Предложение, начинающееся с наречных конструкций или с придаточных предложений.

• In the biochemically isolated PSII RC (D1/D2/cyt b 559 RC complex [2]) in which forward electron transfer from Pheo_D1 ^- is blocked due to the absence of the plastoquinone acceptors, P₆₈₀⁺Pheo_D1^- recombines on the nanosecond time scale [3-7] to form the lowest excited triplet state of chlorophyll via the radical pair mechanism [5,8].

• It is important to note, that each mRNA molecule in our system was able to acquire only a single 43S complex onto its initiation region, since the distances between the AUG codons were too short to accommodate more than one ribosome.

• It was found that in the data available subjects from developing countries were smaller and had lower metabolic rates as it was expected.

• The data available from developing countries were found to be unpredictably smaller and had lower metabolic rates.

It is assumed that sliding presupposes the movement of the 43S complex along the mRNA to a 5’ distal AUG codon after a pronounced pause at the 5’ proximal AUG.

Короткие монотонные предложения

• Gut microbiota is important for Homan health. Genomic variation needs to be studied in order to get information about how it could be used in treating some diseases.

• Fish was divided into 2 groups by qualitative features at short notice. Such characters of coloration and morphology as caudal fin shape, spots size and color tone of the body sides were examined. The first group possesses light sides (brown, gray or pink) with large bright spots. Edges of the spots are diffuse and irregular. Caudal fin is deep forked. Head is conical. The second group is characterized by dark coloration with purple or olive tide on the sides. Spots are smaller and more frequent with distinct edges. Caudal fin is slightly clipped. Head is elongated. It was easy to determine the specimens in 95% of the cases. Therefore, all further analyses were conducted separately for the representatives of the groups excluding controversial specimens.

III-3)

• 1) Ошибки

In the further text considered only are sequenced samples.

It seems that any fundamental role in triggering sexual behaviour is unlikely.

• In addition, it do not retain the oxygen-evolving complex.

• Kaolinite is the most studied two-layered clay mineral and the most simple (the simplest) for interpretation in the light of the complex triple interaction.

• We assumed that the first group of charrs should be associated with lacustrine Arctic Charr (Salvelinustaranetzi) and the second group – with common Dolly Varden (Salvelinusmalma), which were fed (feed) in the lakes and spawned (spawn) in the tributaries.

• 2) Соотношение активного и пассивного залога

Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные

• Research, evidence

4) Множественное число + Am Engl – Br Engl

 

• Of these papers, less than a half deals / deal with this issue.

• 2. A number of authors has / have claimed that x = y.

• 3. The number of publications per year is / are reported in Table 3.

• 4. The majority of articles only covers / cover marginal issues.

• 5. None of the instruments work / works.

• 6. Both clinical and neuropathological evidence shows / show that these symptoms are…

Лексико-грамматические – zombie-nouns

• Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) imunotherapy is based on the ex vivo selection of tumour-reactive lymphocytes, and their activation and numerical expression before reinfusion to the autologous tumour-bearing host

• These findings imply that the rates of ascorbate radical production and its recycling via dehydroascorbate reductase to replenish the ascorbate pool are equivalent at the lower irradiance, but not equivalent at higher irradiance with the rate of ascorbate radical production exceeding its recycling back to ascorbate.

III- 4)

• These isolated particles are widely used as a valuable model system for PSII RCs since their first preparation in 1987 [8].

• In both cases, the complex accumulation kinetics were much faster than those at the ΔE012 mRNA, but a clear delay in 48S formation on the second AUG was observed at the ΔE12 mRNA as compared to ΔE2 mRNA

• Standing aside from the hot discussions of whether clay minerals were or were not among the primary entombing sediments in Lagerstätten and Burgess Shale Type Lagerstätten especially (Powell, 2003; Butterfield, 2007; Page et al., 2008), we note that clays were most likely present in ancient bottom sediments.

• The mechanism that guided for centuries the formation of exceptionally preserved fossils with soft tissue variously displayed is the paramount challenge to paleontological science.

Как проверять сочетаемость?

1. Новое свойство возникает, когда мы рассматриваем...

2. Выясняется одно замечательное свойство

3. Главной характерной чертой предыдущего примера является...

4. Относительно соотношения (12) заметим, что его интересным свойством является... —

5. Здесь проявляются две интересные особенности.

6. Основное (= существенное) требование, предъявляемое к... состоит в том, чтобы...

Проблемные предлоги

• In the opposite to Dolly Varden widespread dominance along the Pacific Coast of Asia, the Taranets Charr anadromous and resident forms are distributed from Chukotka Peninsula to the Dergavin’s Bay

• In the given paper are not going to discuss the specifics of the taphonomic pathways of Lagerstätten, which are extremely variable (Butterfield, 1994, 1995, 2003, Cai et al., 2012), but instead we will discuss one important question, namely why does decay of dead carcasses stop or delay allowing the fossilization to start before the complete degradation of a body.

Необходимость синонимичных оборотов…

• the basic structural arrangement and interactions of the triplet-bearing Chl are comparable for the two PSII preparations. From comparison of the triplet-minus-singlet FTIR difference spectrum with the published FTIR difference spectra for photooxidation of P₆₈₀, it is concluded that…

1. Аналогично, было бы желательно, чтобы

2. Совершенно аналогично этому результату мы могли бы доказать

3. Это выражение совершенно аналогично тому, что было получено для –

4. Это практически аналогично-

Оценивать -appraise, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, judge

не отмечены в словаре: calculate, consider, assess

	assess	IMPACT OBJECTIVES SIGNIFICANCE ASPECTS ACTIVITY IMPORTANCE QUALITY RISK DEGREE VALIDITY AMOUNT ASSESSMENT STRENGTH CHANGES INFLUENCE DAMAGES COST
	evaluate	PRACTICE APPROACH RESEARCH EFFECTIVENESS EFFICACY INFORMATION STUDIES EFFECTS ABILITY POTENTIAL EFFECTS PROGRESS EFFECT ORDER IMPACT
	Estimate	NUMBERPROPORTIONPREVALENCEVALUE DISEASE ACTIVITY DOSE EQUIVALENCENUMBERS OFCOSTDEGREE LEVELMAGNITUDEPOTENTIAL RATEDOMINANCE PROPORTIONSFIGURES FOR

 

Article Paper Essay Book Study

Is about Is concerned with Is devoted to deals with aims (N) (to V) represents will be(is) centred on raises will examine introduces provides (N) (the reader with N) considers (N) emphasizes (N)

The analysis (comparative analysis) Issues (following issues) A wide range of problems Anything you are going to talk about;-) Questions(a number of questions) Relations between The discussion

 

Analyze Collect Provide Interpret Include Obtain Record Get Derive Deduce

Data

Body of data/evidence Abundant data Basic data Available data Empirical data Reliable data Comparative data Experimental data

Synonyms Information Facts Statistics Findings Results Evidence Case (a strong case can be made for the hypothesis that…)

 

• Many hypotheses regarding something appear to be ill-defined / unfounded / not well grounded /unsupported / questionable / disputable / debatable

III-4) Концептуальные метафоры в научной речи

New information is light

Theories are buildings

Manuals of style: Последние штрихи

American Psychological Association (APA)

Modern Language Association (MLA)

Chicago Manual of Style

Council of Science Editors (CSE)

American Medical Association (AMA)

 

IV. Some useful phrases