Переведите текст 10.5. без словаря .

Т EXT

GENERAL DYNAMICS F-16 FIGHTING FALCON

Primary Mission: Counter Air / Ground Attack

 

Starting as a small technology demonstrator, the F-16 swiftly matured into a brilliantly capable multirole fighter. In January 1975 the F-16 was selected as a major type for the USAF inventory, suddenly transforming it from a mere demo program to a 2,795 aircraft program for worldwide deployment. The largest user of the F-16 is the 388^th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill AFB*, Thunderbirds demonstration team.

 

· Crew: pilot (A and C models)

             pilot and co-pilot (B and D models)

· Powerplant: 1 Pratt and Whitney F-100-200 turbofan rated at 23,840 lbs of thrust

· Max Level Speed: Mach 2.05

· Range: 340 miles (tactical radius)

· Design G limits: +9/-3

· Armament: 1 M61AI 20 mm gun

                    Mk 82 bombs

                    Mk 84 GP bomb (2000 lbs.)

                    AIM-9L / J Sidewinder

                    AIM-12A AMRAAM*

* Notes:

     AFB = Air Force Base - авиационная база ВВС

   AMRAAM = Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile - усовершенствованная ракета класса “воздух- воздух” средней дальности

 

Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык.

 

1. Морская цель уничтожена гидросамолетами.

2. Основными частями всех типов самолетов являются: фюзеляж, хвостовое оперение, шасси и двигатель.

3. Основными авиационными двигателями являются: поршневой, турбовинтовой, турбореактивный и др.

4. Управление рулевыми поверхностями осуществляется из кабины летчика с помощью ручки управления или ножных педалей.

LESSON 11

Naval Aviation

ACTIVE TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS

to spot                                                                                                 

to buoy                                       

to embark                                      

obsolescent                               

arrester wire                                 

a port                                      

A realignment

to slew                                       

concave   

to align                                     

Approach

Approach flight

Crash barrier                             

 

- корректировать стрельбу, обнару-

живать, наблюдать за результатом

стрельбы                 

- ставить бакены; поддерживать на

поверхности

- грузиться на корабль; отправиться

на корабле

- устаревающий, отживающий

- проволочное заграждение

- левый борт

-  перестройка, реконструкция

-  поворачиваться, кружиться

- вогнутый

- выстроить в линию, выровнять

-  заход на посадку, подход к зоне аэ-

родрома

-  траектория захода на посадку

-защитный экран (перегородка)

INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES

 

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты словосочетаний.

авианесущий крейсер, широкий спектр действий, корректировать стрельбу боевых кораблей, перевозить почту и плазму крови, сопровождать восстановленные суда в порт, доставить солдат с полным вооружением в заданное место за 12 мин., взлетать с палубы крейсера, схема взлетно-посадочной палубы, проволочные заграждения, защитный экран, расширение взлетно-посадочной палубы к левому борту, перестройка проволочных заграждений, угол (глиссады) захода на посадку, устройство палубы под углом 10.5 градусов, вогнутое зеркало, отражать траекторию захода на посадку, регулировать зеркало под разные траектории захода на посадку, ЛА и гиро – стабилизаторы.

 

TEXT

 

Naval Aviation

 

Since the earliest days of Naval aviation, an aircraft carrier always had at least one “planeguard” destroyer following close astern while she was operating her aircraft, ready to pick up aircrew after an accident. On “Thesus” final patrol off Korea early in 1951, the destroyer was replaced by a helicopter. In Korea, helicopters demonstrated the full range of their versatility. They not only rescued ditched or crashed aircrew, but evacuated wounded to hospital, acted as aerial staff cars carried mail or blood plasma to units in the line and ships at sea, spotted for bombarding ships, buoyed a crashed MiG in a river estuary and then guided recovery vessels to the spot.

The Royal Navy had become interested in helicopters during the World War II and the first Sikorsky R-4 Bs arrived from America in January 1945. The Navy Helicopter training squadron,705, formed in May 1947 to fly the Hoverfly I, as the R-4 B was named. But it was a primitive and under-power design. The Royal Navy’s fist “real” helicopter was the Sikorsky S.51, built by Westland under, as the Dragonfly.

The Royal Navy’s fist operational helicopter squadron 848, equipped with the Sikorsky S.55 the Whirlwind, was formed in October 1952 for operations in Malaya, where they arrived in January 1953 and transformed the tactical situation on the ground. One whirlwind could take five fully- equipped soldiers and them in 12 minutes to a position in the jungle which would have taken them 12 hours to reach on foot.

The first controlled landing by a true jet aircraft was made on 3 December 1945, off the Isle of Wight, when Lt Cdr “Winkle Brown  landed a Vampire I on “Ocean’s” flight deck. Two days of trials, with 15 take offs and landings, convinced the high –ranking spectators embarked that jet flying from carrier was feasible. The Royal Navy’s first operational jet was the 590 mph (950Kph) “Supermarine Attacker”, which began carrier trials in 1947. 800 squadron was equipped with “Attacker” F.ls in August 1951. the “Attacker” and the “Sa Fury” were both replaced in 1953 by the 560mph (900Kmh) “hawker Sea Hawk” jet fighter for anti-submarine warfare, the “Fairey Gannet” entered frontline service in 1955. The Royal Navy’s strike aircraft of the 1950s was the 308mph (611Kmh) “Westand Wyvern”.

Higher landing speeds and heavy aircraft made obsolescent and dangerous the traditional flight deck layout, with arrester wires, crash barriers and the forward half used as deck park for other aircraft.

The solution was simple: slew the direction of the approach and landing a little to port, so that an aircraft which missed the wires could put on the power, take off and go ground again. The first experiments were made by painting new line on the flight deck of “Triumph”. Further trials required an extension of the flight deck out to port and realignment of the arrester wires. After trials the angled deck was adapted for all carriers, first with a 5¹/₂ degree “interim” deck, then by a full 10¹/₂ degree angled deck.

The mirror landing aid, where by the pilot himself could monitor his own approach, consisted of a number of while lights, shining into the curved inner surface of a concave mirror. The pilot flew so as to keep this apparently horizontal line of white lights, aligned with green datum lights fixed on the sides of mirror. The pilot could see by the lights whether he was too high too low? Or correct. The “mirror” was adjustable, to give different flight approach paths different aircraft and gyro-stabilized, to compensate for the ship’s motion.

The “mirror” was introduced into service in 1954, the same yea as the third British flight-deck innovation of the 1950s, the steam catapult, that worked by using steam from the ship’s min boilers.

“Ark Royal”, commissioned in 1955, was the first British carrier to have operational stream catapult.

 

EXERCISES

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How many “plane guard” destroyers had an aircraft carrier since the earliest days        of  Naval aviation?                                            

2. What was the purpose of the aircraft carrier at that?

3. What happened on the “Thesus” during its final patrol off by Korea?

4. Why was such modification done?

5. When did the first Sikorsky R-4 arrive to the Royal Navy?

6. What were its characteristics?

7. What was the Sikorsky S-51?

8. What was the first operational squadron 848 equipped with?

9. What were its characteristics?

10. What was on 3 December 1945 off the Isle of White made?

11. What was the traditional deck layout considered?

12. What was the first solution of the point?

13. What did further trials require?

14. How could a pilot monitor his own approach?

15. What were other innovations on the aircrafts?