What are the functions of operating system?

What are the most common operating systems for PC?

Is it possible to change or upgrade OS?

What are the main features of graphical user interface?

When was the Windows operating system created?

How does Linux differ from other operating systems?

Ex 2. Define whether these words are nouns or adjectives according to their suffixes.

Pointer

Useless

Popularity

Informative

Equipment

Logical

Possible

Creation

Difference

Ex 3. Group the words into pairs of antonyms.

To allow, useful, similar, modern, to appear, input, to turn off, outside, to disappear, useless, to forbid, obsolete, inside, output, to turn on, different

Ex. 4 Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Computer databases are being used extensively in the drug-detecting tests.

2. Images and texts have been formed by combining a large number of pixels.

3. Microcomputers are referred to as PCs.

4. The power and performance of a computer is partly determined by the speed of its processor.

5. Owing to the modern Braille keyboard, the blind users were allowed to easily identify each key.

6. Clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz).

 

Ex. 5 Use the Passive Voice in the following sentences according to the model.

MODEL: They always ask him difficult questions. – He is always asked difficult questions.

1. We usually use a computer for word processing and surfing the Internet.

2. IT experts have doubled storage capacity of the hard disk.

3. The BIOS (basic input/output system) uses ROM (read only memory) to control communication with peripherals.

4. The main memory holds the instructions and data.

5. They sent for the computer expert.

6. The CPU is currently processing the instructions and data.

Ex. 6 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. На его результаты ссылаются в статье.

2. Эта работа будет сделана к 5 часам вечера.

3. Какая информация теряется при выключении компьютера?

4. Мышь широко используется в графике и дизайне.

5. Это программное обеспечение было названо операционной системой.

6. Эту проблему уже обсудили.

 

Unit 6

Read and translate the text.?

The Internet

The Internet is a worldwide information system consisting of countless networks and computers, which allow millions of people to share information and data. Thanks to the Internet it is_; now possible for people, all over the world to communicate with one another in a fast and cheap way.

The Internet was first invented in the 1960s in the USA by the Department of Defence as an | internal project to linkcomputers. The Department wanted an extremely safe way of sending messages in case of nuclear attack. It was a British physicist, Sir Timothy Berners-Lee, who used it to make information available to everyone and created the most important media of the 21^st century. In 1980 while working at CERN in Geneva - the largest particle physics laboratory in the world - he first thought of using hypertext to share and update information among researchers.

Then in 1 989-90 he produced a plan to link hypertext to the Internet to create the World Wide Web. He designed and built the fiPst site browser and editor, as well as the first web server called httpd (Hypertext Trasfer Protocol Deamon). Hypertext is the words or chains of words in a text we can click on to be linked to new sites whose content is related to the words.

But how does this global system work? It is a network, of people and information linked together by telephone lines which are connected to computers. The applications are based on a client/server relationship, in which your computer is the client and a remote computer is the server. All you need to join this system is a computer, a normal telephone line, a modem and an account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP), a company that provides access to the Internet.

A user buys a subscription to a service provider, which gives him an identifying username, a password and an email address. With a computer and a modem, the user can connect to the service provider's computer which gives access to many services, such as WWW (world wide web), emails and FTP (file transfer protocol).

Web browsers have made the internet easy enough for anyone to use. With relatively cheap personal computers and the benefits of broadband, more than a billion people are using it.

Now that internet access is becoming popular on mobile phones, the next billion users should be online fairly soon.

The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.

No one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or organization controls the Internet in its entirety. The Internet is more of a concept than an actual tangible entity, and it relies on a physical infrastructure that connects networks to other networks.

Glossary

Countless – бесчисленный

To link – связывать

Available – доступный

To share – делиться

Account – счет

To join – присоединиться

tangible entity зд. – нечто материальное

content – содержание

Ex 1. Answer the questions.

What is the Internet?

When was it invented?

What was the contribution of Sir Timothy Berners -Lee to the creation of WWW?