Я вважаю, що швидкість руху змінюється.

 

У реченні I like him to come in time for dinner (Мені подобається, що він приходить вчасно на обід) інфінітив ‘ to come’ виражає дію, яку виконує особа, позначена займенником в об‘єктному відмінку – him, що стоїть перед інфінітивом to come, тобто інфінітив відноситься до цього займенника, як присудок до підмета. Отже ‘him to come ’ являє собою єдине ціле або об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс. У реченні цей комплекс виконує роль складного додатка, оскільки речення, що зазначене вище, означає, що мені подобається не він, а те що він приходить вчасно на обід.

Саме тому, що такий комплекс має у своєму складі інфінітив і вживається у функції додатка (object), він називається об‘єктним інфінітивним комплексом(The Objective Infinitive Complex).

Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплексскладається з двох частин. Перша частина – іменник у загальному відмінку або особовий займенник в об‘єктному відмінку (me, him, her, it, us, you, them). Друга частина комплексу – інфінітив, що виражає дію, яку виконує іменник або займенник в першій частині.

 

На українську мову об‘єктний інфінітивний комплексперекладається здебільшого підрядним додатковим реченням з сполучниками що або щоб.

 

я він вона Я хочу, щоб воно ми ти, ви вони

me him her I want it us you them

to study better. вчився (вчилась,вчились) краще.

 

Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс вживається лише після певних груп дієслів.

1. Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс вживається після дієслів, що виражають бажання, намір, почуття: to want – хотіти, to wish, to desire – бажати; to dislike – не подобатися, не любити; to hate – ненавидіти; to intend – мати намір; to love – любити; to like – подобатися, should/would like – хотів би та інші.

What do you want him to dofor you?	Що ви хочете, що б він для вас зробив?
She dislikes him to shout at his sister.	Їй не подобається, що він кричить на свою сестру.
He intended me to go with him to the theatre.	Він хотів, щоб я пішов з ним до театру.
I’d like you to read this book.	Я хотів би, щоб ви прочитали цю книгу.

 

2. Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс вживається після дієслів, що виражають думку, припущення, сподівання, надію: to think=to guess=to suppose – думати, вважати; to find – знаходити; to consider=to believe – вважати; to know – знати; to expect – сподіватися та ін. Для дієслів цієї групи (крім to expect) найчастіше вживається інфінітив to be:

 

We consider him to be the best student of our group.	Ми вважаємо його найкращим студентом нашої групи.
He thought her to be about twenty five.	Він думав, що їй близько 25 років.
They knew him to be lazy.	Вони знали, що він ледачий.
He expected her to return.	Він сподівався, що вона повернеться.

 

3. Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс вживається після дієслів, що виражають наказ, прохання, дозвіл, пораду, примус: to order – наказувати, to ask=to request – просити; to advise = to recommend – радити, рекомендувати; to persuade – впевнювати; to press – вговорювати, наполягати, to warn – попереджати; to permit = to allow – дозволяти; to cause=to force= to make – примушувати; to let – веліти, дозволяти. Після дієслів to make і to let інфінітив вживається без частки to (to make somebody do something – примушувати когось робити щось).

 

We made him work.	Ми примусили його працювати.
Nick’s father orderedsome water to be put on the stove.	Батько Ніка наказав поставити воду на плитку.
The teacher allowed us to use dictionaries.	Учитель дозволив нам користуватися словниками.

 

4. Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс вживається після дієслів, що виражають сприйняття за допомогою органів чуття: to see – бачити, to hear – чути, to feel – відчувати, to watch = to observe – спостерігати, to notice – помічати та ін. Після цих дієслів інфінітив у об‘єктному інфінітивному комплексі вживається без частки to, або замість інфінітиву в д еяких випадках вживається дієприкметник теперішнього часу (Participle І).

 

I‘ve seen them gointo the room.	Я бачив, що вони зайшли в кімнату.
She saw him writing something.	Вона бачила, як (що) він щось писав (що робив?).
They noticed him fall while getting off the bus.	Вони помітили, як він упав, коли виходив з автобусу (що зробив?).
I felt someone watching me.	Я відчув, що (як) хтось спостерігає за мною.

 

Таким чином, об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс з дієприкметником теперішнього часу (Participle I) перекладається дієсловом недоконаного виду (що робив?), а з інфінітивом – дієсловом доконаного виду (що зробив?).

Об‘єктний інфінітивний комплекс з дієприкметником минулого часу (Participle II) після дієслова to have в значенні “мати” вживається для вираження дії, яка виконується не особою, яка є підметом, а якимось іншим суб‘єктом, наприклад:

 

My daughter had her hair cut yesterday. Моя дочка вчора постриглася.

