Consumers, improve, products, to be aware

 

1 To know about something.

2 To make better or more perfect.

3 People who buy goods or services.

4 Anything produced as a result of work.

 

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

1 Эту работу нельзя сделать в такой короткий срок.

2 Эти документы следовало бы послать в министерство вчера.

3 Мы смогли перевести все товары в течение десяти дней.

4 Может быть, он и вернулся в Москву, но я его еще не видел.

5 Ему нужно напомнить об этом.

 

5 Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

 

1 Upon receiving the charterer's orders he communicated them to the captain of the vessel.

2 The cost of repairing the damage sustained by the steamer through being delayed in the ice is estimated at 4,000 roubles.

3 The steamer went to Odessa for certain repairs before proceeding to her port of loading

4 There is little likelihood of the goads remaining unsold after the 15th of September.

5 In the event of the steamer being ordered to three port of discharge, the rate of freight will be increased by one shilling per ton.

 

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

1 Она выпила чашку горячего чая перед тем, как легла спать.

2 Было холодно, так как солнце еще не взошло.

3 Этот вопрос еще не решен.

4 На эти сведения можно положиться.

5 Когда я получил эту телеграмму, я показал ее директору.

 

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and functions of participles:

 

1 Seeing her he raised his hat.

2 Signing the letter the manager gave it to the secretary asking her to send it off at once.

3 Informed of the arrival of the vessel, they sent their agent to the port.

4 Being told of his arrival, I went to see him.

5 Having been three times seriously wounded he was no longer fit for active service.

 

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1 By the time he is thirty he (to become) a great musician.

2 He (to shrug) his shoulders, (to shake) his head, but (to say) nothing.

3 She (to frighten) by a loud noise in the street.

4 He very much wanted to go to the Far East as he never (to be) there.

5 The documents not (to sign) yet by the manager.

 

9 Translate the following sentences into English using infinitives:

 

1 Сегодня слишком холодно, чтобы обедать в саду.

2 Он писал диктант очень внимательно, чтобы не сделать ошибок.

3 Он лег на диван, чтобы отдохнуть немного.

4 Первая партия готова к отгрузке, но, чтобы сэкономить на фрахте, мы решили отгрузить ее вместе со второй партией.

5 Пожалуйста, пришлите нам ваши инструкции немедленно, чтобы дать нам возможность отгрузить машины к 20-му мая.

 

 

10 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

 

1 A railway line connects the village with the town.

2 We have to do this work every day.

3 They pay him regularly.

4 Many facts accounted for the rise in the price of tin.

5 You should refer to this quotation more often.

 

 

VARIANT 6

 

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

 

Marketing

Generally speaking the basic function of marketing is to determine the needs of the customers and then tо satisfy them, thus, bringing profit to the firm.

Marketing research collects and analyses information to help manager make decisions. It covers trends of the market, demand and supply, analysis of the product for sale and of the product produced by competing firms.

Export promotion means economic and political publicity, advertising, personal selling, fairs, exhibitions and sales-promotion.

Advertising informs people about the new product, gives its characteristics, persuades people to buy it.

Personal selling means personal contacts between the seller and prospective buyer. In other words it means collecting contacts.

Public relations are to show the reliability of the firm, its respectful attitude to the clients, the high quality of its products and specialists working in it. They also mean the presentation of films and booklets on the history and achievements of the firm, as well as special radio and TV programmers’.

 

2 Answer the following questions:

 

1 What are the basic functions of marketing?

2 Why is advertising needed?

3 What is the importance of public relations?

 

3 Match the words with their definitions:

 

AVALIABLE, TO BE AWARE, ADVANTAGES, MARKETING

 

1 To know about something.

2 Anything favorable to success.

3 Sales promotion.

4 At one's disposal, something one can obtain.

 

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

 

1 Эту работу нельзя сделать в такой короткий срок.

2 Эти документы следовало бы послать в министерство вчера.

3 Мы смогли перевести все товары в течение десяти дней.

4 Может быть, он и вернулся в Москву, но я его еще не видел.

5 Ему нужно напомнить об этом.

 

 

5 Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

1 The storm prevented the ship from reaching the port in time.

2 Have you the means of helping him now?

3 He did not like being read to.

4 There is a probability of Petrov’s being sent to Moscow.

5 We insisted on the goods being packed in double bags.

 

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

 

1 Он хорошо изучил английский язык до того, как поехал в Англию.

2 Когда я вошел, он положил книгу на стол и встал, чтобы приветствовать меня.

3 Когда вы позвонили по телефону, работа была только что закончена.

4 Соглашение было достигнуто после долгих переговоров.

5 Машинистка еще не напечатала всех писем, когда я пришел.

 

 

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and functions of participles:

1 You can get the book recommended by our teacher in the library.

2 He asked her to go on with her story; promising not to interrupt her again.

3 Not receiving any letters from her father, she sent him a telegram.

4 Having arranged everything, he went home by the 10.30 train.

5 The steamer now being unloaded by the workers will leave the port tomorrow morning.

 

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

 

1 The ship (to go) to the north when a storm (to break) out.

2 By this time next year you (to graduate) from the Institute.

3 The event (to report) by the newspapers before they arrived home.

4 They (to drive) at about forty miles an hour when the accident (to happen).

5 I am sure that his work (to complete) by the end of the month.

 

 

9 Translate the following sentences into English using infinitives:

 

1 Сегодня слишком холодно, чтобы обедать в саду.

