A. Connective tissue macrophages

A. Mesothelium

B. Endothelium

C. Transitional epithelium

D. Simple columnar epithelium

E. Simple cuboidal epithelium

 

2.Differentiation of cells within some type of hematopoiesis is accompanied by a nucleus extrusion. What cell type is characterized by such morphologic changes?

       A. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast (normoblast)

       B. Polychromatophilic erythroblast

       C. Basophilic erythroblast

       D. Monoblast

E. Megakaryoblast

 

3.Blood analysis of a healthy adult man revealed 3% of some blood formed elements. What formed elements have this characteristic?

       A. Eosinophils, band neutrophils

       B. Band neutrophils, lymphocytes

       C. Eosinophils, lymphocytes

       D. Eosinophils, mature neutrophils

       E. Lymphocytes, monocytes

 

4. A patient with leukosis has disturbance of some type of hematopoiesis. This type has next characteristic: antigen independent and antigen dependent phases, blastic transformation, clonal expansion, recirculation. What type of hematopoiesis has enumerated features?

       A. Lymphocytopoiesis

       B. Granulopoiesis

       C. Erythropoiesis

       D. Monopoiesis

       E.Thrombopoiesis

 

 5. A patient suffers from epithelial tumor of the right extrapulmonary bronchus. What morphologic type of epithelium gave rise to tumor?

       A. Simple columnar pseudostratified

       B. Simple squamous

       C. Simple cuboidal

       D. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

       E. Transitional

 

6. Compression of umbilical cord took place. But blood circulation between fetus and maternal organism happened normally. What morphologic components of the umbilical cord promoted to this?

       A. Mucuous tissue

       B. Allantois residue

       C. Tunic of umbilical arteries

       D. Tunic of umbilical vein

       E. Yolk sac residue

 

7.There is connecting with the gut vesicle is visible on the histologic micropreparation. It is an extraembryonic organ. Primordial germ cells and erythroblasts (megaloblasts) are located in its wall. What organ is this?

A. Yolk sac

B. Allantois

C. Placenta

D. Umbilical cord

 E. Amnion

 

8.The primary function of brown adipose tissue is

A. To produce heat

B. To store unilocular energy

C. To produce hormons

D. To mobilize lipid for export as fatty acide

E. To initiate the shivering-induced mobilization of lipids

 

9. After birth, growth in the length of long bones occurs primarily through

A. Interstitial growth of cartilage cells in the epiphysial plate

B. Increased bone deposition under the periosteum

C. The action of osteoblasts in the primary ossification center

D. The action of osteoblasts in the secondary ossification center

E. Appositional grows from the periphery

 

10. The microscopic examination of wound lavage of a patient with acute woundy process of his shin revealed big contents of irregular extended-formed cells, with tough nucleus, the basophilic cytoplasm of which includes many Lysosomes, phagosomes and pinocytotic bubbles. What cells are found out in the wound?

A. Connective tissue macrophages

B. Fibroblasts

C. Plasmocytes

D. Tissue basophils

E. Fibrocytes

 

 

11. After the radioactive exposure a patient has haematopoietic stem cells disorder. The regeneration of what cells of loose connective tissue will be damaged?

A. Macrophages

B. Fibroblasts

C. Adipocytes

D. Pericytes

E. Pigment cells

 

12. What parameter of a blood analysis most probably testifies the presence in an organism of an acute inflammation?

A. Ascending an amount of neutrophilic leucocytes

B. Ascending an amount of reticulocytes

C. Ascending an amount of thrombocytes

D. Decrease of an amount of basophilous leucocytes

E. Decrease of an amount of monocytes

 

13. At study of a blood smear of the person with presence of inflammatory process it is possible to see a great number of spherical cells with a segmented nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm and shallow pink-violet granules in the cytoplasm. What blood cells are these?

A. Neutrophilic granulocytes

B. Erythrocytes

C. Eosinophilic granulocytes

D. Basophilous granulocytes

E. Lymphocytes

 

14. In a blood smear of the person who suffers an allergy, it is possible to see a great number of spherical cells with a segmented nucleus, weakly basophilic cytoplasm and major brightly pink granules in cytoplasm. What blood cells type is in the smear?

