Faculty of Energy, Oil and Gas Industry

Department of Oil and Gas engineering

Practice Report

 

Performed by: Zhumagul Orynbassar

Checked by: Aidana Muratbekova

 

 

Almaty 2016

Table of Contents

I. Introduction 3

II. Introduction to geophysics 4-6

III. Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering 6-8

IV. Introduction to Enhanced oil recovery 8-13

V. Introduction to Reservoir Engineering 14-17

VI. Formation Pressure 17-20

VII. Oil and gas gathering system 20-25

VIII. Motivation Lecture from Syzdykov M.K 25

X. Trip to Geological Museum 25

XI. Sedimentology 26

XII. Motivation lecture from Kuralkhanov D.K. 27

XIII. Well monitoring 27-28

XIV. Nanotechnology (Jim Lee) 28-29

XV. Intellectual Game 29-30

XVI. Trip to Charyn Canyon 30-32

XVII. Conclusion 33

XVIII. References 33

 

Introduction

From 16 to 28 of May the students of the second course of the oil and gas faculty last academic practice. Practice lasted two weeks for three hours per day. We acquainted with different materials and lectures related to the future of our profession. We were listen lectures of teachers such as Kuralkhanov D.K, Jim Lee, Syzdykov M.K, Abirov R.Zh and young undergraduates familiarize us with the master's project. Moreover, two excursions were organized, such as trip to the Geological Museum and a trip to Charyn Canyon.

In the process of practice, we have learned:

· Identify different forms of occurrence of geological bodies;

· visually diagnose the rocks;

· describe the exposure;

· to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems;

· apply a particular method of development, based on the analysis of geological and geophysical field data;

· be able to predict the future impact of the method chosen by the volume of extraction of raw materials.

We were listen about ten lectures, such as Introduction to geophysics, Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering, Introduction to Enhanced oil recovery, Introduction to Reservoir Engineering, Formation Pressure, Oil and gas gathering system, Sedimentology, Well monitoring, Nanotechnology etc. The future I will focus in detail on each of them.

 

Introduction to geophysics

On the second day of our educational practice we studied the main parts of geology. The lecture was explained by Abylay Nadir. We have learnt it from the Petroleum Geology lessons, so that it was the revision that helped us to remember the information and to freshen up our memory. We have revised the three main types of rocks, the rock cycle, the physical and chemical properties of minerals such as porosity, permeability, saturation, capillary pressure and other properties. So, we understood that the rock cycle is is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.

Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. Magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals. The minerals can form crystals when they cool. Igneous rock can form underground, where the magma cools slowly. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly.

When it pours out on Earth's surface, magma is called lava. Yes, the same liquid rock matter that you see coming out of volcanoes.

On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces, called sediments, drop from the wind or water to make a layer. The layer can be buried under other layers of sediments. After a long time the sediments can be cemented together to make sedimentary rock. In this way, igneous rock can become sedimentary rock.

All rock can be heated. But where does the heat come from? Inside Earth there is heat from pressure (push your hands together very hard and feel the heat). There is heat from friction (rub your hands together and feel the heat). There is also heat from radioactive decay (the process that gives us nuclear power plants that make electricity).

So, what does the heat do to the rock? It bakes the rock.

Baked rock does not melt, but it does change. It forms crystals. If it has crystals already, it forms larger crystals. Because this rock changes, it is called metamorphic. Remember that a caterpillar changes to become a butterfly. That change is called metamorphosis. Metamorphosis can occur in rock when they are heated to 300 to 700 degrees Celsius.

When Earth's tectonic plates move around, they produce heat. When they collide, they build mountains and metamorphose (met-ah-MORE-foes) the rock.

The rock cycle continues. Mountains made of metamorphic rocks can be broken up and washed away by streams. New sediments from these mountains can make new sedimentary rock.

So, we can make a conclusion that the rock cycle never stops.

Let's look at the properties of minerals. Two separate characteristics of rocks control how effective they are as aquifers:

Porosity is a measure of how much of a rock is open space. This space can be between grains or within cracks or cavities of the rock.
Permeability is a measure of the ease with which a fluid (water in this case) can move through a porous rock.

Porosity and permeability are two distinct physical properties of solids. Porosity refers to the extent to which tiny pores or spaces exist within the solid. Permeability refers to the ability of a mass of solid to allow or restrain the passage of of fluids, that is gases or liquids, through itself. These two qualities are closely related. The fluids are able to permeate through a solid by passing through the pores it contains, and grater the number and size of pores in a given mass of solid, easier it is for the fluids to pass through. Thus in general higher porosity in a material is likely to be accompanied by higher permeability also.

Capillary pressure defined capillary pressure as the difference in pressure across the interface between two phases. Similarly, it has been defined as the pressure differential between two immiscible fluid phases occupying the same pores caused by interfacial tension between the two phases that must be overcome to initiate flow.