 

Виконуючи вправи, ще раз зверніть увагу на особливості перекладу речень зі складним додатком (див. таблицю 2.1).

Таблиця 2.1 Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс

(складний додаток)

			другорядні члени речення
		підмет		присудок

 

1 2 3 4

They	want	him /this engineer	to test	the device
Вони	хочуть, щоб	він /цей інженер	випробував	цей прилад

ВПРАВИ

Exercise 1. Make up five sentences from each table paying attention to the Objective Infinitive Complex.

I He/She You We They

saw heard watched noticed

him her them you the girl

enter the house. leave the room. play the piano. sing. approach the river.

 

I	made	him	(to)	learn the poem by heart.
He/She	let	them	do the exercise again.
We	caused	you	go home.
You	forced	me	buy it.
They			read it aloud.

 

I	want(s)	her	to become an agronomist.
He/She	wanted	them	to work here.
We	like(s)	you	to speak English.
You	should like	me	to sing this song.
They	would like	the boys	to stay here.

 

I	expect (s)	him	to come back at five.
He/She	expected	them	to help them.
We		me	to arrive on Monday.
You	expect	you	to win the match.
They	expected	us	to answer the letter at once.

 

I	considered	him	to be brave.
He/She	believed	you	to be an honest man.
We	thought	us	to be lazy.
You	knew	them	to be about twenty-five.
They	supposed	me	to be a good pupil.
I	find(s)	it	difficult.
He/She	found	the film	to be easy.
We		the subject	to be funny.
You		the story	to be dull.
They		the flat	to be comfortable.

 

 

Exercise 2. Combine the given two sentences into one using the Objec­tive Infinitive Complex.

Model: Маrу opened the window. I saw it. — I saw Mary open the window.

1. Peter took my pen. I saw it. 2. He ran to the river. I saw it. 3. The girl smiled. I noticed it. 4. The children shouted in the next room. I heard it. 5. She played the violin. My brother heard it. 6. The man tried to open the door. We saw it. 7. They got into a taxi. He saw it. 8. Somebody knocked at the door. We heard it.

9. Kate helped the old woman to carry a heavy bag. I saw it. 10. Somebody tried to get into the house. They noticed it. 11. The people spoke their native language very quickly. She heard it. 12. Nick hid something in the drawer. Mother noticed it. 13. The stranger crossed the street slowly. She saw it. 14. The boy played with the gun in the yard. The neighbors watched it.

Exercise 3. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex.

 

A. 1. We watched the dockers as they unloaded the ship. 2. They watched me as I made my bed. 3. Mother saw him as he climbed over the fence. 4.I watched them as they played ice hockey. 5. Nobody noticed her as she went away.

B. 1. We expect that he will come back at 7. 2. They expect that their football team will win the game. 3. She expected that her friend would write her a letter. 4. I expect that you will come in time. 5. He expects that his friends will help him.

C.1. I think that he is a good engineer. 2. I suppose that he is about forty. 3.I believe that they are at home now. 4. I know that she is very modest. 5. They believe that he is honest.

D. 1. My wish is that you should tell me about it. 2. Her parents’ wish is that she should enter a music school. 3. Our wish is that you should go to the forest with us. 4. His father's wish is that he should become an engineer. 5. My wish is that you should stay here.

E. 1. I desire that he should see me off. 2. I desire that she should go shopping. 3.We desire that he should repair our radio set. 4. I desire that he should stop smoking. 5. I desire that they should return tomorrow.

Exercise 4. Read each sentence and write a second sentence from the words given.

Example: Jill didn't have any money.

(she / want / Ann / lend her some). - She wanted Ann to lend her some.

 

1. Tom's parents were disappointed when he decided to leave home. (they / want / Tom / stay with them). 2. Please don't tell anyone that I'm leaving my job. (I / not / want / anyone / know). 3. There's a football match next Saturday between England and Scotland. (you / want / Scotland / win?). 4. Unfortunately someone had told Sue that I was going to visit her. (I / want / it / be a surprise).

Exercise 5. Now you have to read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning. Each time begin in the way shown.

Examples: 'Don't touch anything', the man said to me. - The man told me not to touch anything. My father said I could use his car. - My father allowed me to use his car.

1. 'Don't forget to post the letter', Jack said to me. - Jack reminded ____. 2. She told me that it would be best if I told the police about the accident. - She advised ____. 3. І told you that you shouldn't tell him anything. - I warned ____.