A. Eosinophilic granulocytes

B. Erythrocytes

C. Neutrophilic granulocytes

D. Basophilous granulocytes

E. Lymphocytes

 

15. After a bite of a bee in 12 hours allergic appearances on a skin (the edema, an itch) have disappeared. It is known, that one of mediators of an allergy is histamine. What blood cells have taken part in elimination of excess of histamine in a place of a bite?

A. Eosinophils

B. Neutrophils

C. Basophils

D. Lymphocytes

E. Monocytes

 

16. Punctuate hemorrhage was found our in the patient after application of a tourniquet. With dysfunction of what blood cells is it connected?

A. Platelets

B. Monocytes

C. Eosinophils

D. Neutrophils

E. Lymphocytes

 

17. At survey of the patient the poor amount of immunoglobulins has been detected. What from the enumerated cells of an immune system produce immunoglobulins?

A. Plasma cells (plasmocytes)

B. Plasmablasts

C. Т-killers cells

D. T-helper cells

E. T-suppressor cells

 

18. It is known, that plasma cells produce specific antibodies on the given antigen. At injection of an antigen the amount of plasmocytes increases. Due to what blood cells the augmentation of number of plasmocytes is carried out.

A .B-cells

B. Eosinophils

C. Neutrophils

D. Basophils

E. T lymphocytes

 

19. At the patient after transplantation of heterologous renal transplant the response of a casting-off has developed. What basic effector cells participate in the given immunological response?

A. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

B. T-helper cells

C. T-suppressor cells

D. Plasmocytes

E. В-plasmocytes

 

20. At survey frequently sick child the poor amount of immunoglobulins has been detected. Which of the enumerated cells of an immune system produce immunoglobulins?

A. Plasma cells

B. T-helper cells

C. Macrophages

D. Plasmablasts

E. T-suppressor cells

 

21. In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of T and B-lymphocytes are not changed. Defect with dysfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable.

A. Macrophages, B-cells

B. NK-cells

C. T-lymphocytes

D. Fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes

E.0-lymphocytes

 

22. Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue can be expected?

A. Collagen

B. Keratan sulfate

C. Elastin

D. Hyaluronic acid

E. Chondroitin sulfate

 

36. At an endochondral bone formation of tubular bones between epiphysis and diaphysis centers of an ossification form a plate, which further ensures body height of bones in length. How this plate is named?

A. Epiphyseal plate

B. Bone lamellae

C. Subperiosteal bone collar

D. An osteon

E. Inner circumferential lamellar

 

37. Owing to chondrodystrophia (anomaly of development of a cartilage) has been damaged a fibrocartilage. In what organ is possible to observe pathological modifications?

A. In intervertebral disks

B. In a trachea

C. In a larynx

D. On articulate surfaces

E. In an auricle

 

38. At the patient with a permanent injury of the upper extremity breaking processes of regeneration of a cartilage owing to damage of chondrogenic cells is observed. What cells have tested damage? 

A. Cells of inner cellular layer of perichondrium   

B. Cells of an upper layer of perichondrium  

C. Cells in isogenous droups 

D. Cells of region of a young cartilage 

E. Cells which enter from blood vessels 

 

39. It is offered to the student two microslides. On first - an elastic cartilage (stained by orsein), on second - hyaline (stained by hematoxylin - eosine). To what features of them it is possible to distinguish. 

A. On presence of elastic fibers  

B. On presence of isogenic groups of cells  

C. On presence of region a young cartilage 

D. On presence of perichondrium  

E. On presence of an extracellular matrix

 

40. At people of advanced age it is observed exuberant losses of mass of an osteal tissue that reflects development of an osteoporosis. Activation of what cells of bone tissue causes development of the given disease?

A. Osteoclasts

B. Osteoblasts

C. Macrophages

D. Mast cells

E. Osteocytes

 

41. At the laboratory experiment the leukocyte culture was mixed with staphylococci. Neutrophil leukocytes engulfed and digested bacterial cells. This process are termed:

A. Phagocytosis

B. Facilitated diffusion

C. Pinocytosis

D. Osmosis

E. Diffusion

 

42. In a patient after transplantation of the foreign kidney rejection of the transplated organ developed. What main effecter cells participate in this reaction at first?

