I. Presentation of phonetical material / 20 min.

In English language the sound [a:] is widely used.

This sound [a:] is read in the following cases:

 

a)….. in the III – rd, closed syllable, in letter combination –ar: arm-[a:m], mark- [ma: k]

b) …. sometimes in letter combination -ear; heart- [ha:t], hearken [‘ha:kәn]

 

The rules and examples of the sound [a:] reading are shown in scheme 1.

 

Scheme 1

 

 

Audition, reading

 

Fastening phonetical material

Pay attention to the pronunciation and read the words.

Ar ch, ar m, ar mless, ar mour, ar mpit, c ar, c ar pet, d ar k, f ar, f ar m, h ar bour, h ar d, h ar m, h ar p, l ar ge.

 

2. Read and translate:

H ea rken, h ear t, h ear tache, h ear t-breaking, h ear tburn, h ear ten, h ear tfelt, h ear th, h ear tily, h ear tsease, h ear ty.

 

Remember the pronunciation of the following words. Find their translation in a dictionary.

Part [pa:t], heart [ha:t], pericardium [,peri’ka:diəm], artery [ ‘a:təri], large [‘la:dZ], harm[ha:m], heartache[‘hat:eik], cardiology[,ka:di’ələdZi], cardiac[‘ka:diæk], cardiovascular[‘ka:diə’vǽskjulə], tachycardia[‘tæhika:’diə], arch[‘a:t∫]

 

II. A. Presentation of grammar material / 25 min.

Study the following grammar material. Try to understand it.

1. Present Participle is formed from Verbal Infinitive with the help of ending –ing. It corresponds to Russian Active Participle with suffixes:

-ущ (ющ), - ащ (ящ): to carry - carrying несущий, (-ая, -ее, -ие)

2. For the preservation of short vocal reading in closed syllable end, consonant is doubled by Present Participle formation: to sit – sitting сидящий

3. In case, when the verb ends on –ie, this lettercombination is changed on – y by Present Participle formation, and the ending – ing is added: to lie – lying лежащий

4. In case, when the verb ends on –e, this letter is lost by adding of – ing:

to take – taking берущий

 

Functions of Present Participle and its forms are shown in Tables 1,2

Table 1

Functions of Present Participle

Examples	Functions
1. The examining teacher is in room 15.	1. Attribute
2. The man examininga patient is our doctor	2. Part of Attributive Participial Construction
3.Examining the patient the doctor listened to his heart.	3. Adverbial Modifier of time and reason.
4. The doctor was standing near the patient examining him attentively	4. Adverbial Modifier of action and others

Table 2

Forms of Present Participle

Participles	Indefinite	Perfect
Active   Passive	Askingспршивающий, спрашивая Being askedбудучи спрошен, спрашиваемый	Having askedспросив, Having been askedбудучи спрошен

 

Past Participle or the III-rd verbal form is formed in regular verbs from verbal infinitive with the help of ending –d, -ed. In irregular Verbs the Past Participle has special forms. They are shown in Table of irregular verbs in a dictionary

 

Past Participle is translated into Russian language as Passive Participle with ending – мый,

-ный, -тый.

Example: divided - разделенный

studied – изучаемый, изученный

taken – взятый

Functions of Past Participle are shown in Table 3.

Table 3