A ) Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим отраслям права.

A) Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим отраслям права.

International law Criminal law Employment law

Financial law Banking law Land law

б) Подберите английские эквиваленты к следующим отраслям права.

Конституционное право Административное право Гражданское право

Семейное право Экологическое право Военное право

в) Соотнесите русские эквиваленты из левой колонки с английскими словосочетаниями из правой.

Налоговое право Договорное право Предпринимательское право Коммерческое (торговое) право Таможенное право Корпоративное право Деликтное право Уголовно-процессуальное право Авторское право Право интеллектуальной собственности

Tax law Copyright law Commercial law Intellectual property law Tort law Corporate law Criminal Procedural law Business law Customs law Contract law

Ознакомиться со словами к тексту SYSTEM AND CLASSIFICATI O NS OF LAW

1.

In order to – для того, чтобы

Substantive law – материальное право

Procedural law – процессуальное право

2.

Public law –публичное право

Private law – частное право

Individual – частное лицо

3.

Private citizens – частные лица

4.

Decision-making - принятие решений

Administrative units of government – административное подразделение власти

Boards – департамент, министерство

Taxation – налогообложение

International trade – международная торговля

5.

penal law = criminal law

to prohibit illegal conduct– запрещать противоправное поведение

to impose punishment – наложить наказание

to break law – нарушить закон

offence against public – преступление против общества

victim–жертва

6.

Contract law – договорное право

Tort law – деликтное право

employment law – трудовое право

land law – земельное право

7.

Legally binding agreement – юридически обязывающий договор, договор, имеющий обязательную силу

Party to a contract – участник, сторона договора

8.

Tort law – деликтное право, обязательственное

Civil wrong – гражданское правонарушение

to result in – привести к

harm – вред, ущерб

comprise – включать, охватывать

road accidents – ДТП

defamation – клевета

product liability – ответственность производителя за качество товара

defective consumer products – некачественные потребительские товары

copyright infringement – нарушение авторских прав

environmental pollution – загрязнение окружающей среды

9.

marriage and divorce – брак и развод

adoption – усыновление

custody of children – попечение над детьми

child abuse – жестокое обращение с ребенком

alimony – алименты

10.

employment law = labor law – трудовое право

trade union – профсоюз

11.

land law – земельное право

12.

To decide lawsuits – разрешать судебный спор

to conduct a trial – вести судебный процесс

to file an appeal – подать апелляцию

to enforce a judgment – принудительно осуществлять судебное решение

to enter into a contract – заключить договор

to bring into court – привлечь к суду, инициировать дело

to breach a contract – нарушить договор

a breaching party – сторона, нарушившая договор

enforceable agreement – принудительное соглашение

to be entitled to damages – иметь право на компенсацию ущерба

Прочитайте и переведите текст SYSTEM AND CLASSIFICATI O NS OF LAW

Active Vocabulary

Public law – публичное право

Private law – частное право

Substantial law – материальное право

Procedural law – процессуальное право

Administrative unit – административная единица

To impose punishment – назначить наказание

An offence against the public – преступление против общества

Parties to a contract – стороны договора

Binding agreement – соглашение, имеющее обязательную силу

Tort law – деликтное право

Defamation – клевета; syn: slander, libel

Product liability – ответственность производителя за качество товара

Employment law/Labour law – трудовое право

Trade union - профсоюз

To file an appeal – подавать апелляцию

To breach a contract – нарушить договор

To be entitled to damages – иметь право на возмещение ущерба

Enforceable agreement – соглашение, имеющее исковую силу (может быть принудительно осуществлено в судебном порядке)

         

          Every country has its own historically developing system of norms, legal institutions and branches of law, which regulates different types of social relations. In order to understand different aspects of a system of law it is necessary to look at various classifications of law, as branches of law are traditionally considered to be the most important elements of this system. Numerous classifications that vary from country to country usually reflect the peculiarities of different systems of law. Nevertheless there are the most common divisions singled out by contemporary jurists. Thus law is frequently classified into public and private and substantive and procedural.

       The distinction is often made between public and private law. Public law governs the relationship between the state and the individual, who is either a company or a citizen. Public law covers three subdivisions: Constitutional, Administrative and Criminal law.

       Constitutional law deals with the structure of the government and the relations between private citizens and the government.

          Administrative law deals with the decision-making of administrative units of government (for example, tribunals, boards or commissions) in such areas as police law, international trade, manufacturing, the environment, taxation, immigration and transport.