       A. T-killers (T-cytotoxic)

       B. plasma cells

       C. T-lymphocytes –supressors

       D. B-cells

       E Fibroblasts

 

43.Examination of a patient who was subjected to X-ray irradiation revealed injury of the splenic white pulp. What cells of the white pulp undergo to this pathological change at first?

A. Lymphocytes

B. Basophils

C. Neutrophils

D. Mast cells

E. Red blood cells

 

44. The child’s scratch, which had been caused by light skin’s trauma, disappeared after 10 days. What skin layer provided for reparative regeneration?

A. Stratum basale;

B. Stratum spinosum;

C. Stratum granulosum;

D. Stratum corneum;

E. Stratum brilliantum.

 

45. After two months of appendectomy the patient again has arrived in surgical department with the diagnosis: «The intestinal obstruction, an adhesive disease». During operation, damage of what epithelium covering a peritoneum has reduced in development of adhesive disease.

A. Mesothelium

B. Endothelium

C. Transitional epithelium

D. Simple columnar epithelium

E. Simple cuboidal epithelium

 

46. An experimental animal was undergone by overdoses of X-rays. Due to this total destruction of CFU-GM cells in bone marrow took place. Further development of what blood formed elements will be happen in this case normally?

A. Erythrocytes

B. Monocytes

C. Eosinophils

D. Basophils

E. Neutrophils

 

47. Differentiation of cells within some type of hematopoiesis is accompanied by a nucleus extrusion. What cell type is characterized by such morphologic changes?

A. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast (normoblast)

 B. Polychromatophilic erythroblast

C. Basophilic erythroblast

D. Monoblast

E. Megakaryoblast

 

48. Blood analysis of a healthy adult man revealed 3% of some blood formed elements. What formed elements have this characteristic?

A. Mucous tissue

B. Allantois residue

C. Tunic of umbilical arteries

D. Tunic of umbilical vein

Е Yolk sac residue

 

54. The primary function of brown adipose tissue is

A. To produce heat

B. To store unilocular energy

C. To produce hormones

D. To mobilize lipid for export as fatty acids

E. To initiate the shivering-induced mobilization of lipids

 

55. The extra cellular matrix and the cytoskeleton communicate across the cell membrane through

A. Integrins

B. Proteoglycans

C. Microtubules

D. Hyaluronic acid

E. Microfilaments

 

56. After birth, growth in the length of long bones occurs primarily through

F. Macrophages

G. Fibroblasts

H. Adipose cells

I. Pericytes

J. Pigment cells

 

 

60. The neonatal child has a disorder of a thymus gland. What type of a hemopoiesis will be disturbed? 

Lymphopoiesis

2. Monocytopoiesis

3. An erythrogenesis

4. Granulocytopoiesis

5. Platelet formation

 

61. An experimental animal was undergone by overdoses of X-rays. Due to this total destruction of CFU-GM cells in bone marrow took place. Further development of what blood formed elements will be happening in this case normally.

1. Erythrocytes

2. Monocytes

3. Eosinophils

4. Basophils

5. Neutrophils

 

62. Differentiation of cells within some type of hematopoiesis is accompanied by a nucleus extrusion. What cell type is characterized by such morphologic changes?

1. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast (normoblast)

2. Polychromatophilic erythroblast

3.Basophilic erythroblast

4. Monoblast

5. Megakaryoblast

 

63.Blood analysis of a healthy adult man revealed 3% of some blood formed elements. What formed elements have this characteristic?

Neutrophils

2. Basophils

3. Eosinophils

4. Lymphocytes

5. Platelets

 

 

65. A patient complains of pain in the abdomen. It is determined that the pain was a result of large substances passing between cells that line the intestinal lumen directly into the underlying connective tissue. Which of the following types of junctions were absent or not completely functional?

A. Zonulae occludens

B. Maculae adherens

C. Zonulae adherens

D. Gap junctions

E. Hemidesmosome

 

66. Junctions are essential in maintaining the close association of the cells within the epidermis. Which of the following junctions in maintaining cell adherence in all layers of the epidermis?