2 Он писал диктант очень внимательно, чтобы не сделать ошибок.

3 Он лег на диван, чтобы отдохнуть немного.

4 Первая партия готова к отгрузке, но, чтобы сэкономить на фрахте, мы решили отгрузить ее вместе со второй партией.

5 Пожалуйста, пришлите нам ваши инструкции немедленно, чтобы дать нам возможность отгрузить машины к 20-му мая.

 

10 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1 The director has just signed the letter.

2 The accountant must check the invoice.

3 They granted the firm a long term credit.

4 Everybody looked at them when they entered the hall.

5 I am afraid that they will not arrive at an agreement.

 

VARIANT 7

 

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

 

Starting-up Financing

 

The young businessman must find sources of money that will last until revenue begins to exceed cash outflows. He must be creative in finding start-up funding. New small businesses can start with the businessman's own assets. On top of that, start-up financing may come from friends and relatives. The larger businesses can obtain funds from venture capital investors.

One of the personal assets the businessman can use to raise funds for the business is his home. The value of the home that the owner has paid for is called the owner's equity in the home. By pledging this, equity, the homeowner can obtain a second mortage or a home equity loan.

A businessman can find another source of start-up financing by a life insurance policy. Many policies build up cash surrender value - the money that the policy holder can borrow at a low interest rate.

Those who need more funds can obtain a variable rate installment loan. It is a personal loan with an interest rate tied to the prime rate or some other index. When the index changes the rate changes in the same direction.

 

2 Answer the following questions:

 

1 How long does the start up money have to last?

2 What money can small businesses start with?

3 What are the personal assets that can be used to raise start up funds?

 

3 Match the words with their definitions:

 

IMPROVE, TO CALL FOR, PROVIDED, ADVANTAGES

 

1 To demand, to require.

2 Anything favorable to success.

3 Under certain conditions.

4 To make better or more perfect.

 

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

 

1 Они смогли выполнить все условия договора.

2 Это письмо надо будет отослать немедленно.

3 Пароход должен был выйти из порта в понедельник, но из-за шторма ему пришлось остаться в порту до вторника.

4 Если бы все меры были приняты, этого могло бы не произойти.

5 Товары не надо посылать самолетом.

 

5 Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

 

1 The sellers were informed of the importance of preparing the goods for shipment immediately.

2 The steamer left the port without having taken sufficient bunker coal on board.

3 Extensions are being made tо the factory with a view to increasing the output.

4 We have heard оf an agreement having been reached.

5 The loss resulted from the vessel being prevented from loading a full cargo.

 

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

 

1 Они решили этот вопрос до того, как мы приехали.

2 Завтра в это время мы будем подъезжать (приближаться) к Киеву.

3 Это письмо только что подписано директором.

4 Заключение соглашения комментировалось в газетах.

5 Мы уже пришли домой, когда пошел дождь.

 

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and functions of participles:

 

1 Seeing her he raised his hat.

2 Signing the letter the manager gave it to the secretary asking her to send it off at once.

3 Informed of the arrival of the vessel, they sent their agent to the port.

4 Being told of his arrival, I went to see him.

5 Having been three times seriously wounded, he was no longer fit for active service.

 

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

 

1 I (to know) him ever since we (to be) children.

2 I shall cash the cheque as soon as the bank (to-be) open..

3 The contract (to type) before the director comes to the office.

4 He said he (to reach) home by midnight.

5 All the students (to examine) by five o'clock.

 

9 Translate the following sentence into English using infinitives:

1 Сегодня слишком холодно, чтобы спать с открытым окном.

2 Он достаточно умен, чтобы понять это.

3 Он положил ключ в портфель, чтобы не потерять его.

4 Чтобы объяснить эту задачу, он начертил диаграммы на всей доске.

5 Пароход "Минск" был зафрахтован, чтобы перевезти груз леса.

 

10 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

 

1 A railway line connects the village with the town.

2 We have to do this work every day.

3 They pay him regularly.

4 Many facts accounted for the rise in the price of tin.

5 You should refer to this quotation more often.

VARIANT 8

 

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Short Term Financing

 

The seasonal financial needs of, a company may be covered by short term sources of funds. The company must pay them off within one year. Businesses spend these funds on salaries and for emergencies. The most popular outside sources, of short term funds are trade credit, loans, factors, sales finance companies, and government sources.

About 85 percent of all US business transactions involve some form of trade credit. When a business orders goods and services it doesn't normally pay for them. The supplier provides them with an invoice requestingpayment within a settled time period, say thirty days. During this time the buyer uses goods and services without paying for them.

A company can use the trade credit as a source of savings. Atypical trade arrangement is 2/10, net 30. If a buyer pays within 10 days instead of 30, he gets a 2 percent discount. The savings a buyer obtains can be used as a source of short term funds.

 

2 Answer the following questions:

1 How can a company coyer its seasonal financial needs?

2 What do the companies spend short term funds on?

3 How much of all business arrangements does trade credit involve in the USA?

 

3 Match the words with their definitions: