Prof. Maciej Popko, who kindly read through an earlier draft of the manuscri.pt.

I have profited much from his valuable suggestions and insights relating to the schol-

Arly substance of the book. Dr. Guido Kryszat has aiso given me very welcome help

M-

Viii Preface

By reading and commenting on parts of the manuscript. Needless to say, I alone am

Responsible for the views expressed here.

Prof. Johann Tischler kindly agreed to publish the book in the Dresdner Bei

träge zur Hethitologie series. 1 am indebted to Ms. Iwona Zych for translating the

Polish text, to my colleague, Prof. Krzysztof Nowicki, for looking thron gh the manu

Script and for his useful editorial suggestions and corrections, and to Ms. Alina Nowak

For preparing the eamera-ready Version.

Last of all. this book would not have been writfcen without the constant support

Of my wife Jolanta. It is dedicated to her..

Piotr Taracha

September 2008

ABB RE VI ATI ON S

..7a,.../h, etc. Inventorv numbers of Bogazköy tablets excavated 1931-1987

AA Archäologischer Anzeiger. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Berlin

ABoT Ankara Arkeoloji Müzesinde bu.lun.an Bogazköy Tabletten, Istanbul 1948

AcAn Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest

Acta Lanka Acta Iraräca. Encyclopedie permanente des etudes iranienn.es publiee par le Centre

Internationale d’etudes indo-iraniennes. Troisieme serie: Hommages et Opera minora,

Louvain-la-Neuve

Acts I ICH Uluslarara&i 1. Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri (19-21 Ternmuz 1990), Ankara [1992]

Acts II ICH O. Carruba -- M. Giorgeri — C. Mora (eds), Atti del 11 Congresso Internationale di Hit-

Titologia: Pavia, 28 giugno - 2 luglio 1998. St udia Mediterranes 9. Pa via 1995

Acts III ICH S. Alp - A. Süel (eds), III. Uluslararasi Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri: Qorum 16-

22 Eyliil 1996 = Acts of the Illrd International Congress of Bittitology: Qorum,

September 16-22, 1996, Ankara 1998

Acts IV ICH G. Wilhelm (ed.), Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie: Würzburg,

Oktober 1999. StBoT 45, Wiesbaden 2001.

Acts V ICH A. Süel (ed.), V Uluslararasi Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri: Qorum 02-08 Eyliil 2002

-Acts of the Vth International Congress of Hittitology: Qorum, September 02-08, 2002,

Ankara 2005

Acts VI ICH A. Archi - E. Francia (eds), VI Congresso Internazionale di Ittitologia: Roma,

5-9 settembre 2005, vol. I = SMEA 49, 2007; vol. II ~ SMEA 50, 2008

AfO Archiv für Orientforschung. Internationale Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft vom

Vorderen Orient, Berlin -- Graz - Wien

AIGN Annali deliTstituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli

AION-L Annali deli’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli - Sezione Linguistica

AJA American Journal of Archaeology, Princeton - Boston

ALASPM Abhandlungen zur Literatur Alt-Syrien-Palästinas und Mesopotamiens

American Antiquity

American Antiquity. Journal of the Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.

Anadolu (Anatolia)

Anadolu/Anatolia. Revue annuelle de ITnstitufc d’Archeologie de l’Universite d’Ankara,

Ankara

Anatolian Archaeology

Anatolian Archaeology. Annual magasine of the BIAA, London

Anatolica Anatolica. Annuaire international pour les civilisations de l’Asie Anterieure, Istanbul

— Leiden

ÄnSt Anatolian Studios. Journal of the BIAA, London

Antike Welt Antike Welt. Zeitschrift für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte, Mainz

Antiquity Antiquity. A Quarterly Review of Archaeology, London — Tonbridge

AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament

AoF Altorientalische Forschungen, Berlin

AOS American Oriental Series

X

Abbreviations

APA Acta Prehistorica et Archaeologica, Berlin

Ar A ß Archivum Anatolicum, Ankara

Ä roh a e ologia Po lona

Archaeologia Polona. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of

Sciences, Warsaw

Archeologia Archeoiogia, Rocznik Instytutu Arehelogii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, War

Szawa