4. I was surprised that it rained. - I didn't expect ____. 5. 'Would you like to have dinner with me?' Tom said to Ann. - Tom invited ____. 6. At first I didn't want to play tennis but John persuaded me. - John persuaded ____. 7. The sudden noise caused me to jump. - The sudden noise made ____. 8. If you've got a car, you are able to travel around more easily. - Having a car enables ___. 9. She wouldn't allow me to read the letter. - She wouldn't let ____.

 

Exercise 6. Now put the verb in the right form: -ing, to + i nfinitive, or i nfinitive without to paying attention to the Complex Object.

Example: Mr Thomas doesn't allow smoking (smoke) in his office.

 

1. Mr Thomas doesn't let anyone ____ (smoke) in his office. 2. I don't know Jack but I'd like ____ (meet) him. 3. Where would you recommend me ____ (go) for my holidays? 4. I don't recommend ____ (eat) in that restaurant. The food's awful. 5. The film was very sad. It made me ____ (cry). 6. Jack's parents have always encouraged him ____ (study) hard. 7. We were kept at the police station for an hour and then allowed ____ (go).

Exercise 7. Answer these questions beginning in the way shown.

Examples: 'Does Tom ever dance?' ‘I’ ve never seen him dance( or dancing)

'How do you know I came in late?' I heard you come in late.

1. 'Does Ann ever smoke?' ' I ' ve never seen ____. 2. 'How do you know the man took the money?' Ί saw ____. 3. 'Did Jack lock the door?' 'Yes, I heard ___. 4. 'Did the bell ring?' ' I am not sure. I didn't hear ____. 5. 'Does Tom ever swear (use bad language)? ' I ' ve never heard ____. 6. 'How do you know Ann can play the piano?' ' I have heard ____. 7. 'Did Bill kick the dog?' 'Yes, I saw ____. 8. 'Did the boy fall into the water?' Ί didn't see _____.

 

Exercise 8. In each of these situations you and a friend saw, heard or smelt something. This is what you said at the time:

1. Look! There's Ann! She's waiting for a bus. 2. Look! There's Sue! She's playing tennis. 3. Look! There's Tom! He's having a meal in that restaurant. 4. Listen! That's Bill. He's playing the guitar. 5. I can smell something! The dinner's burning! 6. Look! There's Dave! He's talking to Charles.

 

Later you tell someone what you saw, heard or smelt.

1. We saw Ann waiting for a bus. 2. We saw ____, etc.

 

Exercise 9. Complete these sentences. Use one of the following verbs in the correct form:

run explode slam cry sit happen go out collide open tell slip crawl climb fall burn

1. Can you smell something ____ burning? 2. I saw the accident ____ happen. 3. We listened to the old man ____ his story from beginning to end. 4. Listen! Can you hear a child ____? 5. Did anybody see the two cars ____? 6. We watched the two men ____ across the garden, ____ a window and ____ through it into the house. 7. Everybody heard the bomb ____. It was a tremendous noise. 8. Oh! I can feel something ____ up my leg! It must be an insect. 9. I heard someone ____ the door in the middle of the night. It woke me up. 10. We couldn't find Tom at first. In the end we found him ____ in the garden. 11. The boy was catching his cat on the sloping roof. They saw him ____ and ____ to the ground. 12. Oh! There is nobody here! Did you notice anyone ____?

 

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Complex Object:

 

1. They think us to know this student. 2. We know metallurgists to have produced many new alloys. 3. We know copper to contain carbon. 4. We suppose this problem to be solved by our scientists. 5. We suppose this problem to have been solved by our scientists successfully. 6. We expect metallurgists to produce many new kinds of alloys. 7. I don't want the work to be done in a hurry. 8. Do you want it to be forgotten? 9. They wanted a new house to be built in this place. 10. Do you want them to be introduced to you? 11. Would you like them to change their minds? 12. We didn't expect him to agree with them. 13. I would like you to see the sights tomorrow. 14. The father wanted his son to become a doctor. 15. The driver expected the passenger to get off at the next stop and opened the door. 16. She would like her son to receive a good education. 17. He doesn't want you to leave without him. 18. I think you didn't expect the suit to be so cheap. 19. I would like you to spend the summer with us. 20. We didn't expect the weather to change. 21. The boy wanted the train to begin moving. 22. They didn't want the delegation to stop its visit. 23. I didn't expect you to leave so soon. 24. The father didn't want it to happen to his son again. 25. We didn't expect them to come to Moscow soon. 26. I would like you to be ready in an hour. 27. We expected the group of scientists to come at the weekend. 28. Everybody expected the performance to be interesting. 29. Sports make young people train muscles and will. 30. We expect the Shengen countries to direct all their activities to further cooperation. 31. Technologists planned some samples of semiconductors with improved properties to be obtained on a new installation. 32. Manufacturers consider lasers to have found wide application in medicine.

 

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to different verbs used with the Complex Object:

 

1. He wants you to come to our party meeting next week. 2. I believe him to know this subject well. 3. They expect you to be here at half past five. 4. I knew them to have fulfilled this difficult task in time. 5. I heard her tell about this dis­covery. 6. He heard the woman say something to her son. 7. My friend saw the taxi stop at the door. 8. We want this device to function quite well. 9. All progressive mankind wants atomic energy to be used in peaceful purposes. 10. In old times people believed the Sun to move round the Earth. 11. We have learned the air to compose of many gases. 12. I know this instrument to be very accurate. 13. Everyone knows the strength of current to depend upon the resistance of the circuit. 14. Bohr considered the atom to consist of a nucleus with electrons revolving around it. 15. The tests have shown the device to be very sensitive. 16. A number of scientists believe the Tunguska explosion to be caused by a meteorite. 17. For the experiment we need several electrical devices to be connected in series. 18. They suppose their scientific discoveries to be practically applied in industry nowadays. 19. We know the wave theory of light to be first proposed by the English physicist Robert Hooke in 1665.

 

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Objective Infinitive Complexes.

 

1. We assume these operations to be performed by a com­puter. 2. I believe it to be the only way to do it. 3. We con­sider all the bodies to consist of atoms. 4. We expect our football team to win at the next match, too. 5. We know the practical unit of resistance to be the ohm. 6. I thought our delegation to leave Moscow yesterday. 7. Tests have shown the receiver to be very sensitive. 8. We know the frequency to be expressed in kilocycles. 9. I want you to prepare the information on this subject. 10. I do not desire you to tell them about it just now. 11. Our chief engineer wanted us to see the new invention. 12. I wish you to complete your tests as quickly as possible. 13. I saw him give his friend this book. 14. He watched them carry on this experiment. 15. I felt my cheeks redden at his rude words. 16. We heard him report the commander about it. 17. We observed the laboratory assistant to check data thoroughly day by day. 18. We expected him to carry on a careful study of the process without a new device. 19. The government planned the reconstruction of those plants to take four years. 20. We expect this scientist’s work to lead to a new discovery.

Exercise 13. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.

 

1. I felt her touch my hand. 2. He took him to be a foreigner. 3. She made me stand up and give her medicine. 4. He helped me to pack my things. 5. We know him to be a good actor. 6. He was looking for someone to help him. 7. I saw him cross the street. 8. I saw him crossing the street. 9. They watched the doctor working. 10. I like my porridge to have a salty taste. 11. They found him to be an intelligent person. 12. She heard him talking gaily in the garden. 13. I would like you to help me with the translation. 14. I wish the matter to be settled today. 15. I don’t expect them to get back before next Friday. 16. Everyone believes him to be a promising artist. 17. I understood him to say that he would help them. 18. I want you to look through these letters. 19. I would like you to change your mind. 20. We didn't expect them to agree with this point of view. 21. I would like you to look through the web-sites tomorrow. 22. Mother wanted her son to become a lawyer and earn much money. 23. The teacher expected the best student to learn the report by heart for the conference. 24. He would like his son to receive the golden medal at the coming championship. 25. She doesn't want you to come without your daughter. 26. I had my diploma thesis bound yesterday.

 

Exercise 14. Underline the Complex Object in the following sentences, translate them into Ukrainian.

1. We believe electric current to be a quantity of electrons flowing in the circuit per second of time. 2. Various methods cause electrons to move from one atom to another. 3. We know the electrons to flow from the negative terminal of the battery to the positive one. 4. We know the impurity concentration to be an important factor in solid-state technique. 5. We know the electric charges to be positive and negative. 6. We know a transistor to have two junctions and three electrodes called an emitter, a collector and a base.7. We know the simpliest semiconductor device to be a junction diode. 8. We know a junction-solid-state device having three electrons to be a transistor. 9. We consider current to be increased by increasing the e.m.f. 10. When the current flows along the conductor we notice a magnetic field be developed around it. 11. We know the use of electronics to raise the development level of many branches of engineering. 12. We know solid-state devices to be made of semiconductor crystals. 13. We know electronics to be the branch of science and technology which studies the conduction of electricity through gases or vacuum. 14. The only force that make electrons move is that of caused by the fields of other electrons. 15. We know the electron to be the smallest known invisible unit of the electric charge. 16. We know different kinds of rays to be emitted by radioisotopes. 17. Now we know neutrino to have a rest mass of about 30 electron-volts.