A. Maculae adherens

b. Gap junctions

c. Hemidesmosome

d. Zonulae adherens

e. Zonulae occludens

 

67. Which of the following proteins aids in maintaining the close association of the cells of the epidermis of the skin

A. Intermediate filaments

b. Occludins

c. Cadherins

d. Vinculin

e. Collagen

 

68. Simple squamous epithelium is prevalent throughout the body and organ systems, which of the following is a primary function of this type of epithelium.

A. Lubrication

B. Secretion

c. Adsorption

d. Protection

e. Excretion

 

69. A biopsy of the urinary bladder is done in a patient who has complained of lower abdominal pain. In the pathologist’s report, the luminal epithelium is described as normal. What type of epithelium did the pathologist observe?

a. Transitional epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium

b. Simple squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

c. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

d. Simple columnar epithelium

 

70. Microvilli are essential components of epithelial cells of the small intestine. Which of the following functions would be defective resulting from a lack of microvilli on epithelia?

A. Absorption

b. Stretching

c. Movement

d. Protection

e. Secretion

 

71. The layer of cells that lines the outer surface of the lungs can be irritated by inhaled asbestos particles. These cells can become cancerous and lethal. Which of the following is the cell layer being described?

A. Loose connective tissue

b. Dense regular connective tissue

c. Brown adipose tissue

d. Dense irregular connective tissue

e. Embryonic tissue

 

74. What type of epithelium normally lines the lumen of the trachea?

A.Plasma cell

b.Macrophage

c.Fibroblast

d.Mast cell

e.Brown adipose cell

 

76. Which of the following provides a primary structural network in hematopoietic organs?

A. Mast cell

b. Plasma cell

c. Fibroblast

d. Macrophage

e. Adipose cell

 

79. Which of the following types of collagen is the most widely distributed and abundant within the body?

A. Type I collagen

b. Type II collagen

c. Type III collagen

d. Type IV collagen

e. Type V collagen

 

80. Immunocytochemistry is performed on a tissue section using an antibody specific for type IV collagen. The investigator notes staining within an organ that contains abundant and varied connective tissue. Which of the following would be identified by the antibody to type IV collagen?

A. Basal lamina

b. Reticular fibers

c. Elastic fibers

d. Loose connective tissue

e. Adipose cells

 

81. Which of the following microscopically best characterizes brown fat cells?

a. Multiple droplets of lipid

b. Lack of mitochondria

c. Peripheral flattened nucleus

d. Abundant RER

e. Poor blood supply.

 

82. Which of the following provide the nutrients to mature chondrocytes?

A. Collagen

b. Isogenous groups

c. Lacunas

d. Chondrocytic processes

e. Perichondrium

 

85. Chondroblasts are derived from which of the following cell types?

A. Mesenchymal cells

b. ibroblasts

c. Proliferating chondrocytes

d. Cells within isogenous groups

e. Cells of the perichondrium

 

86. Which of the following best characterizes hyaline cartilage?

A. Abundant matrix

b. No perichondrium

c. Single chondrocytes

d. Found between vertebral bodies

e. Least resilient of all forms of cartilage

87. Elastic cartilage is found in which of the following body structures?

A. Epiglottis

b. Intervertebral discs

c. Tracheal rings

d. Cartilage at pubic symphysis

e. Costal cartilage

 

88. Which of the following organelles plays an essential role in the sulfation of glycosaminoglycans within chondrocytes?

A. Golgi apparatus

b. Polyribosomes

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. Ribosomes associated with the nuclear envelope

 

89. Within compact bone, which of the following form connections between Haversian systems?

A. Volkmann’s canals

b. Howship’s lacuna

c. Canaliculi

d. Lacunae

e. Cement lines

 

90. Cessation of growth at which of the following sites would result in no further longitudinal growth of long bones.

A. Epiphyseal plate

b. Endosteum

c. Primary center of ossification

d. Secondary center of ossification

e. Diaphysis

 

91. A blood analysis of your patient shows an increased level of parathyroid hormone. Which of the following would result from increased levels of this hormone?

