IV. Подберите русские эквиваленты для следующих пословиц. Определите степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий в них.

1. Years teach more than books.

2. He laughs best who laughs last.

3. Easier said than done.

4. Actions speak louder than words.

5. False friends are worse than open enemies.

6. The greatest talkers are the least doers.

7. A man is as old as he feels and a woman is as old as she looks.

 

Причастие

	Active	Passive	Переводится
Participle I (Ving1)	writing	being written	1) причастие с суффиксами -ущ,-ющ, -ащ, -ящ, -вш, -ш; 2) деепричастием с суффиксами -а, -я, -ав, -ив; 3) глаголом в личной форме в придаточном определительном или обстоятельственном предложении; 4) «при»+ существительное.
Participle 2 (Ved2 or V3)	–	written	1) причастием страдательного залога с суффиксами -нн, -м, -т, -ш, -вш; 2) глаголом в личной форме в обстоятельственном придаточном предложении; 3) «при» + существительное.
Perfect Participle	having written	having been written	1) деепричастием совершенного вида; 2) глаголом в личной форме в обстоятельственном придаточном предложении.

 

V. Сравните формы и перевод причастий I и II в разных функциях:

а) определения, стоящего перед определяемым словом:

(the) examining student (the) increasing number of students (the) training specialists (the) degree-awarding body (the) qualifying exam

(the)examined student (the) increased number of students (the) trained specialists (the) awarded qualification (the) qualified teacher

 

б) определения, стоящего после определяемого слова:

1. First students studying English can speak it rather well. 2. The student defending graduation project is my friend.   3. The students translating this article use dictionaries.

1. Do you remember the texts studied last year? 2. The thesis defended by the post-graduate is of great importance for our work. 3. The article translated by this student is very difficult.

 

в) обстоятельства:

1. Translating the article in a hurry I made mistakes. 2. (When) training students from developing countries we help them to rise their economy. 3. Having finished the test he put down the results.

1. Translated in a hurry the article contained many mistakes. 2. (When) trained in our country foreign students get high qualification. 3. Having been translated the article may be used for our report.

 

г) части сказуемого:

1. The students were taking the exams for a month. 2. She will be working at her article all day long tomorrow.

1. They had passed the exams by the end of June and were given a rest.

 

VI. Переведите предложения с местоимением «it» в разных функциях. Определите, является ли оно:

а) личным местоимением,

б) указательным местоимением «это»,

в) формальным подлежащим,

г) частью усилительной конструкции “It is (was)... that (who, when)... ”, переводимой словами: «Именно...», «Это...», «Только...», «Как раз...»

1. It is a new subject. It is very important for our speciality. We shall study it for two years.

2. What is it? – It is the article that you asked me to bring. – Is it easy? – No, it isn’t. It is difficult to translate it into Russian without a dictionary.

3. It was in Shakespeare’s time when English was not so widely spread.

4. It seems that he will pass the entrance exams well.

5. It was important to solve this problem. It occupied our thoughts for hours.

6. It was D.I.Mendeleyev who published the Periodic Law.

7. It is with the help of radio and TV that we receive most of information.

8. It is never too late to learn (proverb).

9. It is easy to be wise after the event (proverb).

 

VII. Переведите предложения со словом «one» в разных функциях. Определите, является ли оно в следующих предложениях:

а) числительным «один»,

б) местоимением в качестве слова-заместителя,

в) местоимением в качестве формального подлежащего.

1. When one doesn’t know grammar, one often makes mistakes.

2. These new text-books are better than the old ones.

3. The first exercise was easy, but the one you are doing now is very difficult.

4. One man doesn’t make a team (proverb).

5. One today is worth two tomorrows (proverb).

 

 

Text 2a

 

Задание 1. Переведите следующие однокоренные слова.

 

a) глагол +

-ment -tion -sion

= существительное

Model: to examine – проверять, экзаменовать

examination – экзамен

to admit – admission; to apply – application;

to submit – submission; to select – selection;

to regulate – regulation; to qualify– qualification.

 

b) существительное + al    = прилагательное

Model: tradition – традиция

traditional – традиционный

profession – professional; office – official; finance – financial.

 

c) прилагательное + ly   = наречие

Model: scientific – научный

scientifically – научно

high – highly; professional – professionally; different – differently.

 

Задание 2. Прочтите и переведите слова, сходные по звучанию, но имеющие разные значения:

universe/university; institute/institution; science/since;
to found/to fund; course/coarse; thesis/this is;
academic/academy/academician/academe/academicial.

 

Задание 3. Прочитайте и запомните произношения следующих слов:

authorities [ɔ:’Ɵɔritiz], alternate [‘ɔ:ltə:neit], budget [‘bʌdʒit], council [kaunsl], civic [‘sivik], existence [iɡ’zistəns], maintain [men’tein],
per cent [pə’sent], financial [fai’nænʃəl], although [ɔ:l’ðou],
self-governing [self’ɡʌvəniɳ], qualification [,kwɔlifi’keiʃn], curriculum [kə’rikjuləm], bachelor [‘bætʃələ], master [‘ma:stə], award [ə’wɔ:d], further [‘fə:ðə], regulation [,reɡju’leiʃn].

 

Задание 4. Найдите в списке В русские эквиваленты английских слов из списка А:

A. Institution, source, admission, selection, application, to submit, self-governing, regulation, curriculum, degree, to award, to fund, council, to alternate, employment, body, to maintain, to describe, polytechnic.

В. Источник, поддерживать, прием (в учебное заведение), самоуправляющийся(-емый), правило, политехнический институт, описывать (характеризовать), степень, работа (служба), финансировать, чередовать, орган (учреждение), совет, присуж-дать, отбор, представлять (на рассмотрение), заявление, учебный план, учреждение.

 

Задание 5. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

higher educational institution, institute of higher education; come into existence; application for admission; independent and self-governing institution; teacher-training college; degree course; “sandwich” course; submission of a thesis; to be funded by the state; higher education sector; full-time employment.