X 2 points) Scan the text for comprehension

 

 Why use Arbitration?

Arbitration is swift of access and resolution if the parties so wish, and on the procedure adopted, is likely to cost far less in time and money than going to Court.

The main advantages include:

• Privacy – Unless both parties agree to the contrary, no publicity can be given to the hearing and the award.
• Flexibility – The parties control the way proceedings take place. They instruct the arbitrator as to the formality or informality of the procedure – unless there are pre-ordained rules or the parties are uncertain as to the procedure to adopt.
• Expertise – The parties or a “nominating body” may appoint someone as arbitrator who is an expert in the particular area of dispute, be it on the facts or the law.
• Cost –Arbitration can be cheaper than litigation. The use of an expert as “judge” can save considerable time by way of avoidance of technical explanation. In addition, an arbitrator will normally be able to attend the hearing at a location to suit the convenience of the parties.
• Powers of Arbitrator- The parties can give the arbitrator exactly the same powers as those available to a judge. However, some powers cannot be given to an arbitrator until after the dispute has arisen, but the parties, by agreement, are free to exclude or amend virtually any type of arbitration procedure they wish.
• Finally – The award of the arbitrator is final and binding upon the parties, except in very rare circumstances. Rights of appeal can be avoided by an exclusion agreement. (from the Internet).

 

Sum up what the text says about:

1) Arbitration procedure;

2) Arbitration as a method of settling disputes;

3) The advantages of arbitration as compared with litigation.

 

 

	ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ «ЛЕНИНГРАДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ А.С. ПУШКИНА»	ЛГУ

 

ВАРИАНТ -2

1. 1. (10 x 1 points) Supply the articles where necessary. Write your answers (a, an, the or ‘−’) in the boxes.

 

a) It’s __(1)__ plant of __(2)__ telephone equipment. ___(3)__ plant is outside Mos­cow. It's __(4)__ very large plant. __(5)___manager of our company is going to visit __(6)__ plant with __(7)__ Chief Engineer of GML on Friday.

b) ___(8)___   demand for ___(9)___   latest model of cars is very big in  ___(10)___   Japan.

 

1.			6.
2.			7.
3.			8.
4.			9.
5.			10.

 

X 1 points) Supply the prepositions where necessary. Write your answers in the boxes.

 

a) They offered to deliver the first lot___(1)___   four months after they signed the contract and the balance ___(2)___   22 motors – eight months later. Rossexport guaranteed the delivery ___(3)___   each lot ___(4)___  any delay. Mr. Smith agreed  ___(5)___   the terms ___(6)___   the Russian company.

b) They wanted to buy 60 motors ___(7)___   the Russian company. Rossexport was interested ___(8)___   selling their goods ___(9)___   Smith and Co and they were going to invite Mr. Garsell, the manager ___(10)___   the company, to come to Moscow to have talks.

 

1.			6.
2.			7.
3.			8.
4.			9.
5.			10.

 

	ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ «ЛЕНИНГРАДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ А.С. ПУШКИНА»	ЛГУ