A. Calcitonin

b. Vitamin D

c. Bone morphogenic protein

d. Osterprotegerin

e. Somatrophin

 

93. Osteoclasts would be found at which of the following sites in bone?

A. Howship’s lacuna

b. Haversian canal

c. Canaliculi

d. Endosteum

e. Periosteum

 

94. Bone of a 75-year-old man shows a decreased number of osteoblasts. However, the number of osteoclasts is greatly increased. This individual’s bones are easily fractured. Which of the following disease conditions would you expect?

A. Osteoporosis

b. Osteoartrosis

c. Osteopetrosis

d. Osteochondrosis

e. Rickets

 

95. The hormone calcitonin acts directly inhibited on which of the following cell types?

A. Osteoclasts

b. Osteocytes

c. Osteoblasts

d. Chondroblasts

e. Chondrocytes

 

96. At which of the following sites in bone would you find osteoblasts during active deposition of new bone matrix?

A. Surface of bone

b. Haversian canal

c. Lacuna

d. Periosteum

e. Canaliculi

 

97. In which of the following bone sites are canaliculi found?

A. Compact bone

b. Perichondrium

c. Bone marrow

d. Newly mineralized bone matrix

e. Howship’s lacuna

SPECIAL TISSUE

98.. Breaking architectonics in a somite region near to an endoderm and notochord is found during biopsy examination of embryonic material. Disorders of what tissues or organs will be?

A. Skeletal tissues

B. Urogenital system

C. Striated skeletal muscle

D. Striated cardiac muscle

E. Fibrillar connective tissue of a skin

 

99..In traumatological hospital, the patient with damage of muscles of the inferior extremity is supplied. Due to what cells reparation of muscle filaments and regeneration of function of muscles is possible?

A. Satellite cells

B. Myoepithelial cells

C. Myofibroblasts

D. Fibroblasts

E. Myoblasts

 

100.. At formation of a muscle tissue in an embryogenesis process of fusion of myoblasts in myosyncithium is quenched. What tissue development will be disturbed? 

A. A skeletal muscle tissue  

B. A muscle tissue derivate of neural tube 

C. A muscle tissue derivate of ectoderm 

D. A smooth muscle tissue derivate of mesenchyme 

E. A cardiac muscle tissue

 

101. At examination of a striated muscle fiber after a mechanical trauma destruction of thick myofilaments is observed. Where pathological modifications if filaments will be studied in polarized light will be localized? 

A. In A band

B. In I band                                                                                                                                                                                              

C. In half of A-band

D. In A band and in I band 

E. In half of I band

 

102. At examination of a striated muscle fiber after treatment of hydrolyses enzymes destruction of thin myofilaments is observed. What supermolecular structures have tested damage? 

A. Actin myofilaments  

B. Myosin myofilaments 

C. Tonofibrils                                                                                                                                                                                            

D. Tropocollagin complexes

E. Nucleoprotein complexes

 

103. During an operative measure at the patient the part of a small intestine is removed. Due to what elements regeneration of a muscular layer is possible?

A. Smooth muscle cells

B. Мyosyncithium

C. Adipose cells

D. Satellite cells

E. Fibrocytes

 

104. Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration of the muscle function possible?

A. Satellite-cells

B. Myoepithelial cells

C. Myoblasts

D. Myofibroblasts

E. Fibroblasts

 

105. At the patient the tremor and convulsions that is caused by breaking of nerve fibers myelination of a central nervous system is observed. Function of what cells suffers at this disease?

A. Olygodendrocytes

B. Fibrillar astrocytes

C. Ependymal cells

D. Protoplasmatic astrocytes

E. Microglial cells

 

106. In what cells during life the mitosis is not observed, and the quantitative content DNA remains to stationary values?

A. In neurones

B. In hemopoietic

C. In striated muscle fiber

D. In smooth muscle          

E. In an epidermis

 

107 At patient with a chronic alcoholism disturbance of coordination of movements and equilibrium owing to morphologic disturbances in cerebellum. Damage of what cerebellar cells we can suppose at a first head?

       A. Purkinje cells

       B. Basket cells

       C. Golgi cells

       D. Pyramidal cells

       E. Stellate cells

 

108. Some nervous system organ is presented in histological section. It contains capsule, connective tissue layers that extend from the capsule. Bipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons are located bellow capsule. Peryikaryons of this neurons are surrounded by glial cells. Center of organ contains neurons processes. What organ is it?

A. Bets

B. Purkinje

C. Golgi

D. Nissle`s

E. Paneth`s

 

110. In human embryo neural tube neuroepithelial ectodermic cells differentiate into neuroblasts and gliablasts. Owing to migration of these cells some zones (layers) are formed in neural tube. Which of the following zone is where bodies of neuroblasts locate in?

A. Smooth muscle tissue

B. Striated skeletal muscle tissue

C. Striated cardiac muscle tissue

D. Myoepithelial cells

E. Satellite cells

 

112. The patient with complaints of pain in eyes, which have arisen after duration stay of the patient in a field during dust burs, converted to the ophthalmologist. The doctor has established the surface damages of a cornea epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the defective epithelium?

A. Cells stratum basale

B. Cells of a stratum corneum

C. Cells of a stratum granulosum

D. Cells of a stratum lucidum

E. Superficial cells

 

113.In traumatological hospital, the patient with damage of muscles of the inferior extremity is supplied. Due to what cells reparation of muscle filaments and regeneration of function of muscles is possible?

A. Satellite cells

B. Myoepithelial cells

C. Myofibroblasts

D. Fibroblasts

E. Myoblasts

 

114. At formation of a muscle tissue in an embryogenesis process of fusion of myoblasts in myosyncithium is quenched. What tissue development will be disturbed? 

A. A skeletal muscle tissue

B. A muscle tissue derivate of neural tube 

C. A muscle tissue derivate of ectoderm 

D. A smooth muscle tissue derivate of mesenchyme 

E. A cardiac muscle tissue

 

115. At examination of a striated muscle fiber after a mechanical trauma destruction of thick myofilaments is observed. Where pathological modifications if filaments will be studied in polarized light will be localized? 

A. In A band

B. In I band                                                                                                                                                                                              

C. In half of A-band

D. In A band and in I band 

E. In half of I band

 

116. At examination of a striated muscle fiber after treatment of hydrolyses enzymes destruction of thin myofilaments is observed. What super molecular structures have tested damage? 

A. Actin myofilaments

B. Myosin myofilaments 

C. Tonofibrils                                                                                                                                                                                            

D. Tropocollagin complexes

E. Nucleoprotein complexes

 

117. During an operative measure at the patient the part of a small intestine is removed. Due to what elements regeneration of a muscular layer is possible?

A. Smooth muscle cells

B. Мyosyncithium

C. Adipose cells

D. Satellite cells

E. Fibrocytes

 

118. Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration of the muscle function possible?

A. Satellite-cells

B. Myoepithelial cells

C. Myoblasts

D. Myofibroblasts

E. Fibroblasts

 

119. At the patient the tremor and convulsions that is caused by breaking of nerve fibers myelination of a central nervous system is observed. Function of what cells suffers at this disease?

A. Olygodendrocytes

B. Fibrillar astrocytes

C. Ependymal cells

D. Protoplasmatic astrocytes

E. Microglial cells

 

120. In what cells during life the mitosis is not observed, and the quantitative content DNA remains to stationary values?

A. In neurones

B. In hemopoietic

C. In striated muscle fiber

D. In smooth muscle          

E. In an epidermis

 

121. At patient with a chronic alcoholism disturbance of coordination of movements and equilibrium owing to morphologic disturbances in cerebellum. Damage of what Cerebellar cells we can suppose at a first head.

A. Purkinje cells

B. Basket cells

C. Golgi cells

D. Pyramidal cells

E. Stellate cells

 

122. Some nervous system organ is presented in histological section. It contains capsule, connective tissue layers that extend from the capsule. Bipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons are located bellow capsule. Peryikaryons of these neurons are surrounded by glial cells. Center of organ contains neurons processes. What organ is it?

A. Bets

B. Purkinje

C. Golgi

D. Nissle`s

E. Paneth`s

 

124. In human embryo neural tube neuroepithelial ectodermal cells differentiate into neuroblasts and gliablasts. Owing to migration of these cells some zones (layers) are formed in neural tube. Which of the following zone is where bodies of neuroblasts locate in?

A. Myoepicardial plate

B. Myotome

C. Endoderm

D. Ectoderm

E. Mesenchyme

 

126. Under the influence of long vibration and a motion in motor regions of cortex brain occurs a gliolis – phagocytosis of damaged neurons by neuroglial cells. What neuroglia participates in this process?

A. Microglia cells

B. Protoplasmatic astrocytes

C. Oligodendrocytes                                                                                                                                                                                 

D. Ependymal cells

E. Fibrous astrocytes

 

127. At a combustion of a skin the patient feels a strong pain. Processes of what neurons first conduct pain nervous impulse in central nervous system?

A. Pseudounipolar neurons

B. Bipolar neurons

C. Unipolar neurons

D. Multipolar neurons

E. Purkinje neurons

 

128. At a brain injury are defected glial cells, which meet in gray matter to central nervous system more often. What is the name of these cells? 

 A. Protoplasmic astrocytes

 B. Oligodendrocytes 

 C. Microglia 

 D. Fibrous astrocytes

 E. Ependymal cells

 

129. In skeletal muscle fibers, which of the following would exhibit ATPase activity?

A. Myosin filaments

b. Actin filaments

c. Troponin

d. T-tubule system

e.  Tropomyosin

 

130. Dense bodies within smooth muscle fibers most closely associate with which of the following components of skeletal muscle?

A. Z line

b. A band

c. I band

d. H band

e. M line

 

131.Which of the following best characterizes a cardiac muscle fiber?

A. Intercalated disks

b. Multiple nuclei

c. Lack of striations

d.Spindle shaped fiber

e. Myoneural junctions

 

132. Which of the following events occur during the process of contraction of skeletal muscle?

A. I band

b. H band

c. A band

d. M band

e. At the junction of the A band and I band

 

135. Which of the following molecules is found within the groove created by actin filaments?

A. Tropomyosin

b. Troponin I

c. Myosin

d. Dystrophin

e. Alpha Actinin

 

136. What is the function of the T tubule system in skeletal muscle?

a. Regulates Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. Stores Ca2+

c. Provides channel for Ca2+ movement with muscle

d. Wraps individual muscle fibers to form a fascicle

e. Site of attachment of actin filaments

 

A. Mesothelium

B. Endothelium

C. Transitional epithelium

D. Simple columnar epithelium

E. Simple cuboidal epithelium

 

2.Differentiation of cells within some type of hematopoiesis is accompanied by a nucleus extrusion. What cell type is characterized by such morphologic changes?

       A. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast (normoblast)

       B. Polychromatophilic erythroblast

       C. Basophilic erythroblast

       D. Monoblast

E. Megakaryoblast

 

3.Blood analysis of a healthy adult man revealed 3% of some blood formed elements. What formed elements have this characteristic?

       A. Eosinophils, band neutrophils

       B. Band neutrophils, lymphocytes

       C. Eosinophils, lymphocytes

       D. Eosinophils, mature neutrophils

       E. Lymphocytes, monocytes

 

4. A patient with leukosis has disturbance of some type of hematopoiesis. This type has next characteristic: antigen independent and antigen dependent phases, blastic transformation, clonal expansion, recirculation. What type of hematopoiesis has enumerated features?

       A. Lymphocytopoiesis

       B. Granulopoiesis

       C. Erythropoiesis

       D. Monopoiesis

       E.Thrombopoiesis

 

 5. A patient suffers from epithelial tumor of the right extrapulmonary bronchus. What morphologic type of epithelium gave rise to tumor?

       A. Simple columnar pseudostratified

       B. Simple squamous

       C. Simple cuboidal

       D. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

       E. Transitional

 

6. Compression of umbilical cord took place. But blood circulation between fetus and maternal organism happened normally. What morphologic components of the umbilical cord promoted to this?

       A. Mucuous tissue

       B. Allantois residue

       C. Tunic of umbilical arteries

       D. Tunic of umbilical vein

       E. Yolk sac residue

 

7.There is connecting with the gut vesicle is visible on the histologic micropreparation. It is an extraembryonic organ. Primordial germ cells and erythroblasts (megaloblasts) are located in its wall. What organ is this?