          Criminal law, or penal law, is the body of law that relates to crime, i.e. illegal conduct that is prohibited by the state and sets out the punishment to be imposed on those who break these laws. A crime is considered to be an offence against the public, although the actual victim may be an individual.

       Private law is also known as civil law. It involves relationships between individuals, or private relationships between citizens and companies. The main branches of private law are contract, tort, family, employment and land law.

       Contract law deals with legally binding agreements between people or companies that are called parties to a contract.

       Tort law deals with civil wrongs which result in physical, emotional or financial harm to a person or property. Tort cases comprise road accidents, defamation, product liability (for defective consumer products), copyright infringement, environmental pollution (toxic torts), etc.
       Family law is an area of the law that deals with family-related issues such as marriage and divorce, adoption, custody of children, child abuse and alimony.

       Employment law is the law relating to the employment of workers, their contracts, conditions of work, trade unions and legal aspects of industrial relations. Employment law is also called labour law.

       Land law is the law which deals with rights and interests related to owning and using land. Land is the most important form of property, so the name land law is often used for the law of property.

       The next classification which is widely used is subdivision of law into substantive and procedural. There are many laws and legal rules found in statutes, cases decided by courts (legal precedents) and other sources that are applied by courts in order to decide lawsuits. These rules and principles of law are classified as substantive law. On the other hand, the legal procedures that provide how lawsuit is begun, how the trial is conducted, how appeals are filed, and how a judgment is enforced are called procedural law. In other words, substantive law is the part of the law that defines rights, and procedural law establishes the procedures which enforce and protect these rights. For example, two parties entered into a contract, but then one of the parties breached this contract. The rules of bringing the breaching party into court and the conduct of the trial are rather mechanical and constitute procedural law. Whether the agreement was enforceable and whether the other party is entitled to damages are matters of substance and will be determined on the basis of the substantive law of contract.

Active Vocabulary

Possession and disposal of property – владение и распоряжение собственностью

Legal entity – юридическое лицо

Shipment of goods – перевозка, поставка товара

Insurance of goods – страхование товара

Succession law- наследственное право

Natural person – физическое лицо

Elements of corpus delicti – элементы состава преступления

Exemption from criminal responsibility – освобождение от уголовной ответственности

Informal inquest – дознание

Adjudicate lawsuits – вынести судебное решение по делу

Motion – ходатайство

Available remedies – доступные средства правовой защиты

 

There are different branches in the system of Russian law.

1. _______________________________

This is the major branch in the system of Russian law which deals with property and non-property relations. Property relations include possession and disposal of property, purchase and sale of property, its leasing and succession. Non-property relations include name, honour, dignity, authorship, etc. The norms of this branch of law also regulate relations between legal entities, arising from sales of goods, their shipment and insurance. Equality of the parties is the basic principle of this law. The relations built on the principle of subordination are usually regulated by different branches of law, for example administrative or financial law. Being very large and complex, this branch of law has numerous subdivisions such as succession law, copyright law, patent law, housing law, invention law, etc.

2. _________________________________

This law governs the activity of different administrative agencies, such as state executive bodies or public organisations and the work of public officers including members of government, departments and local councils. This law is applied in the sphere of economics, science, culture, education, health care, defense, law and order, etc. The basic principles of this law are subordination, authority and hierarchy.

3. __________________________________

The subject of this branch of law is financial relations such as forming of the state budget, money circulation, different banking activities, loans and taxes. This law concerns both legal entities and natural persons. The norms of this law are closely connected with the norms of constitutional and administrative law.

4. __________________________________

This branch of law deals with crime commission and imposition of punishment. It defines the elements of corpus delicti, the form and degree of guilt, the grounds for criminal responsibility and exemption from it, types of punishment, etc.

5. ___________________________________

This branch of law regulates the work of courts, prosecutor’s office, organs of preliminary investigation and informal inquest. It also defines rights and duties of participants of the trial including defendants, victims, witnesses, experts, prosecutors and defence counsels. 

6. ___________________________________

This branch of law involves a set of procedural norms which regulate public relations arising between court and participants of civil litigation. The rules of procedure in all courts of general jurisdiction are determined by a special code. This code sets out the rules and standards that courts follow when they adjudicate lawsuits. These rules govern how a lawsuit must be started, the types of motions and applications, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, etc.

a) Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим отраслям права.

International law Criminal law Employment law

Financial law Banking law Land law

б) Подберите английские эквиваленты к следующим отраслям права.

Конституционное право Административное право Гражданское право

Семейное право Экологическое право Военное право

в) Соотнесите русские эквиваленты из левой колонки с английскими словосочетаниями из правой.