Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. It is not easy to bring up children.

1. It is not easy to bring up children.

2. They came in through the back door.

3. Pupils must get up when they answer.

Перепишите предложения, употребляя данные в скобках глаголы в соответствующей видовременной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The book (write) by Arthur Conan Doyle.

2. Thousands of new houses (build) every year.

3. She (tell) about it later.

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Civil Engineering

The term "engineering" is a modern one. The New Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the explanation of the word "engineering" as the practical application of scientific and mathematical principles.

Nowadays the term "engineering" means, as a rule, the art of designing, constructing, or using engines. But this word is now applied in a more extended sense. It is applied also to the art of executing such works as the objects of civil and military architecture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. Engineering is divided into many branches. The most important of them are: civil, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine, and sanitary engineering.

While the definition "civil engineering" dates back only two centuries, the profession of civil engineer is as old as civilized life. It started developing with the rise of ancient Rome. In order to understand clearly what civil engineering constitutes nowadays, let us consider briefly the development of different branches of engineering.

Some form of building and utilization of the materials and forces of nature have always been necessary for the people from the prehistoric times. The people had to protect themselves against the elements and sustain themselves in the conflict with nature.

Согласитесь либо опровергните высказывания.

1. The term "engineering" is not a modern one.

2. Nowadays the term "engineering" means, as a rule, the art of designing, constructing, or using engines.

3.  Engineering is not divided into many branches.

4. The profession of a civil engineer started developing with the rise of ancient Greece.

5. Some form of building and utilization of the materials and forces of nature have always been necessary for the people from the prehistoric times.

 

Переведите словосочетания на английский язык.

Гражданское строительство, практическое применение научных и математических принципов, военная архитектура, подъем древнего Рима, отрасли строительства.

Продолжите предложения, пользуясь текстом.

1. The New Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the explanation ….

2. It is applied also to the art of executing ….

3. The most important of them are: civil, ….

4. While the definition "civil engineering" dates back ….

5. The people had to protect themselves against the elements ….

 

Вариант 5

1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные (something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody,somewhere, anywhere, nowhere).

1. … forgot their umbrella in the cloak-room of the University library two days ago.

2. This machine is very easy to use indeed. … can learn how to use it in a very short time.

3. If there are … words you don’t understand in this text on cars, use.... dictionary you have.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Put on your coat, it is raining.

2. My son took after me.

3. Fill out this application form, please.

3. Перепишите предложения, употребляя данные в скобках глаголы в соответствующей видовременной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The book (write) by William Shakespeare.

2. Much attention (give) to this problem. It is still under discussion.

3. I believe, her offer (reject) tomorrow.

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Building in Ancient Rome

Hadrian, the Roman emperor, was also the one who suggested the absolutely new for that time idea of building the Pantheon with a dome. He constructed it, and alongside with a number of other outstanding buildings such as the Colosseum and the Baths of Caracalla, it is still there in Rome. Many ancient buildings in Rome were designed by Hadrian as well as by other Roman emperors.

In a period of 800 to 900 years the Romans developed concrete to the position of the main structural material in the empire.

It is surprising, therefore, that after the fall of the Empire, much of the great knowledge should have disappeared so completely. The knowledge of how to make durable concrete has been lost for centuries, but invention was made of it in the writings of architects from time to time.

Fusion of Roman and North European traditions in construction was reflected in many ways. Buildings combined the Roman arch and the steep peaked roof of Nothern Europe. Roman traditions were continued in the architectural form known as Romanesque. London Bridge, finished in 1209, took thirty-three years to build. It consisted of nineteen irregular pointed arches with its piers resting on broad foundation, which was designed to withstand the Thames current.