A. Yolk sac

B. Allantois

C. Placenta

D. Umbilical cord

 E. Amnion

 

8.The primary function of brown adipose tissue is

A. To produce heat

B. To store unilocular energy

C. To produce hormons

D. To mobilize lipid for export as fatty acide

E. To initiate the shivering-induced mobilization of lipids

 

9. After birth, growth in the length of long bones occurs primarily through

A. Interstitial growth of cartilage cells in the epiphysial plate

B. Increased bone deposition under the periosteum

C. The action of osteoblasts in the primary ossification center

D. The action of osteoblasts in the secondary ossification center

E. Appositional grows from the periphery

 

10. The microscopic examination of wound lavage of a patient with acute woundy process of his shin revealed big contents of irregular extended-formed cells, with tough nucleus, the basophilic cytoplasm of which includes many Lysosomes, phagosomes and pinocytotic bubbles. What cells are found out in the wound?

A. Connective tissue macrophages

B. Fibroblasts

C. Plasmocytes

D. Tissue basophils

E. Fibrocytes

 

 

11. After the radioactive exposure a patient has haematopoietic stem cells disorder. The regeneration of what cells of loose connective tissue will be damaged?

A. Macrophages

B. Fibroblasts

C. Adipocytes

D. Pericytes

E. Pigment cells

 

12. What parameter of a blood analysis most probably testifies the presence in an organism of an acute inflammation?

A. Ascending an amount of neutrophilic leucocytes

B. Ascending an amount of reticulocytes

C. Ascending an amount of thrombocytes

D. Decrease of an amount of basophilous leucocytes

E. Decrease of an amount of monocytes

 

13. At study of a blood smear of the person with presence of inflammatory process it is possible to see a great number of spherical cells with a segmented nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm and shallow pink-violet granules in the cytoplasm. What blood cells are these?

A. Neutrophilic granulocytes

B. Erythrocytes

C. Eosinophilic granulocytes

D. Basophilous granulocytes

E. Lymphocytes

 

14. In a blood smear of the person who suffers an allergy, it is possible to see a great number of spherical cells with a segmented nucleus, weakly basophilic cytoplasm and major brightly pink granules in cytoplasm. What blood cells type is in the smear?

A. Eosinophilic granulocytes

B. Erythrocytes

C. Neutrophilic granulocytes

D. Basophilous granulocytes

E. Lymphocytes

 

15. After a bite of a bee in 12 hours allergic appearances on a skin (the edema, an itch) have disappeared. It is known, that one of mediators of an allergy is histamine. What blood cells have taken part in elimination of excess of histamine in a place of a bite?

A. Eosinophils

B. Neutrophils

C. Basophils

D. Lymphocytes

E. Monocytes

 

16. Punctuate hemorrhage was found our in the patient after application of a tourniquet. With dysfunction of what blood cells is it connected?

A. Platelets

B. Monocytes

C. Eosinophils

D. Neutrophils

E. Lymphocytes

 

17. At survey of the patient the poor amount of immunoglobulins has been detected. What from the enumerated cells of an immune system produce immunoglobulins?

A. Plasma cells (plasmocytes)

B. Plasmablasts

C. Т-killers cells

D. T-helper cells

E. T-suppressor cells

 

18. It is known, that plasma cells produce specific antibodies on the given antigen. At injection of an antigen the amount of plasmocytes increases. Due to what blood cells the augmentation of number of plasmocytes is carried out.

A .B-cells

B. Eosinophils

C. Neutrophils

D. Basophils

E. T lymphocytes

 

19. At the patient after transplantation of heterologous renal transplant the response of a casting-off has developed. What basic effector cells participate in the given immunological response?

A. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

B. T-helper cells

C. T-suppressor cells

D. Plasmocytes

E. В-plasmocytes

 

20. At survey frequently sick child the poor amount of immunoglobulins has been detected. Which of the enumerated cells of an immune system produce immunoglobulins?

A. Plasma cells

B. T-helper cells

C. Macrophages

D. Plasmablasts

E. T-suppressor cells

 

21. In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of T and B-lymphocytes are not changed. Defect with dysfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable.

A. Macrophages, B-cells

B. NK-cells

C. T-lymphocytes

D. Fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes

E.0-lymphocytes

 

22. Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue can be expected?