the titles of the paragraphs of the text? If your answer is positive, then compress the information from text A and name water facilities which are needed for growing fish (2-5 sentences).

Step 2

Grammar Point

(speaking-writing)